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| {{Other uses}}
| | The determine Ugg boots describes specific boot designs which can be made from diploma. For the rationale that originated from Quarterly report and immediately after this the hallmark with this firm is by possessing an US organization. The solutions of producing these boots, however, continue to be. They may possibly be designed from the identical sheepskin them to be commonly built of and then marketed all over the world. Thanks to the point were being traditionally utilised by the shepherd regional neighborhood who important to preserve their certain ft cozy. The very first occasion of these boots staying worn by people today outdoors the shepherd community was all through the 1st Planet War. The aircraft pilots essential footwear which were robust alongside with incredibly snug and comfy. These boots experienced been an perfect treatment for their particular problems.<br>These boots have grow to be a significant development symbol now. They are a rage with people today globally who basically seriously like for the explanation that. Absolutely everyone all-around the world is having up for the rise in acceptance of for the motive that. Youthful persons, outdated individuals, students, peasants, superstars- all of them are placing on owing to the fact. Barely at any time does any type of sneakers or boots unite folks from all walks of daily life. Uggs have acquired managed to reach this accomplishment. Furthermore it is declared the phrase ugg boot is a jargon commencing in Australia and that it means 'ugly'. Nicely, even if this is valid, it cannot cease the true outrageous rise in attractiveness of these sneakers. These footwear are typically an monumental strike, despite this tag of staying 'ugly'. Everyone loves for the purpose that thanks to the truth no other footwear can supply the form of warmness due to the simple fact provide. These appear in plenty of different shades, layouts and designs. It is hard to maintain every thing that in thought given that the range readily obtainable for because of to the point is truly astounding. No issue what your picked coloration is or precisely what your preferred structure is that you simply just will truly glance for a established of Ugg boot which will healthy you.<br>For gentlemen, the shades will be extra or noticeably a lot less primary and inside vintage models. For females, even so, there is truly a myriad of possibilities. Gals enjoy to place on assorted twos of trainers as perfectly as Low-priced UGG Boots with unique gowns which boots give them in which range. Also, women of all ages can buy these boots in several types. You can acquire the kinds that are ankle increased or most likely the types that get to mid-calf. Workers all of them with a rapid tight costume and you may possibly seem incredibly incredibly hot. They've developed a great conjunction with all sorts of denim denims also. If you wish to go to any form of day to day occasion and really don't truly have time to be witnessed up, all that you must have out is place on the skinny denims and also pair of due to the reality and will also be the centre of charm at the party.<br><br>If you have any type of questions relating to where and ways to utilize [http://tinyurl.com/k7shbtq uggs on sale], you could call us at our site. |
| {{Taxobox
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| | name = Walleye
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| | image = walleye painting.jpg
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| | image_width=300px
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| | regnum = [[Animal]]ia
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| | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
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| | classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
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| | ordo = [[Perciformes]]
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| | familia = [[Percidae]]
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| | genus = ''[[Sander (genus)|Sander]]''
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| | species = '''''S. vitreus'''''
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| | binomial = ''Sander vitreus''
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| | binomial_authority = ([[Samuel Latham Mitchill|Mitchill]], 1818)
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| | subdivision_ranks = [[Subspecies]]
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| | subdivision =
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| *''S. v. vitreus''
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| *''[[Sander vitreus glaucus|S. v. glaucus]]'' (extinct)
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| }}
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| '''Walleye''' (''Sander vitreus'', formerly ''Stizostedion vitreum'') is a freshwater [[perciform]] [[fish]] native to most of [[Canada]] and to the [[Northern United States]]. It is a [[North American]] close relative of the [[Europe]]an [[Zander|pikeperch]]. The walleye is sometimes called the '''yellow walleye''' to distinguish it from the [[blue walleye]], which is a subspecies that can be found in the southern Ontario and Quebec regions.<ref>http://www.lapresse.ca/le-soleil/200809/08/01-662528-le-dore-bleu-existe.php</ref>
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| In some parts of its range, the walleye is known as the '''colored pike''', '''yellow pike''' or '''pickerel''' (esp. in English-speaking Canada), although the fish is not related to other species of pikes which are members of the family [[Esox|Esocidae]].
