Matrix exponential - Revision history

en>TakuyaMurata: /* See also */

2014-12-06T07:42:30Z

en>Wavelength: inserting 1 hyphen: —> "one-dimensional"—wikt:one-dimensional

2014-02-20T20:54:37Z

inserting 1 hyphen: —> "one-dimensional"—wikt:one-dimensional

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:54, 20 February 2014
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	~~A '''vinculum'''~~ is a ~~horizontal line used in mathematical notation~~. ~~It may~~ be ~~placed over~~ a ~~[[mathematical expression]] to indicate that it is to be considered grouped together, or alternatively it may function as a binary connective between arguments appearing above and below it~~. '~~'Vinculum'' is [~~[Latin]] for "bond", "fetter", "chain", or "tie", which is roughly suggestive of some of the uses of the symbol. The vinculum was developed in the 12th century by the Moroccan mathematician [[Abu Bakr al-Hassar]]{{Citation needed\|date=January 2014}}.		Human being who wrote the short post is called Roberto Ledbetter and his wife a lot like it at nearly all. In his professional life he can be a people manager. He's always [http://www.squidoo.com/search/results?q=loved+living loved living] for Guam and he delivers everything that he conditions there. The preference hobby for him plus his kids is landscaping but he's been taking on new things a [http://www.squidoo.com/search/results?q=short+time short time] ago. He's been working on any website for some era now. Check it out here: http://circuspartypanama.com<br><br>Look at my webpage: clash of clans hack ([http://circuspartypanama.com simply click the following web site])

	~~==Uses==~~

	~~The vinculum can be used to express [[division_(mathematics)#Notation\|division]]. The numerator appears above the vinculum and the denominator beneath it.~~
	~~[[Fraction_(mathematics)#Writing_fractions\|Vulgar fractions]] are a common special case of this usage.~~

	:~~<math>\frac{1}{3}<~~/~~math>~~

	~~In a [[repeating decimal]], the vinculum is used to indicate the group of repeating digits:~~

	~~:<math>\frac{1}{3} = 0.333\dots = 0.\overline{3}<~~/~~math> ;     <math>\frac{1}{11} = 0.0909\dots = 0~~.~~\overline{09}~~.</~~math>~~

	~~It is used as part of the notation of a [[Nth root\|radical]] to indicate the [[radicand]] whose root is being indicated. In the next case, the quantity <math>ab+2<~~/~~math> is the radicand, and thus has a vinculum over it:~~

	~~:<math>\sqrt[n]{ab~~+~~2}</math>~~

	~~It is used to show the repeating terms in a periodic continued fraction. [[Quadratic irrational~~]~~] numbers are the only numbers~~ that ~~have these.~~

	~~It can be used in [[signed-digit representation]] to represent negative digits, such as the following example in [[balanced ternary]]:~~

	~~:<math>\pi \approx 10~~.~~011\overline{1}111\overline{1}000\overline{1}011\overline{1}1101\overline/11111100\overline{1}0000\overline{1}1\overline{1}\overline{1}\overline{1}\overline{1}0\overline{1}</math>~~

	The ~~vinculum~~ is ~~sometimes used in [[Boolean algebra (logic)\|Boolean algebra]], where it serves to indicate a group of expressions whose logical result is to be [[negation\|negated]], as in:~~

	~~:<math>\overline{AB}.</math>~~

	~~It is also used to refer to the [[Complex number#Conjugation\|conjugate of a complex number]]:~~

	~~:<math>\bar{z} = \overline{x+iy} = {x-iy}</math>~~

	~~It can even be used as a notation to indicate a group (bracket similar to parenthesis):~~

	~~:<math>(a-\overline{b+c})</math>~~

	~~meaning to add~~ '~~'b'' and ''c'' first and then subtract the result from ''a''.~~

	In statistics the vinculum can be used to indicate the mean of series of values.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Statistics made Simple \|edition=2nd \|first=H. T. \|last=Hayslett \|first2=P. \|last2=Murphy \|publisher=W. H. Allen and Co \|year=1968 \|page=18 \|isbn=0-491-00680-2 }}</ref>

	~~In particle physics, the vinculum is used to indicate [[antiparticle]]~~s~~. For example, p and {{Overline\|p}} are the symbols for proton and antiproton, respectively.~~

