en>David Eppstein: not unreferenced

2014-05-24T06:41:04Z

not unreferenced

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	~~The '''coefficient of haze''' (also known as '''smoke shade''')~~ is a ~~measurement~~ of ~~visibility interference in~~ the ~~[[Earth's atmosphere\|atmosphere]]~~.<~~ref name=Somani1992 /~~>		<br><br>It is very common to have a dental emergency -- a fractured tooth, an abscess, or severe pain when chewing. Over-the-counter pain medication is just masking the problem. Seeing an emergency dentist is critical to getting the source of the problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible.<br><br>Here are some common dental emergencies:<br>Toothache: The most common dental emergency. This generally means a badly decayed tooth. As the pain affects the tooth's nerve, treatment involves gently removing any debris lodged in the cavity being careful not to poke deep as this will cause severe pain if the nerve is touched. Next rinse vigorously with warm water. Then soak a small piece of cotton in oil of cloves and insert it in the cavity. This will give temporary relief until a dentist can be reached.<br><br>At times the pain may have a more obscure location such as decay under an old filling. As this can be only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help the pain. Administer a pain pill (aspirin or some other analgesic) internally or dissolve a tablet in a half glass (4 oz) of warm water holding it in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN.<br><br>Swollen Jaw: This may be caused by several conditions the most probable being an abscessed tooth. In any case the treatment should be to reduce pain and swelling. An ice pack held on the outside of the jaw, (ten minutes on and ten minutes off) will take care of both. If this does not control the pain, an analgesic tablet can be given every four hours.<br><br>Other Oral Injuries: Broken teeth, cut lips, bitten tongue or lips if severe means a trip to a dentist as soon as possible. In the mean time rinse the mouth with warm water and place cold compression the face opposite the injury. If there is a lot of bleeding, apply direct pressure to the bleeding area. If bleeding does not stop get patient to the emergency room of a hospital as stitches may be necessary.<br><br>Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction: Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag over the socket and have the patient bite down gently on it for 30 to 45 minutes. The tannic acid in the tea seeps into the tissues and often helps stop the bleeding. If bleeding continues after two hours, call the dentist or take patient to the emergency room of the nearest hospital.<br><br>Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient's jaw is broken, bring the upper and lower teeth together. Put a necktie, handkerchief or towel under the chin, tying it over the head to immobilize the jaw until you can get the patient to a dentist or the emergency room of a hospital.<br><br>Painful Erupting Tooth: In young children teething pain can come from a loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth. Some relief can be given by crushing a little ice and wrapping it in gauze or a clean piece of cloth and putting it directly on the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts. The numbing effect of the cold, along with an appropriate dose of aspirin, usually provides temporary relief.<br><br>In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar (Wisdom tooth), especially if it is impacted, can cause the jaw to swell and be quite painful. Often the gum around the tooth will show signs of infection. Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass of warm water and holding this solution in the mouth over the sore gum. AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE. The swelling of the jaw can be reduced by using an ice pack on the outside of the face at intervals of ten minutes on and ten minutes off.<br><br>In case you loved this post and you would like to receive more information with regards to [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90z1mmiwNS8 Best Dentists in DC] kindly visit the site.

	~~One way~~ to ~~measure~~ this is ~~to draw about 1000 feet~~ of ~~air sample through an air filter~~ and ~~obtain~~ the ~~radiation intensity through~~ the ~~filter~~. ~~The coefficient is then calculated based on~~ the ~~[[absorbance]] formula~~
	~~:<math>COH = -100 \log_{10} \left~~ ( ~~\frac{I_1}{I_0} \right~~ )<~~/math~~>
	~~where~~ <~~math~~>~~I_1</math> is~~ the ~~radiation~~ (~~400 nm light~~) ~~intensity transmitted through~~ the ~~sampled filter~~, ~~and~~ <~~math~~>~~I_0~~<~~/math~~> is the ~~radiation intensity transmitted through~~ a ~~clean (control) filter~~.<~~ref name=goldbook /~~>

