Midpoint - Revision history

en>Loraof: /* Circle */ butterfly theorem

2014-10-01T18:35:20Z

Circle: butterfly theorem

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:35, 1 October 2014
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	~~[[Image:Polychord C major and F major.png\|thumb\|Bitonal polychord: F major on top of C major.<ref>Pen, Ronald (1992).~~ '~~'Introduction to Music'', p.242. ISBN 0-07-038068-6.</ref> {{Audio\|Polychord C major and F major.mid\|Play}}]]~~		Jayson Berryhill is how I'm called and my spouse doesn't like it at all. Office supervising is what she does for a residing. I am really fond of to go to karaoke but I've been taking on new things lately. Mississippi is where his home is.<br><br>My website ... [http://www.manmadestories.org/users/KPownall psychic readings online]

	~~In [[music]]~~ and ~~[[music theory]], a~~ '~~''bichord''' or '''polychord''' consists of two or more [[chord (music)\|chord]]s, one on top of the other.<ref>Haerle, Dan (1982)~~. ~~''The Jazz Language: A Theory Text for Jazz Composition and Improvisation'', p.30. ISBN 978-0-7604-0014-2. "The term polychord literally means many (poly) chords. In actual practice, a polychord~~ is ~~usually a combination of only two chords which creates a more complex sound."</ref><ref>Guy Capuzzo, Tom Dempsey (2006). ''Theory~~ for ~~the Contemporary Guitarist'', p.76. ISBN 978-0-7390-3838-3. "A bichord (other-wise known as~~ a ~~polychord) consists of two triads played together~~.~~"</ref><ref>Edward Shanaphy, Joseph Knowlton (1990). ''The Do It Yourself Handbook for Keyboard Playing'', p.62. ISBN 978-0-943748-00-9. "A polychord is nothing more than the playing~~ of two chords at the same time."</ref> In shorthand they are written with the top chord above a line and the bottom chord below,<ref name="Policastro, Michael A. 1999 p.168">Policastro, Michael A. (1999). ''Understanding How to ~~Build Guitar Chords and Arpeggios~~'~~', p~~.~~168. ISBN 978-0-7866-4443-8~~.<~~/ref~~> ~~for example F above C: <math>\frac{F}{C}</math>.~~

	~~The use of polychords may suggest [[polytonality\|bitonality]] or polytonality. [[parallel harmony\|Harmonic parallelism]] may suggest bichords.~~

	~~Examples may be found in [[Igor Stravinsky]]'s ''[[Petrushka]]'', p. 15, and ''[[The Rite of Spring\|Rite of Spring]]'', "Dance of the Adolescents" (1921)~~ <~~ref~~>~~Reisberg, Horace (1975)~~. ~~"The Vertical Dimension in Twentieth Century Music", ''Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music'', p~~.~~336. Wittlich, Gary (ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-049346-5.</ref> (see [[Petrushka chord]])~~. ~~They may also be found in the song "Point of No Return" from~~ [~~[Andrew Lloyd Webber]]'s ''[[The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)\|The Phantom of the Opera]]'', including chords such as E{{music\|flat}}m over Fm.<ref>{{cite web\|url=~~http://www.~~scribd~~.~~com~~/~~doc~~/~~14869318/Past-the-Point-of-No-Return\|title=Past the Point of No Return\|publisher=Scribd\|accessdate=Jul 6, 2009}}</ref>~~

	[[Image:Polychords various over Dm.png\|thumb\|center\|400px\|Polychords: Em, EbM, EbM, and DM over Dm.<ref name="K&P">Kostka & Payne (1995). ''Tonal Harmony'', p.494. Third Edition. ISBN 0-07-035874-5.</ref> {{Audio\|Polychords various over Dm.mid\|Play}}]]

	In the polychords in the image above, the 1st, "might well suggest," a [[thirteenth chord]], the 2nd may suggest a, "d minor [[ninth chord]] with upper extensions," but the octave separation of the 3rd makes the suggestion of, "two independent triads with their a m9 apart," even more likely, and the 4th is a, "[[split-third chord]]."<ref name="K&P"/>

