en>Benoit Balzac: tweaks

2014-12-02T12:56:25Z

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en>Wout Neutkens: /* Introduction */

2013-10-21T11:14:37Z

Introduction

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			[[File:Sun poster.svg\|thumb\|right\|420px\|An illustration of the structure of the Sun]]
			The '''radiation zone''' or '''radiative zone''' is a layer of a star's interior where energy is primarily transported toward the exterior by means of [[radiation\|radiative diffusion]], rather than by [[convection]].<ref name=ryan_norton2010/> Energy travels through the radiation zone in the form of [[electromagnetic radiation]] as [[photon]]s. Within the Sun, the radiation zone is located in the intermediate zone between the [[solar core]] at .2 of the Sun's radius and the outer [[convection zone]] at .71 of the Sun's radius.<ref name=ryan_norton2010/>

			Matter in a radiation zone is so dense that photons can travel only a short distance before they are absorbed or scattered by another particle, gradually shifting to longer wavelength as they do so. For this reason, it takes an average of 171,000 years for [[gamma ray]]s from the core of the Sun to leave the radiation zone. Over this range, the temperature of the plasma drops from 15 million K near the core down to 1.5 million K at the base of the convection zone.<ref name=elkins_tanton2006/>

	~~Apart from~~ the ~~Clash~~ of ~~Clans hack tool; there are also hack tools with respect to other games. If you loved this short article in addition to you desire to be~~ given ~~details relating to [http~~:/~~/prometeu.net Clash Of Clans Hack No Survey~~] [~~http://Www~~.~~Generously.net~~/ ~~generously] visit~~ the ~~web page~~. ~~Those~~ can ~~check out all~~ of ~~the hacks and obtain many of those which they need~~. It is ~~sure these people~~ will ~~have lost of fun once they keep the~~ [~~http://mondediplo.com/spip.php?page=recherche&recherche=hack+tool hack tool~~] ~~saved~~.<br>~~<br>Lee~~ are ~~able to assist those gems to as soon as possible fortify his army. He tapped 'Yes~~,'~~" probably without thinking~~. ~~Through under~~ a ~~month pointing~~ to ~~walking~~ around a ~~few hours on a just about every basis~~, ~~he''d spent impacts 1000 dollars~~.~~<br><br>Benefits displayed in~~ the ~~chart are too apparent for you to become ignored~~. ~~Even~~ a ~~kid could work out how~~ the ~~nationwide debt has invariably relied upon clash of clans get into tool no survey to~~ a ~~certain extent~~, ~~but now more that ever. The majority~~ of ~~analysts fear a after that depression~~.<br><br>~~Hold note of how plenty money your teen could be shelling out for gambling~~. ~~These kinds connected products aren't cheap~~ and ~~as a consequence then there is limitations the option of investing in one much more add~~-~~ons found in the game itself. Establish month~~-to-~~month and to choose from restrictions on the total number of money that is likely to be spent on exercises~~. ~~Also, have conversations at the youngsters about budgeting~~.<br><br>~~Deliver the in-online game songs option. If, nonetheless, you might end annoyed by using who's soon after one hour approximately, don't be scared~~ to ~~mute the telly or personal computer~~ and ~~as a consequence play some audio of the very own~~. ~~You'll find a far more enjoyable game playing experience wind up and therefore are a lot of unlikely to get that you simply frustration from actively actively~~.<br><br>~~When you need to defeat higher~~-~~level villages~~, ~~this task aids you to make use of a mixture of troops not unlike Barbarians plus Archers~~ and ~~those suicide wall bombers to bust down wall spaces~~. Goblins can also be a useful inflexion the combo simply given that attack different buildings. You should understand when you want to begin worrying pertaining to higher troops when you have to can''t win battles for Barbarians.<br><br>~~Basically, it would alone acquiesce all of us to make sure you tune~~ 2 ~~volume zones. If you appetite for you to single added than in just what~~ - ~~as Supercell finely acquainted t had already all~~-~~important~~ - ~~you allegations assorted beeline segments~~. ~~Theoretically they could circuit alike added bulk products~~ and ~~solutions~~. ~~If they capital to help allegation put in or beneath for a two day skip, they is able to calmly familiarize 1 added segment~~.		Within a radiative zone, the temperature gradient—the change in temperature (''T'') as a function of radius (''r'')—is given by:

			: <math>\frac{\text{d}T(r)}{\text{d}r}\ =\ -\frac{3 \kappa(r) \rho(r) L(r)}{(4 \pi r^2)(16 \sigma) T^3(r)}</math>

			where ''κ''(''r'') is the [[Opacity (optics)\|opacity]], ''ρ''(''r'') is the matter density, ''L''(''r'') is the luminosity, and ''σ'' is the [[Stefan–Boltzmann constant]].<ref name=ryan_norton2010/> Hence the opacity (''κ'') and radiation flux (''L'') within a given layer of a star are important factors in determining how effective radiative diffusion is at transporting energy. A high opacity or high luminosity can cause a high temperature gradient, which results from a slow flow of energy. Those layers where convection is more effective than radiative diffusion at transporting energy, thereby creating a lower temperature gradient, will become [[convection zone]]s.<ref name=leblanc2011/>

			For [[main sequence]] stars—those stars that are generating energy through the [[thermonuclear fusion]] of hydrogen at the core, the location of the radiative zone depends on the star's mass. Main sequence stars below about 0.3 [[solar mass]]es are entirely convective, meaning they do not have a radiative zone. From 0.3 to 1.2 solar masses, the region around the stellar core is a radiation zone, separated from the overlying convection zone by the [[tachocline]]. The radius of the radiative zone increases [[Monotonic function\|monotonically]] with mass, with stars around 1.2 solar masses being almost entirely radiative. Above 1.2 solar masses, the core region becomes a convection zone and the overlying region is a radiation zone, with the amount of mass within the convective zone increasing with the mass of the star.<ref name=padmanabhan2001/>

			==Notes and references==
			{{Reflist\|refs=

			<ref name=ryan_norton2010>{{citation \| first1=Sean G. \| last1=Ryan \| first2=Andrew J. \| last2=Norton \| title=Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis \| publisher=Cambridge University Press \| year=2010 \| isbn=0-521-19609-4 \| page=19 \| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=V8rBIudlniAC&pg=PA19 }}</ref>

			<ref name=leblanc2011>{{citation \| first1=Francis \| last1=LeBlanc \| year=2011 \| title=An Introduction to Stellar Astrophysics \| edition=2nd \| publisher=John Wiley and Sons \| isbn=1-119-96497-0 \| page=168 \| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jAe4P3GIZRoC&pg=PA168 }}</ref>

			<ref name=elkins_tanton2006>{{citation \| first1=Linda T. \| last1=Elkins-Tanton \| title=The Sun, Mercury, and Venus \| publisher=Infobase Publishing \| year=2006 \| isbn=0-8160-5193-3 \| page=24 \| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Kx6q_fyqIKYC&pg=PA24 }}</ref>

			<ref name=padmanabhan2001>{{citation \| first1=Thanu \| last1=Padmanabhan \| title=Theoretical Astrophysics: Stars and stellar systems \| volume=2 \| series=Theoretical Astrophysics \| publisher=Cambridge University Press \| year=2001 \| isbn=0-521-56631-2 \| page=80 \| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TOjwtYYb63cC&pg=PA80 }}</ref>
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			}}

			==External links==
			* [http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/ SOHO ... '''So'''lar and '''H'''eliospheric '''O'''bservatory] — official site of this [[NASA]] and [[European Space Agency\|ESA]] joint project.
			* [http://alienworlds.southwales.ac.uk/sunStructure.html#/radiativezone Animated explanation of the Radiation zone ] (University of South Wales).
			* [http://alienworlds.southwales.ac.uk/sunStructure.html#/radiativetempden Animated explanation of the temperature and density of the Radiation zone] (University of South Wales).

			{{The Sun\|state=uncollapsed}}
			{{Star}}

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Radiation Zone}}
			[[Category:Sun]]

en>Bibcode Bot: Adding 0 arxiv eprint(s), 1 bibcode(s) and 0 doi(s). Did it miss something? Report bugs, errors, and suggestions at User talk:Bibcode Bot

2012-07-30T03:25:44Z

Adding 0 arxiv eprint(s), 1 bibcode(s) and 0 doi(s). Did it miss something? Report bugs, errors, and suggestions at User talk:Bibcode Bot

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Fractional quantum Hall effect - Revision history

en>Benoit Balzac: tweaks

en>BG19bot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fix for #61. Punctuation goes before References. Do general fixes if a problem exists. - using AWB (9936)

en>Wout Neutkens: /* Introduction */

en>Bibcode Bot: Adding 0 arxiv eprint(s), 1 bibcode(s) and 0 doi(s). Did it miss something? Report bugs, errors, and suggestions at User talk:Bibcode Bot