|
|
| (One intermediate revision by one other user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{About|the Greek upsilon|the Latin upsilon|ʊ}}
| | Other individuals will benefit from a fat reduction supplement. These are people that have reached a plateau of fat loss. Supplements are utilized in this case to aid drop these stubborn pounds.<br><br><br><br>Weight loss pills reduce the weight to a remarkable extent and turn the body structure of the individual to the previous level. Most of individuals with hasten lifetime style employ fat reduction pill to decrease their heavy weight. However major condition is ordering the proper and reliable medications from the counter. There are many fraud products intending to cheat individuals and create money. Such type of treatments usually be harmful to the body and health. People must keep a step away from such treatments plus patches. Next how will you find out authentic weight reduction pills. Don't worry; we are here to aid we!<br><br>The Body Mass Index (BMI) is the mostly accepted measure of body fat against muscle (lean body mass). It is not a precise measuring plus frequently refuses to consider those with very muscular physiques, yet as a ball park figure to evaluate a weight it is very worthwhile. A Brief look found on the internet might find we an online [http://safedietplans.com/calories-burned-walking calories burned while walking].<br><br>The calories burned walking calculator assumes an normal way of living to start with. This means it assumes that you only are, to the most part, sedentary, with almost all of your bodily exercise coming from strolling, working etc. It equally assumes you try to eat a standard modern diet, that because you know at this point are not all which wonderful for keeping off the undesirable lbs.<br><br>A favored fad diet is not normally meant for permanent fat loss considering it does not deal with the principal problem, which could be bodily or emotional. The diets normally last from 24 hours to one week and serve basic reasons, like, wanting to match into a particular dress or the favorite jeans.<br><br>Be which as it will, it's still the easiest means of determining whether an individual is underweight, overweight or obese- conditions which necessitate a see to one's healthcare provider to determine what changes may be made in terms of life-style plus dietary practices.<br><br>Fat burners are a dietary pill or drugs or supplement depending on the product inside question. The fat burners are created to grow your vitality level to do several aspects, should you are dieting and feel a shortage of power they can drive up the stamina levels to let you to keep dieting and not feel overly tired. They moreover artificially stimulate a metabolism plus body temperature is increased making we sweat plus become thirsty. This will assist we lose fat should you just always lessen the calorie intake below your upkeep level. |
| {{Redirect|Ypsilon|the bridge in Drammen, Norway|Ypsilon (bridge)|the car model|Lancia Ypsilon}}
| |
| {{pp-semi-indef}}
| |
| | |
| {{Wiktionary|Υ|υ}}
| |
| {{Greek Alphabet|letter=upsilon}}
| |
| | |
| '''Upsilon''' (uppercase '''Υ''', lowercase '''υ'''; {{lang-el|Ύψιλον}}, Úpsilon) is the 20th letter of the [[Greek alphabet]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]] it has a value of 400. It is derived from the [[phoenecian alphabet|Phoenician]] [[Waw (letter)|waw]] [[Image:Phoenician waw.svg|20px]]. The name of the letter is pronounced {{IPA-el|ˈipsilon|}} in [[Modern Greek]], and in English {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ʌ|p|s|ɨ|l|ɒ|n}}, {{IPAc-en|UK|juː|p|ˈ|s|aɪ|l|ən}} {{respell|yewp|SY|lən}}, or {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|juː|p|s|ɨ|l|ɒ|n}} {{respell|YEWP|sə-lon}}. It is occasionally called "ypsilon" ({{IPA|/ˈɪpsɨlɒn/}}) in English after its rendering in Latin, where the Greek upsilon corresponded with the [[Y|letter Y]].
| |
| | |
| [[File:NAMA Alphabet grec.jpg|thumb|The Greek alphabet on a [[black figure]] vessel, with a V-shaped upsilon.]]
| |
| | |
| ==Etymology==
| |
| The name of the letter was originally just “υ” (''y''; also called ''hy'', hence "[[Hyoid bone|hyoid]]", meaning "shaped like the letter υ"), but the name changed to “υ ψιλόν”, (''u psilon'', meaning 'simple u') to distinguish it from οι, which had come to have the same {{IPA|[y]}} pronunciation.<ref>See [[W. Sidney Allen]], ''Vox Graeca'', 3rd ed., Cambridge 1987, p. 69.</ref>
| |
| | |
| ==Pronunciation==
| |
| In early Greek it was pronounced like English ''oo'' {{IPAblink|u|}}. In [[Ancient Greek language|Classical Greek]], it was pronounced like French ''u'' or German ''ü'', {{IPAblink|y|}}—a sound that is not found in most dialects of [[English language|English]]. This was the case at least until the year 1030AD.<ref>F. Lauritzen, Michael the Grammarian's irony about Hypsilon. A step towards roeconstructing byzantine pronunciation ''Byzantinoslavica'', 67 (2009)</ref> In [[Modern Greek]] it is pronounced like continental ''i'' or English ''ee'', {{IPAblink|i|}}, and in [[diphthongs]], {{IPA|[f]}} or {{IPA|[v]}}. In ancient Greek, it occurred in both long and short versions, but this distinction has been lost in Modern Greek.
