Bubble chart - Revision history

en>Northamerica1000: /* Other uses of the term */ fix url

2014-05-26T05:14:54Z

Other uses of the term: fix url

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:14, 26 May 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
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195.88.237.18: /* Displaying Zero or Negative Data Values in Bubble Charts */

2014-02-07T12:39:11Z

Displaying Zero or Negative Data Values in Bubble Charts

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:39, 7 February 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~The '''Pilling-Bedworth ratio''' ('''P-B ratio'''), in [[corrosion]] of metals~~, ~~is the ratio of the volume of the [[Crystal_structure#Unit_cell\|elementary cell]] of~~ a ~~metal oxide to~~ the ~~volume~~ of ~~the elementary cell of the corresponding metal (from which the oxide is created)~~.		Going to the official site, Sony announced a $100 price drop for the PS Vita. The "Buy Now" price was indicated as $199.99 and shows its previous price of $299.99. In going back to the link, the announcement was much there.<br><br>The ringing of the doorbell interrupts Henry's evening ritual: watching TV, having the ugg news of disasters and wars from military services. Only a door-to-door salesman would create the gall to bother one person at about. And true to character, he -- she? -- isn't content to ring once. There it goes again.<br><br>One belonging to the easiest techniques to recognize whether cheap UGG you would like to try is composed of sheepskin or synthetic materials and fleece is seem online. Many stores selling boots will state their boots are produce of sheepskin. When you are shopping in a shoe store or department store, make sure to check the boot's tags to see what become the materials listed of the ugg boots. Discounted prices, values may distinguish depending along at the UGG boot materials instead of universal UGG product. And obtain occur for virtually any pair of UGG online, determine you can have a clear and verifiable shipping date to select from earlier than you finalize your buy.<br><br>All the footwear whether shoes or boots show up in variety of designs. Normally a person has numerous pairs of trainers and boots each for a specific purpose and party. While working in either in public facilities or within a muddy area there is obviously of likelihood to invest in your shoes dull. Therefore it is good to have cheap boots to avoid this type of outcome. For the reason that are located on many stores and online stores.<br><br>So why is it a good value? A bestseller that goes for $29.99 on average, is $9.99 on the Kindle. Plus you save the gas of depleted to the bookstore or paying shipping to become an identity theft. No more waiting in lines for your newest production. Amazon has a huge collection of books for the Kindle, extra being available every morning.<br><br>If ought to not want to be among the losers in this particular kind of business, then you better get Forex Tracer and Forex Brotherhood to steer. In this automated foreign exchange software, will certainly be operating as in are being personally guided by a forex star. Do not commit forex suicide by finding yourself in your have. Get Forex Tracer and Forex Brotherhood at this moment.<br><br>If you have any type of concerns regarding where and exactly how to make use of [http://horizonafrica.com/img/ ugg boots outlet], you can call us at our own web site.
	~~{{tocright}}~~
	~~On the basis of~~ the ~~P-B ratio~~, ~~it can be judged if~~ the ~~metal is likely to [[Passivation (chemistry)\|passivate]] in dry air by creation of a protective oxide layer~~.

	~~==Definition==~~
	~~The P-B ratio is defined as:~~
	: <~~math~~>~~\mathrm{R_{PB} =\frac{V_{oxide}}{V_{metal}}= \frac{ M_{oxide} \cdot \rho_{metal}} {n \cdot M_{metal} \cdot \rho_{oxide}} }~~<~~/math~~>

	~~where~~:
	* R<sub>PB</sub> is the ~~Pilling~~-~~Bedworth ratio,~~
	* M - the ~~atomic or molecular mass~~,
	* n - ~~number of atoms of metal per one molecule of the oxide~~
	* ρ - ~~density, and~~
	* V - ~~the molar volume~~.

