Papyrus 3 - Revision history

en>Leszek Jańczuk: URL link

2014-10-20T20:47:56Z

URL link

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:47, 20 October 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~The results for some scales of some [[psychometric]] instruments are returned as '''sten scores''', sten being an abbreviation for 'Standard Ten'~~ and ~~thus closely related to [[stanine]] scores.~~		Andrew Simcox is the name his mothers and fathers gave him and he totally enjoys this title. The favorite pastime for him and his kids is to perform lacross and he would never give it up. For a whilst I've been in Mississippi but now I'm contemplating other choices. Invoicing is my profession.<br><br>Look into my blog - authentic psychic readings ([http://cartoonkorea.com/ce002/1093612 cartoonkorea.com])

	~~{{TOC limit}}~~

	~~== Definition ==~~
	~~A sten score indicates an individual's approximate position (as a range of values) with respect to the population of values~~ and~~, therefore, to other people in that population~~. The individual sten scores are defined by reference to a standard normal distribution. Unlike stanine scores, which have a midpoint of five, sten scores have no midpoint (the midpoint is the value 5.5). Like stanines, individual sten scores are demarcated by half standard deviations. Thus, a sten score of 5 includes all standard scores from -.5 to zero and is ~~centered at -0.25 and a sten score of 4 includes all standard scores from -1.0~~ to ~~-0.5~~ and ~~is centered at -0~~.75. A sten score of 1 includes all standard scores below -2.0. Sten scores of 6-10 "mirror" scores 5-1. The table below shows the standard scores that define stens and the percent of individuals drawn from a ~~normal distribution that would receive sten score.~~

	~~<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1">~~
	~~<caption>Standard/Z scores, percentages, and sten scores</caption>~~
	~~<tr bgcolor="#dddddd" align="center">~~
	~~<td>~~''~~'Z-scores'''</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">< -2~~.~~0</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">-2 to -1.5</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">-1.5 to -1~~.0<~~/td~~>
	<~~td width="7%"~~>-~~1.0 to -.5</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">-.5 to 0</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">0 to +.5</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">+.5 to +1.0</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">+1.0 to +1.5</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">+1.5 to +2.0</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">> +2.0</td>~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center">~~
	~~<td>'''Percent'''</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">2.3%</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">4.4%</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">9.2%</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">15.0%</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">19.2%</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">19.2%</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">15.0%</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">9.2%</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">4.4%</td>~~
	~~<td width="7%">2.3%</td>~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~<tr bgcolor="#dddddd" align="center">~~
	~~<td>'''Sten'''</td>~~
	~~<td>1</td>~~
	~~<td>2</td>~~
	~~<td>3</td>~~
	~~<td>4</td>~~
	~~<td>5</td>~~
	~~<td>6</td>~~
	~~<td>7</td>~~
	~~<td>8</td>~~
	~~<td>9</td>~~
	~~<td>10</td>~~
	~~</tr>~~
	~~</table>~~

	~~Sten scores~~ (~~for the entire population of results) have a~~ [~~[mean]] of 5.5 and a [[standard deviation]] of 2.<ref>McNab, D. et al Career Values Scale~~: ~~Manual & Users' Guide, Psychometrics Publishing, 2005~~.</~~ref>~~

	~~== Calculation of sten scores ==~~

	When the score distribution is approximately normally distributed, sten scores can be calculated by a linear transformation: (1) the scores are first standardized; (2) then multiplied by the desired standard deviation of 2; and finally, (3) the desired mean of 5.5 is added. The resulting decimal value may be used as-is or rounded to an integer.

	For example, suppose that scale scores are found to have a mean of 23.5, a standard deviation of 4.2, and to be approximately normally distributed. Then sten scores for this scale can be calculated using the formula, <math>\frac {(s - 23.5)}{4.2} 2 + 5.5</~~math>. It is also usually necessary to truncate such scores, particularly if the scores are skewed.~~

	An alternative method of calculation requires that the scale developer prepare a table to convert raw scores to sten scores by apportioning percentages according to the distribution shown in the table. For example, if the scale developer observes that raw scores 0-3 comprise 2% of the population, then these raw scores will be converted to a sten score of 1 and a raw score of 4 (and possibly 5, etc.) will be converted to a sten score of 2. This procedure is a non-linear transformation that will normalize the sten scores and usually the resulting stens will only approximate the percentages shown in the table. The [[16PF Questionnaire]] ~~uses this scoring method.<ref>Russell, M.T., & Karol, D. (2002~~)~~. The 16PF Fifth Edition administrator's manual. Champaign, IL: Institute for Personality and Ability Testing</ref>~~

	~~==See also==~~
	* [[Stanine]] - a similar system, but with 9 possible values

	~~== References ==~~
	~~<references />~~

	~~[[Category:Psychometrics]]~~

en>Leszek Jańczuk: added Category:Manuscripts of the Austrian National Library using HotCat

2013-02-27T03:48:58Z

added Category:Manuscripts of the Austrian National Library using HotCat

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:48, 27 February 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~Jayson Berryhill is how I~~'~~m known~~ as and ~~my spouse doesn't like it~~ at all. ~~For~~ a ~~whilst I~~'~~ve been in Alaska but I will~~ have ~~to move in~~ a ~~year or two~~. ~~I am presently~~ a ~~travel agent~~. ~~To climb~~ is ~~something she would~~ by ~~no means give up~~.<br><br>~~Have~~ a ~~look at my web blog~~ - ~~clairvoyants~~ ([~~http~~:/~~/formalarmour.com/index.php?do~~=~~/profile~~-~~26947~~/~~info/ find more info~~])		The results for some scales of some [[psychometric]] instruments are returned as '''sten scores''', sten being an abbreviation for 'Standard Ten' and thus closely related to [[stanine]] scores.