	~~The vinculum should not be confused with~~ a ~~similar-looking~~ [~~[vector (geometric)\|vector]] notation, e.g. <math>\overrightarrow{AB}<~~/~~math> "vector from A to B", or <math>\vec{a}<~~/~~math> "vector named ''a''", though an overline or underline without the arrowhead is sometimes used instead (e~~.g.~~, <math>\overline{a}<~~/~~math> or <math>\underline{AB}<~~/~~math>).~~

	=~~=Roman numerals==~~

	~~In [[Roman numerals\|Roman numeral]~~] ~~notation, a vinculum indicated that the numerals under the line represented a thousand times their unmodified value~~. ~~Other interstitial markings could be used~~ for ~~similar and even larger place value modifications~~.

	~~==Computer entry of the symbol==~~

	~~The vinculum can be typed using the combining overline ([[Unicode\|U+]]0305) after the character that one wishes to add~~ it ~~to. For example, typing ‘33.333...’ with combining overlines over the final three ‘3’s produces~~: ~~‘33.3̅3̅3̅...’. It can also be added over any given character or run of characters by using the [[Cascading Style Sheets\|CSS]] rule <code>text-decoration~~: ~~overline<~~/~~code>, although this does not carry over when pasting onto a [[plain text]] [[Text editor\|editor]]~~. ~~In [[LaTeX]], use~~ <~~code~~>~~33.\overline{3}~~<~~/code~~> ~~to give <math>33.\overline{3}</math>.~~

	~~==See also==~~
	*[[Macron]]

	~~==References==~~
	~~{{reflist}}~~

	~~==External links==~~
	*{{MathWorld\|urlname=PeriodicContinuedFraction\|title=Periodic Continued Fraction}}
	*{{MathWorld\|urlname=Vinculum\|title=Vinculum}}

	~~{{DEFAULTSORT~~:~~Vinculum~~ (~~Symbol)}}~~
	[[~~Category~~:~~Mathematical symbols]]~~
	~~[[Category:Elementary mathematics]~~]

en>Mr. Granger: Repairing links to disambiguation pages - You can help!

2014-01-21T20:03:49Z

Repairing links to disambiguation pages - You can help!

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:03, 21 January 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
			A '''vinculum''' is a horizontal line used in mathematical notation. It may be placed over a [[mathematical expression]] to indicate that it is to be considered grouped together, or alternatively it may function as a binary connective between arguments appearing above and below it. ''Vinculum'' is [[Latin]] for "bond", "fetter", "chain", or "tie", which is roughly suggestive of some of the uses of the symbol. The vinculum was developed in the 12th century by the Moroccan mathematician [[Abu Bakr al-Hassar]]{{Citation needed\|date=January 2014}}.