	~~==History==~~
	~~N.B. Pilling and R.E~~. ~~Bedworth~~<~~ref~~>~~N.B. Pilling, R. E. Bedworth, "The Oxidation of Metals at High Temperatures". J. Inst. Met 29 (1923), p. 529-591.~~<~~/ref~~> ~~suggested in 1923 that metals can be classed into two categories: those that form protective oxides, and those that cannot. They ascribed the protectiveness of~~ the ~~oxide~~ to ~~the volume the oxide takes in comparison~~ to ~~the volume~~ of ~~the metal used to~~ produce ~~this oxide~~ in a ~~corrosion process in dry air. The oxide layer would be unprotective if the ratio is less than unity because the film that forms on the metal surface is porous and/~~or ~~cracked. Conversely~~, the ~~metals with the ratio higher than 1 tend~~ to ~~be protective because they form an effective barrier that prevents~~ the ~~gas from further oxidizing~~ the ~~metal.<ref name="ASM">"ASM Handbook Vol~~.~~13 Corrosion"~~, ~~ASM International, 1987</ref>~~

	~~== Application ==~~
	On the ~~basis~~ of ~~measurements~~, ~~the following connection~~ can ~~be shown:~~
	* R<~~sub~~>PB<~~/sub~~> ~~< 1:~~ the ~~oxide coating layer is too thin, likely broken~~ and ~~provides no protective effect (~~for ~~example [[magnesium]])~~
	* R<sub>PB</sub> > 2: the ~~oxide coating chips off~~ and ~~provides no protective effect (example [[iron]])~~
	* 1 < ~~R<sub~~>PB<~~/sub~~> ~~< 2: the oxide coating~~ is ~~passivating and provides~~ a ~~protecting effect against further surface oxidation (examples [[aluminium]]~~, ~~[[titanium]], [[chromium]]-containing [[steel]]s)~~.

	~~However, the exceptions to~~ the ~~above P-B ratio rules are numerous~~. ~~Many of~~ the ~~exceptions can be attributed to the mechanism~~ of ~~the oxide growth: the underlying assumption in the P-B ratio is that oxygen needs~~ to ~~diffuse through~~ the ~~oxide layer~~ to the ~~metal surface; in reality~~, ~~it is often the metal ion that diffuses to the air-oxide interface~~. ~~(citation needed)~~

	~~== Values ==~~

	~~{\| class="wikitable"~~
	~~! Metal !! Metal oxide !! R~~<~~sub~~>PB<~~/sub~~>
	\|-
	~~\| [[Zinc]] \|\| [[Zinc oxide]] \|\| 1~~.58
	\|-
	~~\| [[Calcium]] \|\| [[Calcium oxide]] \|\| 0~~.~~64 <ref name="ASM"/>~~
	\|-
	~~\| [[Magnesium]] \|\| [[Magnesium oxide]] \|\| 0~~.81
	\|-
	~~\| [[Aluminium]] \|\| [[Aluminium oxide]] \|\| 1~~.28
	\|-
	~~\| [[Lead]] \|\| [[Lead(II) oxide]] \|\| 1.28~~ <~~ref name="ASM"/~~>
	\|-
	~~\| [[Platinum]] \|\| [[Platinum(II) oxide]] \|\| 1.56~~ <~~ref name="ASM"/~~>
	\|-
	\| [~~[Zirconium]] \|\| [[Zirconium(IV) oxide]] \|\| 1.56~~
	\|-
	~~\| [[Hafnium]] \|\| [[Hafnium(IV) oxide]] \|\| 1.62 <ref name="ASM"~~/>
	\|-
	~~\| [[Nickel]] \|\| [[Nickel(II) oxide]] \|\| 1.65~~
	\|-
	~~\| [[Iron]] \|\| [[Iron(II) oxide]] \|\| 1.7~~
	\|-
	~~\| [[Titanium]] \|\| [[Titanium(IV) oxide]] \|\| 1.73~~
	\|-
	~~\| [[Chromium]] \|\| [[Chromium(III) oxide]] \|\| 2.07~~
	\|-
	~~\| [[Iron]] \|\| [[Iron(II,III) oxide]] \|\| 2.10~~
	\|-
	~~\| [[Iron]] \|\| [[Iron(III) oxide]] \|\| 2.14~~
	\|-
	~~\| [[Silicon]] \|\| [[Silicon dioxide]] \|\| 2.15~~
	\|-
	~~\| [[Tantalum]] \|\| [[Tantalum(V) oxide]] \|\| 2.47 <ref name="ASM"~~/>
	\|-
	~~\| [[Vanadium]] \|\| [[Vanadium(V) oxide]] \|\| 3~~.~~25 <ref name="ASM"~~/>
	\|-
	\|}