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| Walleyes show a fair amount of variation across watersheds. In general, fish within a watershed are quite similar and are genetically distinct from those of nearby watersheds. The species has been [[Hatchery|artificially propagated]] for over a century and has been planted on top of existing populations or introduced into waters naturally devoid of the species, sometimes reducing the overall genetic distinctiveness of populations.
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| ==Meaning of the name==
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| [[File:Sander vitreus.jpg|thumb|right|287px|Walleye, ''Sander vitreus'']]
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| The common name, "walleye", comes from the fact that the fish's eyes point outward, as if looking at the walls. In medicine, the term "walleyed" (as opposed to "cross-eyed") is used to refer to lateral ''[[strabismus]]'', where the pupil deviates outward. This externally facing orientation of the eyes gives anglers an advantage in the dark because there is a certain eyeshine given off by the eye of the walleye in the dark, similar to that of lions and other night dwelling animals. This "eyeshine" is the result of a light-gathering layer in the eyes called the ''[[tapetum lucidum]]'', which allows the fish to see well in low-light conditions. In fact, many [[Angling|anglers]] look for walleyes at night since this is when major feeding patterns occur. The fish's eyes also allow them to see well in turbid waters (stained or rough, breaking waters), which gives them an advantage over their prey. Thus, walleye anglers will commonly look for days and locations where there is a good "walleye chop" (''i.e.'', rough water). This excellent vision also allows the fish to populate the deeper regions in a lake, and they can often be found in deeper water, particularly during the warmest part of the summer.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
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| ==Physical description==
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| Walleyes are largely olive and gold in colour (hence the French common name: ''doré'' — golden). The dorsal side of a walleye is olive, grading into a golden hue on the flanks. The olive/gold pattern is broken up by five darker saddles that extend to the upper sides. The colour shades to white on the belly. The mouth of a walleye is large and is armed with many sharp teeth. The first dorsal and anal fins are spinous, as is the [[Operculum (Fish)|operculum]]. Walleyes are distinguished from their close cousin the [[sauger]] by the white colouration on the lower lobe of the caudal fin which is absent on the sauger. In addition, the two dorsals and the caudal fin of the sauger are marked with distinctive rows of black dots which are absent from or indistinct on the same fins of walleyes.<ref>[http://www.in-fisherman.com/content/world-walleyes In-Fisherman – All About Walleye]</ref>
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| ==Length and weight==
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| [[File:walleye weight length graph.jpg|right|thumb|287px|Weight vs. length of walleyes]]
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| Walleyes grow to about {{convert|80|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length, and weigh up to about {{convert|9|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. The maximum recorded size for the fish is {{convert|107|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length and {{convert|11.3|kg|lb}} in weight. The growth rate depends partly on where in their range they occur, with southern populations often growing faster and larger. In general, females grow larger than males. Walleyes may live for decades; the maximum recorded age is 29 years. In heavily fished populations, however, few walleye older than five or six years of age are encountered. In North America, where they are heavily prized, their typical size when caught is on the order of {{convert|30|to|50|cm|in|abbr=on}}, substantially below their potential size.
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| As walleye grow longer, they increase in weight. The relationship between length and weight is not linear. The relationship between total length (''L'') and total weight (''W'') for nearly all species of fish can be expressed by an equation of the form
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| :<math>W = cL^b \,</math>
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| Invariably, ''b'' is close to 3.0 for all species, and ''c'' is a constant that varies among species. For walleye, ''b'' = 3.180 and ''c'' = 0.000228 (with units in inches and pounds).<ref>R. O. Anderson and R. M. Neumann, ''Length, Weight, and Associated Structural Indices, in Fisheries Techniques'', second edition, B.E. Murphy and D.W. Willis, eds., American Fisheries Society, 1996.</ref>
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| The relationship described in this section suggests a {{convert|50|cm|in|abbr=on}} walleye will weigh about {{convert|1.5|kg|abbr=on}}, while a {{convert|60|cm|in|abbr=on}} walleye will likely weigh about {{convert|2.5|kg|abbr=on}}.