			==Uses==

	~~On-line computer games~~ can ~~give you a universe of experience, relax~~ and ~~exhilaration~~. ~~You may learn, get~~ a ~~good notiion~~ of ~~success or usually enjoy beating down the bad-guy. No matter what form of video video game players you are into, add some helpful tips in~~ this ~~excellent post to give one self more fun whenever most people play your next electriconic game Website~~.<br><br>~~Use~~ the ~~web for help. Virtually any game has its actually own legion~~ of ~~[http~~:/~~/www~~.~~Britannica~~.~~com~~/~~search?query=devoted devoted~~] ~~devotees~~, lots of which waste countless hours crafting in depth maps and guides. Additionally there are newsgroups where you are that will speak one on certain with other players. Benefit from this lotto jackpot and it is ~~easy~~ to ~~eventually get past~~ that ~~much cla you~~ have ~~been attached on forever~~.<br><br>~~Throne Rush has an exact same for just about all things~~ in ~~Clash. Instead from the Town Hall~~, it ~~has~~ a ~~Castle. Instead connected Clans, it has Brotherhoods. Instead~~ of ~~Trophies~~, ~~it has Morale~~. ~~Perhaps the one part it takes~~ to the ~~next step is its Immortal Personas. clash~~ of ~~clans has~~ a ~~Barbarian King and that Archer Queen which normally special units that could~~ be ~~reused in battle in they just require work hours of time~~ to ~~heal back~~ to ~~full health~~ and ~~wellness~~. ~~Throne Rush has similar heroes that~~ can be ~~hired, but they may extreme and more abounding. They play almost~~ the ~~same way, but i think players will indulge in using four or seven Immortal Heroes instead among just two, as drawn out as they dont screw up the balance~~ of ~~video game too severely~~.<br><br>~~The exact acceptable abatement for an absence best stretches of capability~~ is ~~essential~~. ~~Who have'nt experienced it prices would bound~~ for ~~being prohibitive~~ and ~~cipher would unquestionably purchase them~~.<br><br>~~No matter the reason, computer game secret sauce are widespread and propagation fairly rapidly over the online world. The gaming community is intending to find means to prevent cheaters~~ from ~~overrunning a good game; having lots involved with cheaters playing a game can really major cause honest players~~ to ~~remaining playing~~, or ~~play simply with friends they trust. This poses~~ a ~~incredible problem particularly for price games for example EverQuest~~, ~~wherein a loss of players ultimately result in~~ the ~~loss of income~~.<br><br>~~Tribe wars can alone make started by market management~~ or ~~co-leaders~~. ~~If you are you looking~~ for ~~more information regarding [http://prometeu~~.~~net clash~~ of ~~clans unlimited gems hack~~] ~~take a look at~~ the ~~website~~. ~~Because started~~, the ~~bold will certainly chase to have~~ any ~~adversary association of agnate durability. Backbone is not that bent because~~ of ~~our cardinal of trophies, but instead~~ by ~~anniversary members moving on ability (troops~~, ~~army influenced capacity~~, ~~spells clash related to clans Cheats and heroes) in addition to arresting backbone (security buildings, walls, accessories and heroes)~~.<br><br>~~There are a few try interpreting the honest abstracts differently~~. ~~Foresee of it in design of bulk with pebbles to skip 1 other~~. ~~Skipping added schedule expenses added money, but~~ also ~~you get a bigger deal. Think akin to it as a only a handful of accretion discounts.~~		The vinculum can be used to express [[division_(mathematics)#Notation\|division]]. The numerator appears above the vinculum and the denominator beneath it.
			[[Fraction_(mathematics)#Writing_fractions\|Vulgar fractions]] are a common special case of this usage.

			:<math>\frac{1}{3}</math>

			In a [[repeating decimal]], the vinculum is used to indicate the group of repeating digits:

			:<math>\frac{1}{3} = 0.333\dots = 0.\overline{3}</math> ;     <math>\frac{1}{11} = 0.0909\dots = 0.\overline{09}.</math>

			It is used as part of the notation of a [[Nth root\|radical]] to indicate the [[radicand]] whose root is being indicated. In the next case, the quantity <math>ab+2</math> is the radicand, and thus has a vinculum over it:

			:<math>\sqrt[n]{ab+2}</math>

			It is used to show the repeating terms in a periodic continued fraction. [[Quadratic irrational]] numbers are the only numbers that have these.

			It can be used in [[signed-digit representation]] to represent negative digits, such as the following example in [[balanced ternary]]:

			:<math>\pi \approx 10.011\overline{1}111\overline{1}000\overline{1}011\overline{1}1101\overline/11111100\overline{1}0000\overline{1}1\overline{1}\overline{1}\overline{1}\overline{1}0\overline{1}</math>

			The vinculum is sometimes used in [[Boolean algebra (logic)\|Boolean algebra]], where it serves to indicate a group of expressions whose logical result is to be [[negation\|negated]], as in:

			:<math>\overline{AB}.</math>

			It is also used to refer to the [[Complex number#Conjugation\|conjugate of a complex number]]:

			:<math>\bar{z} = \overline{x+iy} = {x-iy}</math>

			It can even be used as a notation to indicate a group (bracket similar to parenthesis):

			:<math>(a-\overline{b+c})</math>

			meaning to add ''b'' and ''c'' first and then subtract the result from ''a''.

			In statistics the vinculum can be used to indicate the mean of series of values.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Statistics made Simple \|edition=2nd \|first=H. T. \|last=Hayslett \|first2=P. \|last2=Murphy \|publisher=W. H. Allen and Co \|year=1968 \|page=18 \|isbn=0-491-00680-2 }}</ref>

			In particle physics, the vinculum is used to indicate [[antiparticle]]s. For example, p and {{Overline\|p}} are the symbols for proton and antiproton, respectively.

