188.107.195.61: /* Using linear algebra */ Set correct link for 'diameter', referring to the graph and not the circle diameter.

2014-12-15T07:02:10Z

Using linear algebra: Set correct link for 'diameter', referring to the graph and not the circle diameter.

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:02, 15 December 2014
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	~~{{Expert-subject\|Meteorology\|date=February 2009}}~~		The author is called Irwin. My day occupation is a librarian. Puerto Rico is where he and his wife live. To do aerobics is a factor that I'm totally addicted to.<br><br>my web page: [https://www.tumblr.com/blog/mmattchuu tumblr.com]
	~~{{nofootnotes\|date=August 2009}}~~
	The ~~'''Bulk Richardson Number (BRN)'''~~ is a ~~[[dimensionless number]] in [[meteorology]] relating vertical stability and vertical [[Shear line (meteorology)\|shear]] (generally, stability divided by shear)~~. ~~It represents the ratio of thermally produced turbulence~~ and ~~turbulence generated by vertical shear~~.

	~~Practically, its value determines whether [[Atmospheric convection\|convection]]~~ is free or forced. High values indicate unstable and/or weakly sheared [[natural environment\|environment]]s; low values indicate weak instability and/or strong vertical shear. Generally, values in the range of around 10 to ~~45 suggest environmental conditions favorable for [[supercell]] development.~~
	~~See also: [[Monin-Obukhov Length]].~~

	~~==Formula==~~
	~~Below is the formula for the BRN~~.<~~ref name=lackmann~~>~~{{Cite book~~
	~~\| last = Lackmann~~
	~~\| first = Gary~~
	~~\| authorlink =~~
	~~\| year = 2012~~
	~~\| title = <Midlatitude Synoptic Meteorology: Dynamics, Analysis, & Forecasting>~~
	~~\| publisher = American Meteorological Society~~
	~~\| location = 45 Beacon Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02108~~
	~~\| id = 978-1878220103~~
	~~\| pages = 193–215~~
	~~}}</ref>~~
	<br>
	:~~:<math>~~
	~~Ri = \frac{g\Delta \theta _{v}/\theta _{v}}{~~[~~(\Delta U)^2 + (\Delta V)^{2}]/\Delta Z}~~
	~~</math>~~

	~~== Critical values and interpretation ==~~
	There is no exact interpretation of BRN values but, in general, for a BRN less than 10, vertical shear dominates over buoyancy and the storm will likely be eviscerated by the shear. For BRN values between 10 and 45, the shear tends to balance the buoyancy favoring strong convective supercells. A BRN larger than 40 supports ordinary cell or multicell convective storms but due to updraft tilt stemming from the lack of shear, supercells are not likely to be observed.

	~~== Difficulties in interpretation ==~~
	Different combinations of [[convective available potential energy]] (CAPE) and shear can lead to identical BRN values so the same BRN can represent a myriad of convective situations. Another source of difficulty in forecasting convective storm potential with BRN is that the BRN does not include important assessment parameters like wind direction or air moisture. Insignificant levels of CAPE and shear can also produce significant BRN so it is important that CAPE or the lifted index (LI) are used as a primary measure of atmospheric instability first. Since CAPE is difficult to compute by hand, a computer program is often used to calculate and report BRN given a vertical temperature profile.

	~~== References ==~~
	~~{{reflist}}~~

	~~== See also ==~~
	* [[Atmospheric dynamics]]
	* [[Atmospheric thermodynamics]]

	~~== External links ==~~
	* [http://www.~~theweatherprediction~~.com/~~habyhints/315~~/]
	* [http://homepage.ntlworld.com~~/booty.weather/metinfo/CAPE_SHEAR_TS.htm]~~

	~~[[Category:Boundary layer meteorology]]~~
	~~[[Category:Turbulence]]~~
	~~[[Category:Severe weather and convection]~~]

	~~{{climate-stub}}~~

	~~{{Meteorological variables}}~~

en>JohnBlackburne: Reverted edits by Brad7777 (talk) to last version by FrescoBot

2011-11-05T02:16:03Z

Reverted edits by Brad7777 (talk) to last version by FrescoBot

New page

{{Expert-subject|Meteorology|date=February 2009}}
{{nofootnotes|date=August 2009}}
The '''Bulk Richardson Number (BRN)''' is a [[dimensionless number]] in [[meteorology]] relating vertical stability and vertical [[Shear line (meteorology)|shear]] (generally, stability divided by shear). It represents the ratio of thermally produced turbulence and turbulence generated by vertical shear.

Practically, its value determines whether [[Atmospheric convection|convection]] is free or forced. High values indicate unstable and/or weakly sheared [[natural environment|environment]]s; low values indicate weak instability and/or strong vertical shear. Generally, values in the range of around 10 to 45 suggest environmental conditions favorable for [[supercell]] development.
See also: [[Monin-Obukhov Length]].

==Formula==
Below is the formula for the BRN.<ref name=lackmann>{{Cite book
| last = Lackmann
| first = Gary
| authorlink =
| year = 2012
| title = <Midlatitude Synoptic Meteorology: Dynamics, Analysis, & Forecasting>
| publisher = American Meteorological Society
| location = 45 Beacon Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02108
| id = 978-1878220103
| pages = 193–215
}}</ref>
<br>
::<math>
Ri = \frac{g\Delta \theta _{v}/\theta _{v}}{[(\Delta U)^2 + (\Delta V)^{2}]/\Delta Z}
</math>

== Critical values and interpretation ==
There is no exact interpretation of BRN values but, in general, for a BRN less than 10, vertical shear dominates over buoyancy and the storm will likely be eviscerated by the shear. For BRN values between 10 and 45, the shear tends to balance the buoyancy favoring strong convective supercells. A BRN larger than 40 supports ordinary cell or multicell convective storms but due to updraft tilt stemming from the lack of shear, supercells are not likely to be observed.

== Difficulties in interpretation ==
Different combinations of [[convective available potential energy]] (CAPE) and shear can lead to identical BRN values so the same BRN can represent a myriad of convective situations. Another source of difficulty in forecasting convective storm potential with BRN is that the BRN does not include important assessment parameters like wind direction or air moisture. Insignificant levels of CAPE and shear can also produce significant BRN so it is important that CAPE or the lifted index (LI) are used as a primary measure of atmospheric instability first. Since CAPE is difficult to compute by hand, a computer program is often used to calculate and report BRN given a vertical temperature profile.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[Atmospheric dynamics]]
* [[Atmospheric thermodynamics]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.theweatherprediction.com/habyhints/315/]
* [http://homepage.ntlworld.com/booty.weather/metinfo/CAPE_SHEAR_TS.htm]

[[Category:Boundary layer meteorology]]
[[Category:Turbulence]]
[[Category:Severe weather and convection]]

{{climate-stub}}

{{Meteorological variables}}

Algebraic graph theory - Revision history

188.107.195.61: /* Using linear algebra */ Set correct link for 'diameter', referring to the graph and not the circle diameter.

en>JohnBlackburne: Reverted edits by Brad7777 (talk) to last version by FrescoBot