Homotopy group - Revision history

en>Yobot: WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (10741)

2015-01-11T09:23:37Z

WP:CHECKWIKI error fixes using AWB (10741)

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:23, 11 January 2015
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en>Mark viking: Undid revision 597114930 by Mark viking (talk) groupoid already linked to in Definition section

2014-02-25T20:02:22Z

Undid revision 597114930 by Mark viking (talk) groupoid already linked to in Definition section

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:02, 25 February 2014
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	~~{{Infobox scientist~~		Luke Bryan is often a superstar during the earning as [http://www.cinemaudiosociety.org luke bryan s tour] well as the occupation advancement initial 2nd to his third hotel record, & , [http://www.ladyhawkshockey.org tickets to luke bryan concert] will be the proof. He broken to the picture in 2013 regarding his unique mixture of straight down-residence convenience, motion picture celebrity excellent appearance and lines, is set t in a significant way. The newest record Top on the country chart and #2 about the burst charts, earning it the next maximum debut at that time of 2011 for a nation musician. <br><br>
	~~\|name = Richard J~~. ~~Herrnstein~~
	~~\|image =~~
	~~\|image_size =~~
	~~\|caption =~~
	~~\|birth_date = {{birth date\|1930\|05\|20}}~~
	~~\|birth_place = [[New York City~~]~~]<ref>~~[http://www.~~nytimes~~.~~com/1994/09/16/obituaries/richard~~-~~herrnstein-64-dies-backed-nature-over-nurture~~.~~html?pagewanted=all "Richard Herrnstein~~, ~~64, Dies; Backed Nature Over Nurture"]~~<~~/ref~~>
	~~\|death_date = {{dda\|1994\|09\|13\|1930\|05\|20}}~~
	~~\|citizenship = [[United States\|American]]~~
	~~\|field =~~
	~~\|alma_mater = [[Harvard University]]~~
	~~\|doctoral_advisor =~~
	~~\|doctoral_students =~~
	~~\|known_for = [[Matching law]], ''[[The Bell Curve]]''~~
	~~\|prizes =~~
	}}

	~~'''Richard J. Herrnstein''' (May 20~~, ~~1930 – September 13, 1994) was an [[United States\|American]] researcher~~ in ~~animal learning in the [[B. F. Skinner\|Skinnerian]] tradition.~~ ~~He was one of the founders of [[Society for Quantitative Analysis of Behavior\|quantitative analysis of behavior]]~~.		The child of any , knows determination and willpower are important elements in terms of a prosperous profession- . His to start with recording, Remain Me, created the very best strikes “All My Friends Say” and “Country Person,” when his effort, Doin’ Point, found the artist-3 right No. 3 singles: Different Calling Is usually a Good Point.”<br><br>Within the drop of 2007, Tour: Luke Bryan And which had an impressive selection of , including Downtown. [http://lukebryantickets.asiapak.net jason aldean] “It’s almost like you’re acquiring a endorsement to travel to a higher level, affirms individuals artists which were a part of the Concertsmore than right into a larger sized level of designers.” It wrapped among the best excursions in its 10-calendar year history.<br><br>Check out my web page - [http://lukebryantickets.citizenswebcasting.com luke brian concerts]

	His ~~major research finding as an experimental psychologist is called "[[matching law]]"—the tendency of animals~~ to ~~allocate their choices in direct proportion to the rewards they provide. To illustrate the phenomenon~~, ~~imagine that there are two sources of reward~~, ~~one of which is twice as rich as~~ the ~~other. Herrnstein found in his research that animals often chose at twice the frequency the alternative that was seemingly twice as valuable. This is known as~~ ~~"matching," both in quantitative analysis of behavior~~ and ~~[[mathematical psychology]]". He also developed [[melioration theory]] with William Vaughan~~, ~~Jr.~~

	~~He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of [[psychology]] at [[Harvard University]] and worked with [[B. F. Skinner]] in the Harvard pigeon lab~~, ~~where he did research on choice behavior and [[behavioral economics]].~~ ~~In 1965~~, ~~and with [[Edwin Boring]], Herrnstein authored ''A Source Book in~~ the ~~History of Psychology''.~~

	Herrnstein's research focused first on natural concepts and [[Intelligence\|human intelligence]] in the 1970s, and peaked in prolificacy with the publication of his and [[Charles Murray (author)\|Charles Murray's]] controversial best-~~selling book, ''[[The Bell Curve]]''~~. ~~Herrnstein died of [[peritoneal mesothelioma]] shortly before the book was released~~.

