https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Heat_transfer_physicsHeat transfer physics - Revision history2026-05-21T13:39:27ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.0-wmf.28https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Heat_transfer_physics&diff=28198&oldid=prev211.121.168.82: /* Electron */2013-09-30T05:54:26Z<p><span class="autocomment">Electron</span></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{chembox<br />
| Verifiedfields = changed<br />
| Watchedfields = changed<br />
| verifiedrevid = 377204105<br />
| Name = Octanol<br />
| ImageFile = 1-Octanol.svg<br />
| ImageSize = 220px<br />
| ImageName = Skeletal formula<br />
| ImageFile1 = 1-Octanol-3D-vdW.png<br />
| ImageName1 = Space-filling model<br />
| IUPACName = Octan-1-ol<br />
| OtherNames = 1-Octanol; Capryl alcohol; Octyl alcohol<br />
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers<br />
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}<br />
| CASNo = 111-87-5<br />
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}<br />
| ChEMBL = 26215<br />
| SMILES = CCCCCCCCO<br />
| PubChem = 957<br />
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}<br />
| ChemSpiderID = 932<br />
| InChI = 1/C8H18O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9/h9H,2-8H2,1H3<br />
| InChIKey = KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYAH<br />
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}<br />
| StdInChI = 1S/C8H18O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9/h9H,2-8H2,1H3<br />
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}<br />
| StdInChIKey = KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N<br />
}}<br />
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties<br />
| C=8|H=18|O=1<br />
| Density = 0.824 g/cm<sup>3</sup><br />
| Solubility = 0.460 g/liter<ref>Lide, D. R., ed. (2013-2014). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (94th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press.</ref><br />
| MeltingPtC = -16 <br />
| BoilingPtC = 195 <br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''1-Octanol''' is the [[organic compound]] with the [[molecular formula]] CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>7</sub>OH. It is a [[fatty alcohol]]. Many other [[isomer]]s are also known generically as [[octanol]]s. 1-Octanol is manufactured for the synthesis of esters for use in [[perfume]]s and [[flavoring]]s. [[Ester]]s of octanol, such as [[octyl acetate]], occur as components of [[essential oil]]s.<ref name=Falbe/> It is used to evaluate the lipophilicity of pharmaceutical products.<br />
<br />
==Preparation==<br />
Octanol is produced industrially by the oligomerization of [[ethylene]] using [[triethylaluminium]] followed by oxidation of the [[organoaluminium|alkylaluminium products]]. This route is known as the Ziegler alcohol synthesis.<ref name=Falbe>Jürgen Falbe, Helmut Bahrmann, Wolfgang Lipps, Dieter Mayer "Alcohols, Aliphatic" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology'' Wiley-VCH Verlag; Weinheim, 2002. {{doi|10.1002/14356007.a01_279}}</ref> An idealized synthesis is shown:<br />
:Al(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> + 9 C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> → Al(C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>17</sub>)<sub>3</sub><br />
:Al(C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>17</sub>)<sub>3</sub> + 3 O + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O → 3 HOC<sub>8</sub>H<sub>17</sub> + Al(OH)<sub>3</sub><br />
The process generates a range of alcohols, which are separated by [[distillation]].<br />
<br />
==Water/octanol partitioning==<br />
{{main|Partition coefficient}}<br />
Octanol and water are [[immiscible]]. The distribution of a compound between water and octanol is used to calculate the [[partition coefficient]] 'P' of that molecule (often expressed as its logarithm to the base 10, log ''P''). Water/ octanol partitioning is a relatively good approximation of the partitioning between the [[cytosol]] and [[lipid]] [[Biological membrane|membrane]]s of living systems.<ref>{{Cite book<br />
| last1 = Schwarzenbach | first1 = Rene P.<br />
| last2 = Gschwend | first2 = Philip M.<br />
| last3 = Imboden | first3 = Dieter M.<br />
| title = [[Environmental organic chemistry]]<br />
| publisher = [[John Wiley & Sons|John Wiley]]<br />
| year = 2003<br />
| isbn = 0-471-35053-2 }}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
Many dermal absorption models consider the [[stratum corneum]]/ water partition coefficient to be well approximated by a function of the water/ octanol partition coefficient of the form:<ref>{{cite journal<br />
| author = McCarley KD, Bunge AL<br />
| title = Pharmacokinetic Models of Dermal Absorption<br />
| journal = Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences<br />
| volume = 90<br />
| issue = 11<br />
| pages = 1699–1719<br />
| year = 2001<br />
| pmid = 11745728<br />
| doi = 10.1002/jps.1120<br />
}}</ref><br />
<br />
:<math>\log(K_{sc/w}) = a + b\log(K_{w/o})</math><br />
<br />
Where a and b are constants,<math>K_{sc/w}</math> is the stratum corneum/ water partition coefficient, and<math>K_{w/o}</math> is the water/ octanol partition coefficient. The values of a and b vary between papers, but Cleek & Bunge<ref>{{cite journal<br />
| author = Cleek RL, Bunge AL<br />
| title = A new method for estimating dermal absorption from chemical exposure. 1. General approach<br />
| journal = Pharmaceutical Research<br />
| volume = 10<br />
| issue = 4<br />
| pages = 497–506<br />
| year = 1993<br />
| pmid = 8483831<br />
| doi = 10.1023/A:1018981515480<br />
}}</ref> have reported the values a=0, b=0.74.<br />
<br />
==Uses==<br />
1-Octanol is mainly consumed as a precursor to perfumes.<ref name=Falbe/> It has been examined for controlling [[Essential Tremor]] and other types of involuntary neurological tremors.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Bushara K. et al. | title = Pilot trial of 1-octanol in essential tremor | journal = Neurology | year = 2004 | volume = 62 | pages = 122–124 | pmid = 14718713 | issue = 1}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Alcohols}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Octanol, 1-}}<br />
[[Category:Fatty alcohols]]<br />
[[Category:Primary alcohols]]</div>211.121.168.82