	~~[[Extended chord]]s contain more than one [[Triad (music)\|triad]], and so can be regarded as a type of polychord:~~

	[[Image:Thirteenth-polychord.PNG\|thumb\|center\|400px\|Separate chords within an [[extended chord]].<ref>Marquis, G. Welton (1964). ''Twentieth Century Music Idioms''. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.</ref> {{audio\|Thirteenth-polychord.mid\|Play}}]]

	~~[[Image:G7(sharp11b9) vs Db over G chord.png\|thumb\|G<sup>7</sup>({{music\|#}}11{{music\|b}}9) vs <math>\frac{Db}{G}</math> chord. {{audio\|G7(sharp11b9) vs Db over G chord.mid\|Play}}]]~~
	For example G<sup>7</sup>({{music\|#}}11{{music\|b}}9) (G-B-D-F-A{{music\|b}}-C{{music\|#}}) is formed from G major (G-B-D) and D{{music\|b}} major (D{{music\|b}}-F-A{{music\|b}}), or <math>\frac{Db}{G}</math>.<ref name="Policastro, Michael A. 1999 p.168"/> (C{{music\|#}}=D{{music\|b}})

	The [[Lydian augmented scale]], "has a polychord sound built in,"<ref>Munro, Doug (2002). ''Jazz Guitar: Bebop and Beyond'', p.36. ISBN 978-0-7579-8281-1.</ref> created by superimposing the Caug and the Emaj ({{audio\|Augmented major seventh chord on C.mid\|Play}}) and/or F{{music\|#}}dim ({{audio\|Lydian augmented polychord on C.mid\|Play}}) triads that exist in the scale, this being, "a very common practice for most [[Bebop\|bop]] and [[post-bop]] players [such as [[McCoy Tyner]]]."<ref>Munro (2002), p.38.</ref>

	~~Examples of extended chords include the [[Elektra chord]].~~

	[[Image:Park Avenue Beat polychord.png\|thumb\|right\|250px\|[[Fred Steiner]]'s 1957 ''[[Perry Mason]]'' [[theme music\|theme]], "[[Park Avenue Beat]]", ends with a DM/Cm polychord quoted by [[Frank Zappa]] in "[[Jezebel Boy]]", ''[[Broadway the Hard Way]]'' (1988) and described by Walter Everett as "juicy".<ref>Walter Everett (Autumn, 2004). "A Royal Scam: The Abstruse and Ironic Bop-Rock Harmony of Steely Dan", p.208-209, ''Music Theory Spectrum'', Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 201-235.</ref> {{Audio\|Park Avenue Beat polychord.mid\|Play}}]]

	~~==See also==~~
	* [[Secundal]]
	* [[Tertian]]
	* [[Quartal and quintal harmony\|quartal]]
	* [[Upper structure]]

	~~==Sources==~~
	~~{{reflist}}~~

	~~{{Chords}}~~

	~~[[Category:Chords]]~~
	~~[[Category:Post-tonal music theory]~~]