| |
| | |
| As an initial letter in Classical Greek it always carried the [[rough breathing]] (equivalent to ''h'') as reflected in the many [[English words of Greek origin|Greek-derived English words]], such as those that begin with ''hyper-'' and ''hypo-''. This rough breathing was derived from an older pronunciation that used a [[Sibilant consonant|sibilant]] instead; this sibilant was not lost in Latin, giving rise to such cognates as ''super-'' (for ''hyper-'') and ''sub-'' (for ''hypo-'').
| |
| | |
| Upsilon participated as the second element in [[falling diphthong]]s, which have subsequently developed in various ways: For instance, after alpha or epsilon it is pronounced [f] or [v].
| |
| | |
| ==Correspondence with Latin Y==
| |
| | |
| The usage of [[Y]] in Latin dates back to the first century BC. It was used to transcribe loanwords from Greek, so it was not a native sound of Latin and was usually pronounced /u/ or /i/. The latter pronunciation was the most common in the Classical period and was used by most people except the educated ones. The [[Roman Emperor]] [[Claudius]] proposed introducing a [[Claudian letters|new letter]] into the [[Latin alphabet]] to transcribe the so-called ''sonus medius'' (a short vowel before labial consonants), but in inscriptions, the new letter was sometimes used for Greek upsilon instead.
| |
| | |
| Four letters of the [[Latin alphabet]] arose from it: [[V]] and [[Y]] and, much later, [[U]] and [[W]]. In the [[Cyrillic script]], the letters [[U (Cyrillic)|U]] (У, у) and [[Izhitsa]] (Ѵ, ѵ) arose from it.
| |
| | |
| In some languages (most notably [[German language|German]]), the name ''upsilon'' (''Ypsilon'' in German, ''ípsilon'' in Portuguese) is used to refer to the Latin letter '''Y''' as well as the Greek letter.
| |
| | |
| == Usage ==
| |
| * In [[particle physics]] the capital Greek letter Υ denotes an [[Upsilon particle]]. Note that the symbol should always look like <math>\,\Upsilon</math> in order to avoid confusion with a Latin Y denoting the [[hypercharge]].
| |
| * Automobile manufacturer [[Lancia]] has a model called the Ypsilon. See [[Lancia Ypsilon]].
| |
| * In [[linguistics]], the symbol is used to represent a [[labiodental approximant]].
| |
| * In [[astrophysics]] and [[physical cosmology]], <math>\Upsilon</math> refers to the [[mass-to-light ratio]].<ref>Mihalas and McRae (1968), ''Galactic Astronomy'' (W. H. Freeman)</ref>
| |
| | |
| ==Symbolism==
| |
| [[File:Geoffrey Tory Ypsilon.jpg|thumb|[[Geoffroy Tory]] Ypsilon]]
| |
| Upsilon is known as Pythagoras' letter, or the Samian letter, because [[Pythagoras]] used it as an emblem of the path of virtue or vice.<ref>Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham. ''The reader's handbook of famous names in fiction, allusions, references, proverbs, plots, stories, and poems'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=n3kjAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA956&q=%22samian%20letter%22 Vol. 2, p. 956]. Lippincott, 1899.</ref> As the Roman writer [[Persius]] wrote in Satire III:
| |
| :"and the letter which spreads out into Pythagorean branches has pointed out to you the steep path which rises on the right."<ref>{{cite book|first=Persius|title=Satires|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/juvenalpersiuswi00juveuoft/juvenalpersiuswi00juveuoft_djvu.txt|authorlink=Persius}}</ref>
| |
| [[Lactantius]], an early Christian author (ca. 240 – ca. 320), refers to this:
| |
| :"For they say that the course of human life resembles the letter Y, because every one of men, when he has reached the threshold of early youth, and has arrived at the place "where the way divides itself into two parts," is in doubt, and hesitates, and does not know to which side he should rather turn himself."<ref>{{cite book|first=Lactatius|title=The Divine Institutes|pages=Book VI Chapter III|url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ante-Nicene_Fathers/Volume_VII/Lactantius/The_Divine_Institutes/Book_VI/Chap._III|authorlink=Lactantius}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| ==Character Encodings==
| |
| | |
| * Greek Upsilon
| |
| | |
| {{charmap
| |
| |03A5|name1=Greek Capital Letter Upsilon
| |
| |03C5|name2=Greek Small Letter Upsilon
| |
| |03D2|name3=Greek Upsilon with Hook Symbol
| |
| |map2=DOS Greek|map2char1=94|map2char2=AC
| |
| |map3=DOS Greek-2|map3char1=D1|map3char2=EF
| |
| |map4=Windows 1253|map4char1=D5|map4char2=F5
| |
| |namedref1=[[TeX]]|ref1char1=\Upsilon|ref1char2=\upsilon
| |
| }}
| |
