<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
	<id>https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Universality_and_quantum_systems</id>
	<title>Universality and quantum systems - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Universality_and_quantum_systems"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Universality_and_quantum_systems&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-06-09T18:19:42Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.0-wmf.28</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Universality_and_quantum_systems&amp;diff=299073&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>en&gt;Anuragtiwari128 at 11:12, 25 November 2014</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Universality_and_quantum_systems&amp;diff=299073&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-11-25T11:12:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:12, 25 November 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Radio Journalist Wesley Lester from Vegreville, usually spends time with pursuits for instance monopoly, &lt;/del&gt;property &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;developers &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;singapore and sketching&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Has travelled ever since childhood &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;has traveled &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;many destinations, for instance  Hazor&lt;/del&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Here &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;my blog &lt;/del&gt;- [http://outsource.net/activity/p/553967/ outsource.net]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The data contained in this doc is the proprietary and unique &lt;/ins&gt;property &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of StreeSine Singapore Pte. Ltd. (&quot;&quot;SSPL&quot;&quot;) besides as &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;any other case indicated&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The information contained herein is for informational purposes solely &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;isn&#039;t supposed &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;exchange any professional advice. The views expressed are solely those of the authors&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Skies Miltonia &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a new residential condominium improvement with 420 units, 10 townhouses, 2 outlets in an expansive web site overlooking the Orchid Country Membership&#039;s Golf course View CDL&#039;s collection of launches and ready&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;to-occupy investment quality properties, or name 6877 1818 to rearrange viewing today. There are just 4 residences of 1,600 to 2,seven  &lt;/ins&gt;[http://outsource.net/activity/p/553967/ outsource.net] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hundred square toes per floor, together with one single-degree penthouse and two duplex penthouses, every with its personal swimming pool. All residences are fitted with a sublime mixture of Miele kitchen appliances and quality fittings from Steinberg, Reginox and Laufen. Sky lounges positioned at levels 27 and forty six offer yoga and massage terraces amid earthy pure supplies and water options. Singapore, 12-22 years&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;The company moved from the Singapore Exchange&#039;s Catalist board to the mainboard in February. It plans to construct two eight-storey inns, two commercial buildings and a 4-storey clubhouse on the positioning. Construction is ready to take two to 3 years. It&#039;s at all times a need in most of us to eventually ‘nest&#039; and make our dwelling someplace. Shopping for supplies you the chance to take action and offers you with the satisfaction of knowing that it belongs to you. Unfortunately, the rapid enhance in values within the property market in recent times has pushed dwelling possession to a degree where buy is on the market to the chosen few. In September 2008 the Components One Singapore Grand Prix will be held at night time on public roads around Marina Bay. See here for more info.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;It&#039;s prone to cool the resale HDB market immediately since it can remove a major supply of demand from the market,&quot; Mr. Lum of Daiwa said. The measures come as some Singaporean builders really feel the pinch from earlier curbs. Wing Tai Holdings is prone to shy from bidding in new state land tenders within the second half of this 12 months, its chairman stated Tuesday, citing considerations over latest property-market curbs and signs that the ultra-low rate of interest environment might soon finish. However prices of public and private housing nonetheless rose to data within the second quarter, despite a series of presidency curbs – including a tricky set of controls imposed in January – that began in September 2009. The company moved into its personal premises, Lee Hwa Industrial Constructing.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;In the event you&#039;re set to buy a property, all you need is to subject a verify of 1% of the promoting worth to make a proposal to purchase. Inside a interval of 3 days, the proprietor can select to decline your supply or settle for your provide. If the owner accepts your supply, your 1% $ buys you an Choice to Buy, which entitles you to purchase the property at the agreed value (bear in mind to at all times combat for reductions for the very best price). This selection normally is legitimate for 14 days. Within this time period, you may still change your mind on buying the property, and can select not exercise the option. But you&#039;ll lose that 1% you gave them.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;You&#039;ll be able to go for trusted property locators and I&#039;m positive they may aid you to seek out your dream place. when i bought stunning a peace of land plot and Martin Welch property locators group helped me in finding.This membership is not in existence now.But in Singapore many are available to help you Sim Lian Group has been creating properties for families in Singapore for over 35 years, first earning an outstanding track file in development. The Group is now recognised as an established property growth, funding and construction firm with an in depth portfolio of residential, industrial, retail and mixed-use initiatives in the area. When title of property is transferred upon authorized completion. Jalan Bukit Merah, Singapore 150167 Map ING Actual Estate&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Most of the Singaporeans reside in housing estates constructed around developed neighbourhoods. Private housing properties, apartments and condominiums are also fairly a preferred option for dwelling in Singapore. An government condominium (EC) site at Choa Chu Kang Drive has attracted a complete of six bids, with Camborne Developments Ltd submitting the highest bid of S$one hundred seventy.1 million. Extra The Act goals to present Singaporeans a stake within the country by having the ability to buy and possess their own residential property at an inexpensive value and likewise encourage international talent by permitting permanent residents and international firms who make an financial contribution to Singapore to buy such properties for their very own occupation. Monitor property builders&#039; share prices&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Philip Ng, who holds degrees in civil and geotechnical engineering as well as metropolis planning, has over the past decade or so spruced up the company in Singapore and hired many professionals. The group has developed many award-winning buildings. United Abroad Bank Group chairman Wee Cho Yaw described Mr Ng as &#039;an outdated good friend of greater than 50 years&#039; who had &#039;an intuitive aptitude for studying property cycles&#039;. Even the largest property companies in Hong Kong take their hats off to his company in Hong Kong, the place it enjoys a high standing,&#039; Mr Liew added. Ng Teng Fong, one in every of Asia&#039;s richest tycoons and the founder and chairman of Singapore&#039;s largest unlisted property group, Far East Organization, died Tuesday aged eighty two, the developer stated. SB Improvement Pte Ltd&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>en&gt;Anuragtiwari128</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Universality_and_quantum_systems&amp;diff=299072&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>en&gt;Mark viking: Fix capitalization and formatting of first two wl, moved wl to first