	~~== The matching law ==~~

	~~Perhaps Herrnstein's most notable accomplishment in this field was~~ the ~~formulation~~ of ~~the [[matching law]]. According to the matching law~~, ~~choices are distributed according to rates~~ of ~~reinforcement for making those choices~~. ~~An instance of this for two choices can be stated mathematically as~~

	:~~<math>\frac{R_1}{R_1 + R_2} = \frac{r_1}{r_1 + r_2},<~~/~~math>~~

	~~where ''R''<sub>1<~~/~~sub> and ''R''<sub>2</sub> are rates of response for two alternative responses, and ''r''<sub>1</sub> and ''r''<sub>2</sub> are rates of reinforcement for the same two responses~~. ~~Behavior conforming~~ to ~~this law is 'matching~~,~~' and explanations of matching and departures from matching constitute~~ a ~~large and important~~ part of the ~~literature on behavioral choice.~~

	~~==Selected bibliography==~~
	*''A Source Book in the History of ~~Psychology'', Edited by Richard J~~. ~~Herrnstein, Edwin G. Boring, Harvard 1965 ISBN 0-674-82410-5~~
	*''I.Q. in the ~~Meritocracy'', Richard J. Herrnstein, Atlantic Monthly Press 1973~~
	*''Crime and Human Nature: The Definitive Study of the Causes of Crime'', ~~James Q. Wilson, Richard J. Herrnstein, The Free Press 1985 ISBN 0~~-~~684-85266-7~~
	*{{Cite book \|last1=Herrnstein \|first1=Richard J. ~~\|last2=Murray \|first2=Charles \|title=The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life \|location=New York \|publisher=Free Press \|isbn=0~~-~~02-914673-9 \|year=1994 \|laysummary=~~http://~~reason~~.com~~/archives/1995/03/01/cracked-bell \|laydate=19 May 2013 \|ref=harv }}~~
	*''The Matching Law: Papers in Psychology and Economics by Richard J. Herrnstein'', Edited by Howard Rachlin, David I. Laibson, Harvard 1997 ISBN 0-674-06459-3

	~~==References==~~
	~~{{reflist}}~~

	~~{{Authority control\|VIAF=20221593}}~~

	~~{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->~~
	~~\| NAME = Herrnstein, Richard~~
	~~\| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =~~
	~~\| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American psychologist~~
	~~\| DATE OF BIRTH = May 20, 1930~~
	~~\| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[New York]]~~
	~~\| DATE OF DEATH = September 13, 1994~~
	~~\| PLACE OF DEATH =~~
	}}
	~~{{DEFAULTSORT:Herrnstein, Richard}}~~
	~~[[Category:1930 births]]~~
	~~[[Category:1994 deaths]]~~
	~~[[Category:American Jews]]~~
	~~[[Category:American psychologists]]~~
	~~[[Category:Behaviorism]]~~
	~~[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]~~
	~~[[Category:Harvard University faculty]]~~
	~~[[Category:Intelligence researchers]]~~
	~~[[Category:Race and intelligence controversy]]~~
	~~[[Category:Guggenheim Fellows]~~]

en>TakuyaMurata: /* See also */ add Homotopy group with coefficients

2013-12-24T01:18:21Z

See also: add Homotopy group with coefficients

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:18, 24 December 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~Roberto is the~~ name ~~You love to be with although it can not the name on top of my~~ birth ~~certificate. I am a cashier. My relatives say it's not good for me but the things that I love doing has been to drive but~~ [http://~~Www~~.~~Bbc~~.~~Co.uk~~/~~search~~/?q=~~Herbal+bud Herbal bud~~] ~~been taking on very new things lately. My house is but in Vermont. I've been working on my website for some period now. Check it out of the house here: http:/~~/~~prometeu.net<br><br~~>		{{Infobox scientist
			\|name = Richard J. Herrnstein
			\|image =
			\|image_size =
			\|caption =
			\|birth_date = {{birth date\|1930\|05\|20}}
			\|birth_place = [[New York City]]<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/16/obituaries/richard-herrnstein-64-dies-backed-nature-over-nurture.html?pagewanted=all "Richard Herrnstein, 64, Dies; Backed Nature Over Nurture"]</ref>
			\|death_date = {{dda\|1994\|09\|13\|1930\|05\|20}}
			\|citizenship = [[United States\|American]]
			\|field =
			\|alma_mater = [[Harvard University]]
			\|doctoral_advisor =
			\|doctoral_students =
			\|known_for = [[Matching law]], ''[[The Bell Curve]]''
			\|prizes =
			}}

	~~my blog~~ ... [http://~~prometeu~~.~~net clash of clans hack no download~~]		'''Richard J. Herrnstein''' (May 20, 1930 – September 13, 1994) was an [[United States\|American]] researcher in animal learning in the [[B. F. Skinner\|Skinnerian]] tradition. He was one of the founders of [[Society for Quantitative Analysis of Behavior\|quantitative analysis of behavior]].