	~~==References==~~
	~~<references~~/>

	~~[[Category:Corrosion]~~]

en>Ronz: Reverted edits by George Huhn (talk) to last version by Ronz

2013-11-19T01:18:51Z

Reverted edits by George Huhn (talk) to last version by Ronz

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:18, 19 November 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~Thousands~~ of ~~sites are giving their views on what~~ the ~~very best poker rooms are. Almost every poker or gaming related site carries~~ a ~~poker room reviews section~~. ~~But~~ can ~~these evaluations really~~ be ~~trusted?~~ <br><br>~~The answer~~ is no, ~~a lot~~ of the ~~reviews arent true. Where theres money theres problem~~, and ~~theres lots of money in~~ the ~~online poker industry~~. ~~Even the greatest poker sites position high in search engines will modify their reviews centered on how much a particular poker area is paying them~~ <br>~~<br>On-line poker sites spend their affiliates a fixed sum~~ of ~~money to register players through their site~~. ~~If you think anything~~, ~~you will perhaps hate to read about [http://www~~.~~revish~~.~~com~~/~~people/cambogiapotassiumamh/ cambogiapotassiumamh \| Revish]~~. The ~~problem~~ is that ~~instead of writing reviews~~ on the ~~poker sites~~, they ~~make up~~ the ~~reviews based on~~ the ~~amount~~ of ~~money theyre getting paid. Ive seen poker rooms that are notorious for having no traffic rank and~~ the ~~worst quality software number~~ 1 ~~o-n many common poker place opinions sites~~, ~~simply because those rooms offer more money~~ for ~~sign ups. Navigating To~~ [~~http://social.xfire.com/blog/amazongarciniaarea visit our site~~] ~~perhaps provides lessons you could use with your co-worker.~~ <br><br>The poker locations dont want you going for negative scores. If you examine an affiliate terms and conditions plan it"ll reveal that youre required to promote them, As widely and strongly as possible in order to increase the ~~economic advantage to affiliate~~ and ~~to company. This wonderful~~ [~~http://www.iamsport.org/pg/bookmarks/officialsitesaa/read/26928523/do-not-give-up-weight-loss open in a new browser window~~] article has collected cogent warnings for the inner workings of this concept. So this implies that poker rooms wont even let you give them any negative evaluations if not theyll prohibit you from their program. <br><br>~~What ends up happening~~ is ~~several poker room EVERY poker room is recommended by review sites~~. ~~Most~~ of the ~~poker rooms they rate get yourself a 5/5 or very near it. Bad areas~~ of the ~~room are overlooked because~~ the ~~work as an affiliate isnt~~ to ~~provide honest its~~ to ~~advice~~; ~~to provide~~ the ~~room~~ to the ~~visitors~~. <br><br>~~But dont worry; on~~-~~line poker isnt filled up with only cheats and liars~~. ~~My site, for~~-~~one, has step by step and honest poker room evaluations~~. ~~If you can sort through these assessment sites giving clear fake reviews youll locate a group giving important information~~. ~~Just know that many exist only~~-~~to generate income from you~~..<br><br>~~If you loved this posting and you would like to receive additional info concerning health plan~~ ([~~http:~~/~~/storify~~.~~com~~/~~ovalranch1552 just click the following internet page~~]) ~~kindly visit our web~~-~~site.~~		The '''Pilling-Bedworth ratio''' ('''P-B ratio'''), in [[corrosion]] of metals, is the ratio of the volume of the [[Crystal_structure#Unit_cell\|elementary cell]] of a metal oxide to the volume of the elementary cell of the corresponding metal (from which the oxide is created).
			{{tocright}}
			On the basis of the P-B ratio, it can be judged if the metal is likely to [[Passivation (chemistry)\|passivate]] in dry air by creation of a protective oxide layer.

			==Definition==
			The P-B ratio is defined as:
			: <math>\mathrm{R_{PB} =\frac{V_{oxide}}{V_{metal}}= \frac{ M_{oxide} \cdot \rho_{metal}} {n \cdot M_{metal} \cdot \rho_{oxide}} }</math>

			where:
			* R<sub>PB</sub> is the Pilling-Bedworth ratio,
			* M - the atomic or molecular mass,
			* n - number of atoms of metal per one molecule of the oxide
			* ρ - density, and
			* V - the molar volume.