205.213.125.7: /* Construction */

2013-12-11T21:54:10Z

Construction

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:54, 11 December 2013
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	~~It is very common~~ to ~~have a dental emergency~~ -- a ~~fractured tooth~~, ~~an abscess~~, ~~or severe pain when chewing~~. ~~Over~~-~~the~~-~~counter pain medication is just masking the problem~~. ~~Seeing an emergency dentist~~ is ~~critical to getting the source~~ of ~~the problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible~~.<br><br><br><br>~~Here are some common dental emergencies:<br>Toothache:~~ The ~~most common dental emergency~~. ~~This generally means a badly decayed tooth~~. As the ~~pain affects~~ the ~~tooth's nerve, treatment involves gently removing any debris lodged in~~ the ~~cavity being careful not to poke deep as this will cause severe pain if~~ the ~~nerve is touched~~. ~~Next rinse vigorously with warm water~~. ~~Then soak a small piece of cotton in oil of cloves~~ and ~~insert it in the cavity~~. ~~This will give temporary relief until a dentist can be reached~~.<br><br>~~At times the pain~~ may ~~have a more obscure location such as decay under an old filling~~. ~~As this can~~ be ~~only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help~~ the ~~pain. Administer a pain pill~~ (~~aspirin or some other analgesic~~) ~~internally or dissolve a tablet~~ in ~~a half glass~~ (~~4 oz~~) ~~of warm water holding it in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out~~. ~~DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN~~.<br>~~<br>Swollen Jaw: This~~ may be ~~caused by several conditions~~ the ~~most probable being an abscessed tooth. In any case the treatment should be to reduce pain and swelling. An ice pack held on the outside~~ of the ~~jaw,~~ (~~ten minutes on and ten minutes off~~) ~~will take care~~ of ~~both. If this does not control~~ the ~~pain~~, ~~an analgesic tablet can be given every four hours~~.<br><br>~~Other Oral Injuries~~: ~~Broken teeth~~, ~~cut lips~~, ~~bitten tongue or lips if severe means a trip to a dentist as soon as possible~~. In the ~~mean time rinse~~ the ~~mouth with warm water and place cold compression~~ the ~~face opposite~~ the ~~injury. If there is~~ a ~~lot~~ of ~~bleeding, apply direct pressure to~~ the ~~bleeding area. If bleeding does not stop get patient to~~ the ~~emergency room~~ of a ~~hospital~~ as ~~stitches may be necessary~~.<br><br>~~Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction~~: ~~Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag~~ over ~~the socket and have the patient bite down gently on it for 30 to 45 minutes~~. ~~The tannic acid in the tea seeps into the tissues and often helps stop the bleeding~~. ~~If bleeding continues after two hours, call the dentist or take patient to the emergency room of the nearest hospital~~.<br><br>~~Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient's jaw~~ is ~~broken, bring the upper~~ and ~~lower teeth together. Put a necktie~~, ~~handkerchief~~ or ~~towel under the chin~~, ~~tying it over the head to immobilize the jaw until you can get the patient to a dentist or the emergency room of a hospital~~.~~<br~~><br>~~Painful Erupting Tooth~~: ~~In young children teething pain can come from a loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth~~. ~~Some relief can be given~~ by ~~crushing a little ice~~ and ~~wrapping it in gauze~~ or ~~a clean piece of cloth and putting it directly~~ on ~~the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts~~. ~~The numbing effect of~~ the ~~cold~~, ~~along with an appropriate dose of aspirin~~, ~~usually provides temporary relief~~.<~~br><br~~>~~In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar~~ (~~Wisdom tooth~~), ~~especially if it is impacted, can cause the jaw to swell and be quite painful~~. ~~Often the gum around the tooth will show signs of infection~~. ~~Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass~~ of ~~warm water and holding this solution in~~ the ~~mouth over the sore gum~~. ~~AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE~~. ~~The swelling of the jaw can be reduced~~ by ~~using an ice pack on~~ the ~~outside of the face at intervals of ten minutes on~~ and ~~ten minutes off~~.<br>~~<br>If you are you looking for more in regards to [http~~:~~//www~~.~~youtube~~.~~com~~/~~watch?v~~=~~90z1mmiwNS8 Best Dentists in DC~~] ~~look into our own web site.~~		[[Image:Polychord C major and F major.png\|thumb\|Bitonal polychord: F major on top of C major.<ref>Pen, Ronald (1992). ''Introduction to Music'', p.242. ISBN 0-07-038068-6.</ref> {{Audio\|Polychord C major and F major.mid\|Play}}]]