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| ==Reproduction==
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| In most of the species' range, the majority of male walleyes mature at age three or four. Females normally mature about a year later. Adults migrate to tributary streams in late winter or early spring to lay eggs over gravel and rock, although there are open water [[reef]] or shoal spawning strains as well. Some populations are known to spawn on sand or on vegetation. Spawning occurs at water temperatures of {{convert|6|to|10|C|F}}. A large female can lay up to 500,000 eggs, and no care is given by the parents to the eggs or fry. The eggs are slightly adhesive and fall into spaces between rocks. The incubation period for the [[embryo]]s is temperature-dependent, but generally lasts from 12 to 30 days. After hatching, the free-swimming embryo spends about a week absorbing the relatively small amount of [[Egg (biology)#Yolk in fish|yolk]]. Once the yolk has been fully absorbed, the young walleye begins to feed on [[invertebrate]]s, such as [[Diptera|fly]] [[larva|larvæ]] and [[Plankton|zooplankton]]. After 40 to 60 days, [[juvenile (animal)|juvenile]] walleyes become [[piscivorous]]. Thenceforth, both juvenile and [[adult]] walleyes eat fish almost exclusively, frequently [[yellow perch]] or [[Cisco (fish)|ciscoes]], moving onto bars and shoals at night to feed. Walleye also feed heavily on crayfish, minnows, and leeches.
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| ==As food==
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| The walleye is considered to be a quite palatable [[Fresh water|freshwater]] fish, and, consequently, is fished [[Sport fishing|recreationally]] and [[Fishing industry|commercially]] for food.<ref name=DNR>{{cite web|title=Walleye, Sander vitreus|url=http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-10364_18958-45694--,00.html|work=Department of Natural Resources (DNR), State of Michigan|accessdate=15 March 2013}}</ref> Because of its nocturnal feeding habits, it is most easily caught at night using live minnows or lures that mimic small fish. In Minnesota the walleye is often fished for in the late afternoon on windy days. Most commercial fisheries for walleye are situated in the Canadian waters of the [[Great Lakes]].
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| == Fishing ==
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| {{Main|Walleye fishing}}
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| Because walleyes are popular with anglers, [[fishing]] for walleyes is regulated by most natural resource agencies. [[Fisheries management|Management]] may include the use of quotas and length limits to ensure that populations are not [[Overfishing|over-exploited]]. As one example, in the state of [[Michigan]], walleye shorter than {{convert|15|in|cm|abbr=on}} may not be legally kept, except in [[Lake Saint Clair (North America)|Lake St. Clair]] and the St. Clair River where fish as short as {{convert|13|in|cm|abbr=on}} may be taken.
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| Since walleyes have excellent visual acuity under low illumination levels, they tend to feed more extensively at dawn and dusk, on cloudy or overcast days and under choppy conditions when light penetration into the water column is disrupted. Although anglers interpret this as light avoidance, it is merely an expression of the walleye's competitive advantage over its prey under those conditions. Similarly, in darkly stained or [[Turbidity|turbid]] waters, walleye tend to feed throughout the day. In the spring and fall walleye are located near the shallower areas due to the spawning grounds; and they are most often located in shallower areas during higher winds due to the murkier, higher oxygenated water at around six feet deep.<ref>Joe Fellegy, Jr., Walleyes and Walleye Fishing (Dillon Press, 1974), 57, 58</ref> On calm spring days the walleye are more often located at the deep side of the shoreline drop-off and around shore slopes around or deeper than ten feet.<ref>Fellegy, 60</ref>
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| "Walleye chop" is a term used by walleye [[fisherman|anglers]] for rough water typically with winds of {{convert|10|to|25|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}, and is one of the indicators for good walleye fishing due to the walleye's increased feeding activity during such conditions. In addition to fishing the "Walleye chop", night fishing with live bait can be very effective.
