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	<title>Foucault pendulum vector diagrams - Revision history</title>
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		<id>https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Foucault_pendulum_vector_diagrams&amp;diff=245877&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>en&gt;RomanSpa at 18:23, 21 February 2014</title>
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		<updated>2014-02-21T18:23:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:23, 21 February 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Hello &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;welcome&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;My title &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Irwin and I completely dig that name&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;What I love doing is performing ceramics but I haven&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;t made a dime with it. Managing individuals has been his day occupation &lt;/ins&gt;for a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;while. Puerto Rico is where he&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;s &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;usually been living but she needs to move because of her family members&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;br&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;br&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Feel free to visit my homepage; &lt;/ins&gt;[http://&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;www&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hotporn123&lt;/ins&gt;.com/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;blog&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;150819 hotporn123&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;com&lt;/ins&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In [[mathematics]], in the area of [[functional analysis]] &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[operator theory]], the &#039;&#039;&#039;Volterra operator&#039;&#039;&#039;, named after [[Vito Volterra]], represents the operation of [[indefinite integration]], viewed as a [[bounded linear operator]] on the space &#039;&#039;L&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;(0,1) of complex-valued [[square integrable function]]s on the interval (0,1)&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; It &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the operator corresponding to the [[Volterra integral equation]]s&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Definition==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The Volterra operator, &lt;/del&gt;&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;V&#039;&#039;, may be defined &lt;/del&gt;for a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;function &#039;&#039;f&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;∈&amp;amp;nbsp;&#039;&#039;L&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;(0,1) and a value &#039;&#039;t&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;∈&amp;amp;nbsp;(0,1), as&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;V(f)(t) = \int_0^t{f(&lt;/del&gt;s&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;)\, ds}&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/math&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Properties==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039; is a bounded linear operator between Hilbert spaces, with [[Hermitian adjoint]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;::&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;math&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;V^*(f)(t) = \int_t^1{f(s)\, ds}.&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039; is a [[Hilbert-Schmidt operator]], hence in particular is [&lt;/del&gt;[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;compact operator|compact]].&amp;lt;ref name=&#039;stackexchange_indefinite-integrators&#039;&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=Spectrum of Indefinite Integral Operators (From stackexchange.com)|url=&lt;/del&gt;http://&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;math&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;stackexchange&lt;/del&gt;.com/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;questions&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;151425/spectrum-of-indefinite-integral-operators}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039; has no [[eigenvalue]]s and therefore, by the [[spectral theory of compact operators]], its [[spectrum (functional analysis)|spectrum]] σ(&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;) = {0}&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&#039;stackexchange_indefinite-integrators&#039; /&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039; is a [[quasinilpotent operator]] (that is, the [[spectral radius]], &#039;&#039;ρ&#039;&#039;(&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;), is zero), but it is not [[nilpotent]].&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*The [[operator norm]] of &#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039; is exactly ||&#039;&#039;V&#039;&#039;|| = &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;⁄&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;π&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;ref name=&#039;stackexchange_indefinite-integrators&#039; /&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==References==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Reflist}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:Volterra Operator}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Operator theory]&lt;/del&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>en&gt;RomanSpa</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Foucault_pendulum_vector_diagrams&amp;diff=12401&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>en&gt;Myasuda: added missing diacritics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Foucault_pendulum_vector_diagrams&amp;diff=12401&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-04-30T00:21:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;added missing diacritics&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}&lt;br /&gt;
In [[mathematics]], in the area of [[functional analysis]] and [[operator theory]], the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Volterra operator&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, named after [[Vito Volterra]], represents the operation of [[indefinite integration]], viewed as a [[bounded linear operator]] on the space &amp;#039;&amp;#039;L&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;(0,1) of complex-valued [[square integrable function]]s on the interval (0,1).  It is the operator corresponding to the [[Volterra integral equation]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Definition==&lt;br /&gt;
The Volterra operator, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;V&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, may be defined for a function &amp;#039;&amp;#039;f&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;∈&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;L&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;(0,1) and a value &amp;#039;&amp;#039;t&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;∈&amp;amp;nbsp;(0,1), as&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;V(f)(t) = \int_0^t{f(s)\, ds}.&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Properties==&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;#039;&amp;#039;V&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a bounded linear operator between Hilbert spaces, with [[Hermitian adjoint]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;V^*(f)(t) = \int_t^1{f(s)\, ds}.&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;#039;&amp;#039;V&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a [[Hilbert-Schmidt operator]], hence in particular is [[compact operator|compact]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;#039;stackexchange_indefinite-integrators&amp;#039;&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=Spectrum of Indefinite Integral Operators (From stackexchange.com)|url=http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/151425/spectrum-of-indefinite-integral-operators}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;#039;&amp;#039;V&amp;#039;&amp;#039; has no [[eigenvalue]]s and therefore, by the [[spectral theory of compact operators]], its [[spectrum (functional analysis)|spectrum]] σ(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;V&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) = {0}.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;#039;stackexchange_indefinite-integrators&amp;#039; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;#039;&amp;#039;V&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a [[quasinilpotent operator]] (that is, the [[spectral radius]], &amp;#039;&amp;#039;ρ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;(&amp;#039;&amp;#039;V&amp;#039;&amp;#039;), is zero), but it is not [[nilpotent]].&lt;br /&gt;
*The [[operator norm]] of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;V&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is exactly ||&amp;#039;&amp;#039;V&amp;#039;&amp;#039;|| = &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;⁄&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;π&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;#039;stackexchange_indefinite-integrators&amp;#039; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Volterra Operator}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Operator theory]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>en&gt;Myasuda</name></author>
	</entry>
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