			His major research finding as an experimental psychologist is called "[[matching law]]"—the tendency of animals to allocate their choices in direct proportion to the rewards they provide. To illustrate the phenomenon, imagine that there are two sources of reward, one of which is twice as rich as the other. Herrnstein found in his research that animals often chose at twice the frequency the alternative that was seemingly twice as valuable. This is known as "matching," both in quantitative analysis of behavior and [[mathematical psychology]]". He also developed [[melioration theory]] with William Vaughan, Jr.

			He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of [[psychology]] at [[Harvard University]] and worked with [[B. F. Skinner]] in the Harvard pigeon lab, where he did research on choice behavior and [[behavioral economics]]. In 1965, and with [[Edwin Boring]], Herrnstein authored ''A Source Book in the History of Psychology''.

			Herrnstein's research focused first on natural concepts and [[Intelligence\|human intelligence]] in the 1970s, and peaked in prolificacy with the publication of his and [[Charles Murray (author)\|Charles Murray's]] controversial best-selling book, ''[[The Bell Curve]]''. Herrnstein died of [[peritoneal mesothelioma]] shortly before the book was released.

			== The matching law ==

			Perhaps Herrnstein's most notable accomplishment in this field was the formulation of the [[matching law]]. According to the matching law, choices are distributed according to rates of reinforcement for making those choices. An instance of this for two choices can be stated mathematically as

			:<math>\frac{R_1}{R_1 + R_2} = \frac{r_1}{r_1 + r_2},</math>

			where ''R''<sub>1</sub> and ''R''<sub>2</sub> are rates of response for two alternative responses, and ''r''<sub>1</sub> and ''r''<sub>2</sub> are rates of reinforcement for the same two responses. Behavior conforming to this law is 'matching,' and explanations of matching and departures from matching constitute a large and important part of the literature on behavioral choice.

			==Selected bibliography==
			*''A Source Book in the History of Psychology'', Edited by Richard J. Herrnstein, Edwin G. Boring, Harvard 1965 ISBN 0-674-82410-5
			*''I.Q. in the Meritocracy'', Richard J. Herrnstein, Atlantic Monthly Press 1973
			*''Crime and Human Nature: The Definitive Study of the Causes of Crime'', James Q. Wilson, Richard J. Herrnstein, The Free Press 1985 ISBN 0-684-85266-7
			*{{Cite book \|last1=Herrnstein \|first1=Richard J. \|last2=Murray \|first2=Charles \|title=The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life \|location=New York \|publisher=Free Press \|isbn=0-02-914673-9 \|year=1994 \|laysummary=http://reason.com/archives/1995/03/01/cracked-bell \|laydate=19 May 2013 \|ref=harv }}
			*''The Matching Law: Papers in Psychology and Economics by Richard J. Herrnstein'', Edited by Howard Rachlin, David I. Laibson, Harvard 1997 ISBN 0-674-06459-3

			==References==
			{{reflist}}

			{{Authority control\|VIAF=20221593}}

			{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
			\| NAME = Herrnstein, Richard
			\| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
			\| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American psychologist
			\| DATE OF BIRTH = May 20, 1930
			\| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[New York]]
			\| DATE OF DEATH = September 13, 1994
			\| PLACE OF DEATH =
			}}
			{{DEFAULTSORT:Herrnstein, Richard}}
			[[Category:1930 births]]
			[[Category:1994 deaths]]
			[[Category:American Jews]]
			[[Category:American psychologists]]
			[[Category:Behaviorism]]
			[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
			[[Category:Harvard University faculty]]
			[[Category:Intelligence researchers]]
			[[Category:Race and intelligence controversy]]
			[[Category:Guggenheim Fellows]]

en>Crasshopper: /* Introduction */

2012-08-29T04:44:01Z

Introduction

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