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| On January 4, 2005, Father Mariusz Zajac from [[Carrot River, Saskatchewan]] caught an {{convert|18.30|lb|kg|abbr=on}} walleye while [[ice fishing]] on [[Tobin Lake]]. This walleye stands as the world record for ice fishing and had a girth of {{convert|22.5|in|cm|abbr=on}} and was {{convert|36.5|in|cm|abbr=on}} in length.<ref>[http://www.nipawin.com/fishing.php?mode=walleyerecord "World Record Walleye"], Nipawin.com. Wapiti Valley CAP.</ref>
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| ==Cultural aspects==
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| [[File:Garrison Big Fish.jpg|thumb|right|275px|Large walleye statue at [[Mille Lacs Lake|Mille Lacs]] in [[Garrison, Minnesota]]]]
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| The walleye is the state fish of [[Minnesota]] and [[South Dakota]] and the official fish of [[Saskatchewan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Saskatchewan|url=http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/symbl/101/116-eng.cfm|work=Canadian Heritage|accessdate=15 March 2013}}</ref> It is very popular with Minnesota residents; more walleye is eaten in Minnesota than in any other jurisdiction of the United States. Both [[Garrison, Minnesota|Garrison]] and [[Baudette, Minnesota]], claim to be the "Walleye Capital of the World," each with a large statue of the fish.<ref>[http://www.roadsideamerica.com/set/walleye.html "Walleyed War of the Walleye Capitals"]. RoadsideAmerica.com. Doug Kirby, Ken Smith, Mike Wilkins.</ref>
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| Winnipeg, Manitoba considers the walleye (referred to locally as "pickerel") its most important local fish. Icelandic fishermen in Lake Winnipeg have traditionally supplied the Winnipeg market.
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Wisconsin Walleye War]]
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| == References ==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| ==Further reading==
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| * {{ITIS |id=650173 |taxon=Sander vitreus |accessdate=19 March 2006}}
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| *{{cite web|title=Sander vitreus, Walleye|url=http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Sander-vitreus.html|work=Fishbase|accessdate=15 March 2013}}
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| *{{cite journal|last=Cena|first=Christopher J|coauthors=George E. Morgan, Michael D. Malette, and Daniel D. Heath|title=Inbreeding, Outbreeding and Environmental Effects on Genetic Diversity in 46 Walleye (Sander Vitreus) Populations|journal=Molecular Ecology|year=2006|volume=15|issue=2|pages=303–20}}
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| *{{cite journal|last=Grant|first=Gerold C|coauthors=Paul Radomski, and Charles S. Anderson|title=Using Underwater Video to Directly Estimate Gear Selectivity: the Retention Probability for Walleye (Sander Vitreus) in Gill Nets|journal=Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences|year=2004|volume=61|issue=2|pages=168–74}}
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| *{{cite web|last=Huppert|first=Boyd|title=Walleye or Zander? What Are You Really Eating?|url=http://kare11.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=72386|work=Kare 11|accessdate=15 March 2013|date=7 December 2004}}
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| *{{cite journal|last=Kaufman|first=Scott D.|coauthors=John M. Gunn, George E. Morgan, and Patrice Couture|title=Muscle Enzymes Reveal Walleye (Sander Vitreus) Are Less Active When Larger Prey (cisco, Coregonus Artedi) Are Present|journal=Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences|year=2006|volume=63|issue=5|pages=970–79}}
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| *{{cite journal|last=Simoneau|first=M|title=Fish Growth Rates Modulate Mercury Concentrations in Walleye (Sander Vitreus) from Eastern Canadian Lakes|journal=Environmental Research|year=2005|volume=98|issue=1|pages=73–82.}}
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| *{{cite journal|last=Suski|first=C. D.|coauthors=S. J. Cooke, S. S. Killen, D. H. Wahl, and B. L. Tufts|title=Behaviour of Walleye, Sander Vitreus, and Largemouth Bass, Micropterus Salmoides, Exposed to Different Wave Intensities and Boat Operating Conditions during Livewell Confinement|journal=Fisheries Management and Ecology|year=2005|volume=12|issue=1|pages=119–26}}
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| == External links ==
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| {{Commons category}}