			{{TOC limit}}

			== Definition ==
			A sten score indicates an individual's approximate position (as a range of values) with respect to the population of values and, therefore, to other people in that population. The individual sten scores are defined by reference to a standard normal distribution. Unlike stanine scores, which have a midpoint of five, sten scores have no midpoint (the midpoint is the value 5.5). Like stanines, individual sten scores are demarcated by half standard deviations. Thus, a sten score of 5 includes all standard scores from -.5 to zero and is centered at -0.25 and a sten score of 4 includes all standard scores from -1.0 to -0.5 and is centered at -0.75. A sten score of 1 includes all standard scores below -2.0. Sten scores of 6-10 "mirror" scores 5-1. The table below shows the standard scores that define stens and the percent of individuals drawn from a normal distribution that would receive sten score.

			<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1">
			<caption>Standard/Z scores, percentages, and sten scores</caption>
			<tr bgcolor="#dddddd" align="center">
			<td>'''Z-scores'''</td>
			<td width="7%">< -2.0</td>
			<td width="7%">-2 to -1.5</td>
			<td width="7%">-1.5 to -1.0</td>
			<td width="7%">-1.0 to -.5</td>
			<td width="7%">-.5 to 0</td>
			<td width="7%">0 to +.5</td>
			<td width="7%">+.5 to +1.0</td>
			<td width="7%">+1.0 to +1.5</td>
			<td width="7%">+1.5 to +2.0</td>
			<td width="7%">> +2.0</td>
			</tr>
			<tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center">
			<td>'''Percent'''</td>
			<td width="7%">2.3%</td>
			<td width="7%">4.4%</td>
			<td width="7%">9.2%</td>
			<td width="7%">15.0%</td>
			<td width="7%">19.2%</td>
			<td width="7%">19.2%</td>
			<td width="7%">15.0%</td>
			<td width="7%">9.2%</td>
			<td width="7%">4.4%</td>
			<td width="7%">2.3%</td>
			</tr>
			<tr bgcolor="#dddddd" align="center">
			<td>'''Sten'''</td>
			<td>1</td>
			<td>2</td>
			<td>3</td>
			<td>4</td>
			<td>5</td>
			<td>6</td>
			<td>7</td>
			<td>8</td>
			<td>9</td>
			<td>10</td>
			</tr>
			</table>

			Sten scores (for the entire population of results) have a [[mean]] of 5.5 and a [[standard deviation]] of 2.<ref>McNab, D. et al Career Values Scale: Manual & Users' Guide, Psychometrics Publishing, 2005.</ref>

			== Calculation of sten scores ==

			When the score distribution is approximately normally distributed, sten scores can be calculated by a linear transformation: (1) the scores are first standardized; (2) then multiplied by the desired standard deviation of 2; and finally, (3) the desired mean of 5.5 is added. The resulting decimal value may be used as-is or rounded to an integer.

			For example, suppose that scale scores are found to have a mean of 23.5, a standard deviation of 4.2, and to be approximately normally distributed. Then sten scores for this scale can be calculated using the formula, <math>\frac {(s - 23.5)}{4.2} 2 + 5.5</math>. It is also usually necessary to truncate such scores, particularly if the scores are skewed.

			An alternative method of calculation requires that the scale developer prepare a table to convert raw scores to sten scores by apportioning percentages according to the distribution shown in the table. For example, if the scale developer observes that raw scores 0-3 comprise 2% of the population, then these raw scores will be converted to a sten score of 1 and a raw score of 4 (and possibly 5, etc.) will be converted to a sten score of 2. This procedure is a non-linear transformation that will normalize the sten scores and usually the resulting stens will only approximate the percentages shown in the table. The [[16PF Questionnaire]] uses this scoring method.<ref>Russell, M.T., & Karol, D. (2002). The 16PF Fifth Edition administrator's manual. Champaign, IL: Institute for Personality and Ability Testing</ref>

			==See also==
			* [[Stanine]] - a similar system, but with 9 possible values

			== References ==
			<references />

			[[Category:Psychometrics]]

en>Helpful Pixie Bot: ISBNs (Build KE)

2012-05-08T08:44:51Z

ISBNs (Build KE)

New page

Jayson Berryhill is how I'm known as and my spouse doesn't like it at all. For a whilst I've been in Alaska but I will have to move in a year or two. I am presently a travel agent. To climb is something she would by no means give up.<br><br>Have a look at my web blog - clairvoyants ([http://formalarmour.com/index.php?do=/profile-26947/info/ find more info])