occurrence. c/e</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Universality_and_quantum_systems&amp;diff=299072&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-02-04T18:59:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Fix capitalization and formatting of first two wl, moved wl to first occurrence. c/e&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:59, 4 February 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &#039;&#039;&#039;Dorfman-Steiner Theorem&#039;&#039;&#039; (or &#039;&#039;&#039;Dorfman-Steiner Condition&#039;&#039;&#039;) is a [[neoclassical economics]] theorem which looks &lt;/del&gt;for &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the optimal level of [[advertising]] that a [[firm]] should undertake&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; The theorem is named after [[Robert Dorfman]] &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Peter O. Steiner]] who developed the approach in their widely cited 1954 article in the &#039;&#039;[[American Economic Review]]&#039;&#039;. Firms can increase their sales by either decreasing the price of the good or persuading consumer &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;buy more by increasing advertising expenditure. The optimal level of advertising &lt;/del&gt;for &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a firm is found where the ratio of advertising to sales equals the [[price-cost margin]] times the advertising [[elasticity of demand]]. The obvious result is that the greater the degree of sensitivity of quantity demanded to advertising and the greater the margin on the extra output then the higher the level of advertising&lt;/del&gt;. &amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ref&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Dorfman, Robert, and Peter O. Steiner. (1954) Optimal Advertising and Optimal Quality. &#039;&#039;American Economic Review 44, 826-36.&lt;/del&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/ref&lt;/del&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Radio Journalist Wesley Lester from Vegreville, usually spends time with pursuits &lt;/ins&gt;for &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;instance monopoly, property developers in singapore and sketching&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Has travelled ever since childhood &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;has traveled &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;many destinations, &lt;/ins&gt;for &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;instance  Hazor&lt;/ins&gt;.&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;br&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;br&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Here &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;my blog &lt;/ins&gt;- &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[http&lt;/ins&gt;://&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;outsource.net&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;activity&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;553967&lt;/ins&gt;/ &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;outsource&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;net&lt;/ins&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A simple textbook presentation of the mathematical statement of the approach &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;as follows:&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac{p_A A}{p.q}=\frac{p&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c}{p}.e_A&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Where&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;:&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\ p_A&amp;lt;&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;math&amp;gt; is the price per unit of advertising&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\ A&amp;lt;&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;math&amp;gt; is the amount of advertising&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\ p&amp;lt;&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;math&amp;gt; is the price of the good&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\ q&amp;lt;&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;math&amp;gt; is the output of the good&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\ c&amp;lt;&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;math&amp;gt; is the average or marginal, depending on the assumptions, cost of production&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\ e_A&amp;lt;&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;math&amp;gt; is the advertising elasticity of demand.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Andréosso-O&#039;Callaghan, Bernadette, and David Jacobson. (2005)&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;Industrial economics and organisation: a European perspective&#039;&#039;. London: McGraw-Hill&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==References==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Reflist}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Industrial organization&lt;/del&gt;]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Microeconomics]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Econ-stub}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>en&gt;Mark viking</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Universality_and_quantum_systems&amp;diff=30186&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>en&gt;Meatsgains: bold article name</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Universality_and_quantum_systems&amp;diff=30186&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2013-12-11T09:18:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;bold article name&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Dorfman-Steiner Theorem&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Dorfman-Steiner Condition&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) is a [[neoclassical economics]] theorem which looks for the optimal level of [[advertising]] that a [[firm]] should undertake.  The theorem is named after [[Robert Dorfman]] and [[Peter O. Steiner]] who developed the approach in their widely cited 1954 article in the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[American Economic Review]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Firms can increase their sales by either decreasing the price of the good or persuading consumer to buy more by increasing advertising expenditure. The optimal level of advertising for a firm is found where the ratio of advertising to sales equals the [[price-cost margin]] times the advertising [[elasticity of demand]]. The obvious result is that the greater the degree of sensitivity of quantity demanded to advertising and the greater the margin on the extra output then the higher the level of advertising. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dorfman, Robert, and Peter O. Steiner. (1954) Optimal Advertising and Optimal Quality. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;American Economic Review 44, 826-36.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A simple textbook presentation of the mathematical statement of the approach is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac{p_A A}{p.q}=\frac{p-c}{p}.e_A&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Where&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\ p_A&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the price per unit of advertising&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\ A&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the amount of advertising&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\ p&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the price of the good&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\ q&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the output of the good&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\ c&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the average or marginal, depending on the assumptions, cost of production&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\ e_A&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; is the advertising elasticity of demand.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Andréosso-O&amp;#039;Callaghan, Bernadette, and David Jacobson. (2005). &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Industrial economics and organisation: a European perspective&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. London: McGraw-Hill&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Industrial organization]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Microeconomics]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Econ-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>en&gt;Meatsgains</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>