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| * [http://www.gen.umn.edu/research/fish/fishes/walleye.html/ Information about Sander vitreus from the University of Minnesota]
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| * [http://www.FishOn-tario.com Informative article targeting Walleye angling]
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| * [http://www.lakescientist.com/2010/small-2010-lake-erie-walleye-hatch-predicted Small 2010 Lake Erie walleye hatch predicted]
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| [[Category:Edible fish]]
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| [[Category:Commercial fish]]
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| [[Category:Sport fish]]
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| [[Category:Fish of North America]]
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| [[Category:Fauna of the United States]]
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| [[Category:Symbols of Vermont]]
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| [[Category:Symbols of Minnesota]]
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| [[Category:Symbols of South Dakota]]
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| [[Category:Fish of the United States]]
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| [[Category:Fish of the Great Lakes]]
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| [[Category:Cuisine of Minnesota]]
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| [[Category:Animals described in 1818]]
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| [[Category:Fauna of Canada]]
| |
The determine Ugg boots describes specific boot designs which can be made from diploma. For the rationale that originated from Quarterly report and immediately after this the hallmark with this firm is by possessing an US organization. The solutions of producing these boots, however, continue to be. They may possibly be designed from the identical sheepskin them to be commonly built of and then marketed all over the world. Thanks to the point were being traditionally utilised by the shepherd regional neighborhood who important to preserve their certain ft cozy. The very first occasion of these boots staying worn by people today outdoors the shepherd community was all through the 1st Planet War. The aircraft pilots essential footwear which were robust alongside with incredibly snug and comfy. These boots experienced been an perfect treatment for their particular problems.
These boots have grow to be a significant development symbol now. They are a rage with people today globally who basically seriously like for the explanation that. Absolutely everyone all-around the world is having up for the rise in acceptance of for the motive that. Youthful persons, outdated individuals, students, peasants, superstars- all of them are placing on owing to the fact. Barely at any time does any type of sneakers or boots unite folks from all walks of daily life. Uggs have acquired managed to reach this accomplishment. Furthermore it is declared the phrase ugg boot is a jargon commencing in Australia and that it means 'ugly'. Nicely, even if this is valid, it cannot cease the true outrageous rise in attractiveness of these sneakers. These footwear are typically an monumental strike, despite this tag of staying 'ugly'. Everyone loves for the purpose that thanks to the truth no other footwear can supply the form of warmness due to the simple fact provide. These appear in plenty of different shades, layouts and designs. It is hard to maintain every thing that in thought given that the range readily obtainable for because of to the point is truly astounding. No issue what your picked coloration is or precisely what your preferred structure is that you simply just will truly glance for a established of Ugg boot which will healthy you.
For gentlemen, the shades will be extra or noticeably a lot less primary and inside vintage models. For females, even so, there is truly a myriad of possibilities. Gals enjoy to place on assorted twos of trainers as perfectly as Low-priced UGG Boots with unique gowns which boots give them in which range. Also, women of all ages can buy these boots in several types. You can acquire the kinds that are ankle increased or most likely the types that get to mid-calf. Workers all of them with a rapid tight costume and you may possibly seem incredibly incredibly hot. They've developed a great conjunction with all sorts of denim denims also. If you wish to go to any form of day to day occasion and really don't truly have time to be witnessed up, all that you must have out is place on the skinny denims and also pair of due to the reality and will also be the centre of charm at the party.
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