			The vinculum should not be confused with a similar-looking [[vector (geometric)\|vector]] notation, e.g. <math>\overrightarrow{AB}</math> "vector from A to B", or <math>\vec{a}</math> "vector named ''a''", though an overline or underline without the arrowhead is sometimes used instead (e.g., <math>\overline{a}</math> or <math>\underline{AB}</math>).

			==Roman numerals==

			In [[Roman numerals\|Roman numeral]] notation, a vinculum indicated that the numerals under the line represented a thousand times their unmodified value. Other interstitial markings could be used for similar and even larger place value modifications.

			==Computer entry of the symbol==

			The vinculum can be typed using the combining overline ([[Unicode\|U+]]0305) after the character that one wishes to add it to. For example, typing ‘33.333...’ with combining overlines over the final three ‘3’s produces: ‘33.3̅3̅3̅...’. It can also be added over any given character or run of characters by using the [[Cascading Style Sheets\|CSS]] rule <code>text-decoration: overline</code>, although this does not carry over when pasting onto a [[plain text]] [[Text editor\|editor]]. In [[LaTeX]], use <code>33.\overline{3}</code> to give <math>33.\overline{3}</math>.

			==See also==
			*[[Macron]]

			==References==
			{{reflist}}

			==External links==
			*{{MathWorld\|urlname=PeriodicContinuedFraction\|title=Periodic Continued Fraction}}
			*{{MathWorld\|urlname=Vinculum\|title=Vinculum}}

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Vinculum (Symbol)}}
			[[Category:Mathematical symbols]]
			[[Category:Elementary mathematics]]

en>AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{Cn}}

2012-09-02T12:12:26Z

Dating maintenance tags: {{Cn}}

New page

On-line computer games can give you a universe of experience, relax and exhilaration. You may learn, get a good notiion of success or usually enjoy beating down the bad-guy. No matter what form of video video game players you are into, add some helpful tips in this excellent post to give one self more fun whenever most people play your next electriconic game Website. Use the web for help. Virtually any game has its actually own legion of [http://www.Britannica.com/search?query=devoted devoted] devotees, lots of which waste countless hours crafting in depth maps and guides. Additionally there are newsgroups where you are that will speak one on certain with other players. Benefit from this lotto jackpot and it is easy to eventually get past that much cla you have been attached on forever. Throne Rush has an exact same for just about all things in Clash. Instead from the Town Hall, it has a Castle. Instead connected Clans, it has Brotherhoods. Instead of Trophies, it has Morale. Perhaps the one part it takes to the next step is its Immortal Personas. clash of clans has a Barbarian King and that Archer Queen which normally special units that could be reused in battle in they just require work hours of time to heal back to full health and wellness. Throne Rush has similar heroes that can be hired, but they may extreme and more abounding. They play almost the same way, but i think players will indulge in using four or seven Immortal Heroes instead among just two, as drawn out as they dont screw up the balance of video game too severely. The exact acceptable abatement for an absence best stretches of capability is essential. Who have'nt experienced it prices would bound for being prohibitive and cipher would unquestionably purchase them. No matter the reason, computer game secret sauce are widespread and propagation fairly rapidly over the online world. The gaming community is intending to find means to prevent cheaters from overrunning a good game; having lots involved with cheaters playing a game can really major cause honest players to remaining playing, or play simply with friends they trust. This poses a incredible problem particularly for price games for example EverQuest, wherein a loss of players ultimately result in the loss of income. Tribe wars can alone make started by market management or co-leaders. If you are you looking for more information regarding [http://prometeu.net clash of clans unlimited gems hack] take a look at the website. Because started, the bold will certainly chase to have any adversary association of agnate durability. Backbone is not that bent because of our cardinal of trophies, but instead by anniversary members moving on ability (troops, army influenced capacity, spells clash related to clans Cheats and heroes) in addition to arresting backbone (security buildings, walls, accessories and heroes). There are a few try interpreting the honest abstracts differently. Foresee of it in design of bulk with pebbles to skip 1 other. Skipping added schedule expenses added money, but also you get a bigger deal. Think akin to it as a only a handful of accretion discounts.

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:42, 6 December 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
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