	~~== References ==~~
	<~~references~~>
	<~~ref name=Somani1992~~>~~{{cite encyclopaedia\|encyclopedia=Dictionary of agricultural and allied sciences~~: ~~(P)~~, ~~Part 7\|author=L~~. L. ~~Somani\|publisher=Mittal Publications\|date=1992\|isbn=9788170991137\|article=Coefficient of Haze\|pages=322}}~~<~~/ref~~>
	<~~ref name=goldbook~~>~~{{cite web \|url=http~~:~~//goldbook~~.~~iupac~~.~~org/C01125~~.~~html\|title=IUPAC Gold Book - coefficient of haze~~ (~~COH~~) in ~~atmospheric chemistry\|accessdate=24 June 2013}}~~<~~/ref~~>
	<~~/references~~>

	~~== Further reading ==~~
	* {{cite encyclopaedia\|encyclopedia=IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology\|edition=2nd Edition\|date=1997\|article=Coefficient of Haze\|publisher=[[~~International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]]\|url=~~http://~~goldbook~~.~~iupac~~.~~org~~/~~PDF/C01125.pdf\|format~~=~~[[Portable Document Format\|PDF~~]~~]\|author=Alan D~~. ~~McNaught and Andrew Wilkinson\|isbn=978-0-86542-684-9}}~~
	* {{cite book\|title=Methods of air sampling and analysis\|author=James P. Lodge\|edition=3rd\|publisher=CRC Press\|year=1988\|isbn=9780873711418\|chapter=Continuous Tape Sampling of Coefficient of Haze}}

	~~{{DEFAULTSORT:Coefficient Of Haze}}~~
	~~[[Category:Visibility]]~~


	~~{{Climate-stub}}~~

en>Dr Greg: /* Definition */ dab singleton

2011-06-15T21:20:59Z

Definition: dab singleton

New page

The '''coefficient of haze''' (also known as '''smoke shade''') is a measurement of visibility interference in the [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]].<ref name=Somani1992 />

One way to measure this is to draw about 1000 feet of air sample through an air filter and obtain the radiation intensity through the filter. The coefficient is then calculated based on the [[absorbance]] formula
:<math>COH = -100 \log_{10} \left ( \frac{I_1}{I_0} \right )</math>
where <math>I_1</math> is the radiation (400 nm light) intensity transmitted through the sampled filter, and <math>I_0</math> is the radiation intensity transmitted through a clean (control) filter.<ref name=goldbook />

== References ==
<references>
<ref name=Somani1992>{{cite encyclopaedia|encyclopedia=Dictionary of agricultural and allied sciences: (P), Part 7|author=L. L. Somani|publisher=Mittal Publications|date=1992|isbn=9788170991137|article=Coefficient of Haze|pages=322}}</ref>
<ref name=goldbook>{{cite web |url=http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01125.html|title=IUPAC Gold Book - coefficient of haze (COH) in atmospheric chemistry|accessdate=24 June 2013}}</ref>
</references>

== Further reading ==
* {{cite encyclopaedia|encyclopedia=IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology|edition=2nd Edition|date=1997|article=Coefficient of Haze|publisher=[[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]]|url=http://goldbook.iupac.org/PDF/C01125.pdf|format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]|author=Alan D. McNaught and Andrew Wilkinson|isbn=978-0-86542-684-9}}
* {{cite book|title=Methods of air sampling and analysis|author=James P. Lodge|edition=3rd|publisher=CRC Press|year=1988|isbn=9780873711418|chapter=Continuous Tape Sampling of Coefficient of Haze}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Coefficient Of Haze}}
[[Category:Visibility]]

{{Climate-stub}}

Edge space - Revision history

en>David Eppstein: not unreferenced

en>Dr Greg: /* Definition */ dab singleton