			==History==
			N.B. Pilling and R.E. Bedworth<ref>N.B. Pilling, R. E. Bedworth, "The Oxidation of Metals at High Temperatures". J. Inst. Met 29 (1923), p. 529-591.</ref> suggested in 1923 that metals can be classed into two categories: those that form protective oxides, and those that cannot. They ascribed the protectiveness of the oxide to the volume the oxide takes in comparison to the volume of the metal used to produce this oxide in a corrosion process in dry air. The oxide layer would be unprotective if the ratio is less than unity because the film that forms on the metal surface is porous and/or cracked. Conversely, the metals with the ratio higher than 1 tend to be protective because they form an effective barrier that prevents the gas from further oxidizing the metal.<ref name="ASM">"ASM Handbook Vol.13 Corrosion", ASM International, 1987</ref>

			== Application ==
			On the basis of measurements, the following connection can be shown:
			* R<sub>PB</sub> < 1: the oxide coating layer is too thin, likely broken and provides no protective effect (for example [[magnesium]])
			* R<sub>PB</sub> > 2: the oxide coating chips off and provides no protective effect (example [[iron]])
			* 1 < R<sub>PB</sub> < 2: the oxide coating is passivating and provides a protecting effect against further surface oxidation (examples [[aluminium]], [[titanium]], [[chromium]]-containing [[steel]]s).

			However, the exceptions to the above P-B ratio rules are numerous. Many of the exceptions can be attributed to the mechanism of the oxide growth: the underlying assumption in the P-B ratio is that oxygen needs to diffuse through the oxide layer to the metal surface; in reality, it is often the metal ion that diffuses to the air-oxide interface. (citation needed)

			== Values ==

			{\| class="wikitable"
			! Metal !! Metal oxide !! R<sub>PB</sub>
			\|-
			\| [[Zinc]] \|\| [[Zinc oxide]] \|\| 1.58
			\|-
			\| [[Calcium]] \|\| [[Calcium oxide]] \|\| 0.64 <ref name="ASM"/>
			\|-
			\| [[Magnesium]] \|\| [[Magnesium oxide]] \|\| 0.81
			\|-
			\| [[Aluminium]] \|\| [[Aluminium oxide]] \|\| 1.28
			\|-
			\| [[Lead]] \|\| [[Lead(II) oxide]] \|\| 1.28 <ref name="ASM"/>
			\|-
			\| [[Platinum]] \|\| [[Platinum(II) oxide]] \|\| 1.56 <ref name="ASM"/>
			\|-
			\| [[Zirconium]] \|\| [[Zirconium(IV) oxide]] \|\| 1.56
			\|-
			\| [[Hafnium]] \|\| [[Hafnium(IV) oxide]] \|\| 1.62 <ref name="ASM"/>
			\|-
			\| [[Nickel]] \|\| [[Nickel(II) oxide]] \|\| 1.65
			\|-
			\| [[Iron]] \|\| [[Iron(II) oxide]] \|\| 1.7
			\|-
			\| [[Titanium]] \|\| [[Titanium(IV) oxide]] \|\| 1.73
			\|-
			\| [[Chromium]] \|\| [[Chromium(III) oxide]] \|\| 2.07
			\|-
			\| [[Iron]] \|\| [[Iron(II,III) oxide]] \|\| 2.10
			\|-
			\| [[Iron]] \|\| [[Iron(III) oxide]] \|\| 2.14
			\|-
			\| [[Silicon]] \|\| [[Silicon dioxide]] \|\| 2.15
			\|-
			\| [[Tantalum]] \|\| [[Tantalum(V) oxide]] \|\| 2.47 <ref name="ASM"/>
			\|-
			\| [[Vanadium]] \|\| [[Vanadium(V) oxide]] \|\| 3.25 <ref name="ASM"/>
			\|-
			\|}

			==References==
			<references/>

			[[Category:Corrosion]]

en>Interface hawk: /* Other uses of the term */ typo

2012-07-27T05:09:13Z

Other uses of the term: typo

New page

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