			In [[music]] and [[music theory]], a '''bichord''' or '''polychord''' consists of two or more [[chord (music)\|chord]]s, one on top of the other.<ref>Haerle, Dan (1982). ''The Jazz Language: A Theory Text for Jazz Composition and Improvisation'', p.30. ISBN 978-0-7604-0014-2. "The term polychord literally means many (poly) chords. In actual practice, a polychord is usually a combination of only two chords which creates a more complex sound."</ref><ref>Guy Capuzzo, Tom Dempsey (2006). ''Theory for the Contemporary Guitarist'', p.76. ISBN 978-0-7390-3838-3. "A bichord (other-wise known as a polychord) consists of two triads played together."</ref><ref>Edward Shanaphy, Joseph Knowlton (1990). ''The Do It Yourself Handbook for Keyboard Playing'', p.62. ISBN 978-0-943748-00-9. "A polychord is nothing more than the playing of two chords at the same time."</ref> In shorthand they are written with the top chord above a line and the bottom chord below,<ref name="Policastro, Michael A. 1999 p.168">Policastro, Michael A. (1999). ''Understanding How to Build Guitar Chords and Arpeggios'', p.168. ISBN 978-0-7866-4443-8.</ref> for example F above C: <math>\frac{F}{C}</math>.

			The use of polychords may suggest [[polytonality\|bitonality]] or polytonality. [[parallel harmony\|Harmonic parallelism]] may suggest bichords.

			Examples may be found in [[Igor Stravinsky]]'s ''[[Petrushka]]'', p. 15, and ''[[The Rite of Spring\|Rite of Spring]]'', "Dance of the Adolescents" (1921) <ref>Reisberg, Horace (1975). "The Vertical Dimension in Twentieth Century Music", ''Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music'', p.336. Wittlich, Gary (ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-049346-5.</ref> (see [[Petrushka chord]]). They may also be found in the song "Point of No Return" from [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]]'s ''[[The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)\|The Phantom of the Opera]]'', including chords such as E{{music\|flat}}m over Fm.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/14869318/Past-the-Point-of-No-Return\|title=Past the Point of No Return\|publisher=Scribd\|accessdate=Jul 6, 2009}}</ref>

			[[Image:Polychords various over Dm.png\|thumb\|center\|400px\|Polychords: Em, EbM, EbM, and DM over Dm.<ref name="K&P">Kostka & Payne (1995). ''Tonal Harmony'', p.494. Third Edition. ISBN 0-07-035874-5.</ref> {{Audio\|Polychords various over Dm.mid\|Play}}]]

			In the polychords in the image above, the 1st, "might well suggest," a [[thirteenth chord]], the 2nd may suggest a, "d minor [[ninth chord]] with upper extensions," but the octave separation of the 3rd makes the suggestion of, "two independent triads with their a m9 apart," even more likely, and the 4th is a, "[[split-third chord]]."<ref name="K&P"/>

			[[Extended chord]]s contain more than one [[Triad (music)\|triad]], and so can be regarded as a type of polychord:

			[[Image:Thirteenth-polychord.PNG\|thumb\|center\|400px\|Separate chords within an [[extended chord]].<ref>Marquis, G. Welton (1964). ''Twentieth Century Music Idioms''. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.</ref> {{audio\|Thirteenth-polychord.mid\|Play}}]]

			[[Image:G7(sharp11b9) vs Db over G chord.png\|thumb\|G<sup>7</sup>({{music\|#}}11{{music\|b}}9) vs <math>\frac{Db}{G}</math> chord. {{audio\|G7(sharp11b9) vs Db over G chord.mid\|Play}}]]
			For example G<sup>7</sup>({{music\|#}}11{{music\|b}}9) (G-B-D-F-A{{music\|b}}-C{{music\|#}}) is formed from G major (G-B-D) and D{{music\|b}} major (D{{music\|b}}-F-A{{music\|b}}), or <math>\frac{Db}{G}</math>.<ref name="Policastro, Michael A. 1999 p.168"/> (C{{music\|#}}=D{{music\|b}})

			The [[Lydian augmented scale]], "has a polychord sound built in,"<ref>Munro, Doug (2002). ''Jazz Guitar: Bebop and Beyond'', p.36. ISBN 978-0-7579-8281-1.</ref> created by superimposing the Caug and the Emaj ({{audio\|Augmented major seventh chord on C.mid\|Play}}) and/or F{{music\|#}}dim ({{audio\|Lydian augmented polychord on C.mid\|Play}}) triads that exist in the scale, this being, "a very common practice for most [[Bebop\|bop]] and [[post-bop]] players [such as [[McCoy Tyner]]]."<ref>Munro (2002), p.38.</ref>

			Examples of extended chords include the [[Elektra chord]].