| <ref>Unicode Code Charts: [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0370.pdf Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370-03FF)]</ref>
| |
| | |
| * Coptic Ua
| |
| | |
| {{charmap
| |
| |2CA8|name1=Coptic Capital Letter Ua
| |
| |2CA9|name2=Coptic Small Letter Ua
| |
| }}
| |
| | |
| * Latin Upsilon
| |
| | |
| {{charmap
| |
| |01B1|name1=Latin Capital Letter Upsilon
| |
| |028A|name2=Latin Small Letter Upsilon
| |
| |1DB7|name3=Modifier Letter Small Upsilon
| |
| |1D7F|name4=Latin Small Letter Upsilon with Stroke
| |
| }}
| |
| | |
| * Mathematical Upsilon
| |
| | |
| {{charmap
| |
| |1D6BC|name1=Mathematical Bold<br />Capital Upsilon
| |
| |1D6D6|name2=Mathematical Bold<br />Small Upsilon
| |
| |1D6F6|name3=Mathematical Italic<br />Capital Upsilon
| |
| |1D710|name4=Mathematical Italic<br />Small Upsilon
| |
| |1D730|name5=Mathematical Bold Italic<br />Capital Upsilon
| |
| |1D74A|name6=Mathematical Bold Italic<br />Small Upsilon
| |
| }}
| |
| | |
| {{charmap
| |
| |1D76A|name1=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Capital Upsilon
| |
| |1D784|name2=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Small Upsilon
| |
| |1D7A4|name3=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Italic Capital Upsilon
| |
| |1D7BE|name4=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Italic Small Upsilon
| |
| }}
| |
| | |
| These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.
| |
| | |
| == Notes ==
| |
| {{Reflist}}
| |
| | |
| ==External links==
| |
| * {{cite web|last=Merrifield|first=Michael|title=γ – Mass to Light Ratio|url=http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/masstolight.htm|work=Sixty Symbols|publisher=[[Brady Haran]] for the [[University of Nottingham]]|year=2009}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Greek letters]]
| |
| [[Category:Vowel letters]]
| |
Other individuals will benefit from a fat reduction supplement. These are people that have reached a plateau of fat loss. Supplements are utilized in this case to aid drop these stubborn pounds.
Weight loss pills reduce the weight to a remarkable extent and turn the body structure of the individual to the previous level. Most of individuals with hasten lifetime style employ fat reduction pill to decrease their heavy weight. However major condition is ordering the proper and reliable medications from the counter. There are many fraud products intending to cheat individuals and create money. Such type of treatments usually be harmful to the body and health. People must keep a step away from such treatments plus patches. Next how will you find out authentic weight reduction pills. Don't worry; we are here to aid we!
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is the mostly accepted measure of body fat against muscle (lean body mass). It is not a precise measuring plus frequently refuses to consider those with very muscular physiques, yet as a ball park figure to evaluate a weight it is very worthwhile. A Brief look found on the internet might find we an online calories burned while walking.
The calories burned walking calculator assumes an normal way of living to start with. This means it assumes that you only are, to the most part, sedentary, with almost all of your bodily exercise coming from strolling, working etc. It equally assumes you try to eat a standard modern diet, that because you know at this point are not all which wonderful for keeping off the undesirable lbs.
A favored fad diet is not normally meant for permanent fat loss considering it does not deal with the principal problem, which could be bodily or emotional. The diets normally last from 24 hours to one week and serve basic reasons, like, wanting to match into a particular dress or the favorite jeans.
Be which as it will, it's still the easiest means of determining whether an individual is underweight, overweight or obese- conditions which necessitate a see to one's healthcare provider to determine what changes may be made in terms of life-style plus dietary practices.
Fat burners are a dietary pill or drugs or supplement depending on the product inside question. The fat burners are created to grow your vitality level to do several aspects, should you are dieting and feel a shortage of power they can drive up the stamina levels to let you to keep dieting and not feel overly tired. They moreover artificially stimulate a metabolism plus body temperature is increased making we sweat plus become thirsty. This will assist we lose fat should you just always lessen the calorie intake below your upkeep level.