			[[Image:Park Avenue Beat polychord.png\|thumb\|right\|250px\|[[Fred Steiner]]'s 1957 ''[[Perry Mason]]'' [[theme music\|theme]], "[[Park Avenue Beat]]", ends with a DM/Cm polychord quoted by [[Frank Zappa]] in "[[Jezebel Boy]]", ''[[Broadway the Hard Way]]'' (1988) and described by Walter Everett as "juicy".<ref>Walter Everett (Autumn, 2004). "A Royal Scam: The Abstruse and Ironic Bop-Rock Harmony of Steely Dan", p.208-209, ''Music Theory Spectrum'', Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 201-235.</ref> {{Audio\|Park Avenue Beat polychord.mid\|Play}}]]

			==See also==
			* [[Secundal]]
			* [[Tertian]]
			* [[Quartal and quintal harmony\|quartal]]
			* [[Upper structure]]

			==Sources==
			{{reflist}}

			{{Chords}}

			[[Category:Chords]]
			[[Category:Post-tonal music theory]]

en>Incnis Mrsi: Reverted edits by 74.47.226.195 (talk) to last version by EnzaiBot

2012-08-28T18:55:58Z

Reverted edits by 74.47.226.195 (talk) to last version by EnzaiBot

New page

It is very common to have a dental emergency -- a fractured tooth, an abscess, or severe pain when chewing. Over-the-counter pain medication is just masking the problem. Seeing an emergency dentist is critical to getting the source of the problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible. Here are some common dental emergencies: Toothache: The most common dental emergency. This generally means a badly decayed tooth. As the pain affects the tooth's nerve, treatment involves gently removing any debris lodged in the cavity being careful not to poke deep as this will cause severe pain if the nerve is touched. Next rinse vigorously with warm water. Then soak a small piece of cotton in oil of cloves and insert it in the cavity. This will give temporary relief until a dentist can be reached. At times the pain may have a more obscure location such as decay under an old filling. As this can be only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help the pain. Administer a pain pill (aspirin or some other analgesic) internally or dissolve a tablet in a half glass (4 oz) of warm water holding it in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN. Swollen Jaw: This may be caused by several conditions the most probable being an abscessed tooth. In any case the treatment should be to reduce pain and swelling. An ice pack held on the outside of the jaw, (ten minutes on and ten minutes off) will take care of both. If this does not control the pain, an analgesic tablet can be given every four hours. Other Oral Injuries: Broken teeth, cut lips, bitten tongue or lips if severe means a trip to a dentist as soon as possible. In the mean time rinse the mouth with warm water and place cold compression the face opposite the injury. If there is a lot of bleeding, apply direct pressure to the bleeding area. If bleeding does not stop get patient to the emergency room of a hospital as stitches may be necessary. Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction: Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag over the socket and have the patient bite down gently on it for 30 to 45 minutes. The tannic acid in the tea seeps into the tissues and often helps stop the bleeding. If bleeding continues after two hours, call the dentist or take patient to the emergency room of the nearest hospital. Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient's jaw is broken, bring the upper and lower teeth together. Put a necktie, handkerchief or towel under the chin, tying it over the head to immobilize the jaw until you can get the patient to a dentist or the emergency room of a hospital. Painful Erupting Tooth: In young children teething pain can come from a loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth. Some relief can be given by crushing a little ice and wrapping it in gauze or a clean piece of cloth and putting it directly on the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts. The numbing effect of the cold, along with an appropriate dose of aspirin, usually provides temporary relief. In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar (Wisdom tooth), especially if it is impacted, can cause the jaw to swell and be quite painful. Often the gum around the tooth will show signs of infection. Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass of warm water and holding this solution in the mouth over the sore gum. AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE. The swelling of the jaw can be reduced by using an ice pack on the outside of the face at intervals of ten minutes on and ten minutes off. If you are you looking for more in regards to [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90z1mmiwNS8 Best Dentists in DC] look into our own web site.