|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| [[File:Rezultanta.JPG|thumb|500px|Graphical placing of the resultant force]] | | [https://Www.flickr.com/search/?q=Adrianne Adrianne] is what you is going to call me but I don't like when people use my full nick name. What I cherish doing is fish are suffering from acne and I'll be [http://www.reddit.com/r/howto/search?q=building building] something else along together with. Filing is probably my day job but but soon I'll possibly be on my own. Vermont is carrying always been my does not place and I will have everything that I need here. Go to simple website to find from more: http://circuspartypanama.com<br><br>Here is my web-site: [http://circuspartypanama.com clash of clans cheat] |
| '''Resultant forces''' refers to the reduction of a system of [[forces]] acting on a body to a single force and an associated torque. The choice of the point of application of the force determines the associated torque.<ref>H. Dadourian, [http://books.google.com/books?id=yHIOjycr8H4C&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=analytical+dynamics+resultant+of+forces+and+torques&source=bl&ots=EktYFECIX2&sig=wK8JU2ozIhncDFzTVcmoJbPc2h4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mpMZULaIEMiWiALqt4CoCA&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=analytical%20dynamics%20resultant%20of%20forces%20and%20torques&f=false ''Analytical Mechanics for Students of Physics and Engineering,''] Van Nostrand Co., Boston, MA 1913</ref> The term ''resultant force'' should be understood to refer to both the forces and torques acting on a rigid body, which is why some use the term resultant force-torque.
| |
| | |
| The resultant force, or resultant force-torque, fully replaces the effects of all forces on the motion of the rigid body they act upon.
| |
| | |
| ==Associated torque==
| |
| If a point '''R''' is selected as the point of application of the resultant force '''F''' of a system of ''n'' forces '''F'''<sub>i</sub> then the associated torque '''T''' is determined from the formulas
| |
| :<math> \mathbf{F} = \sum_{i=1}^n \mathbf{F}_i,</math>
| |
| and | |
| :<math> \mathbf{T} = \sum_{i=1}^n (\mathbf{R}_i-\mathbf{R})\times \mathbf{F}_i. </math>
| |
| | |
| It is useful to note that the point of application '''R''' of the resultant force may be anywhere along the line of action of '''F''' without changing the value of the associated torque. To see this add the vector k'''F''' to the point of application '''R''' in the calculation of the associated torque,
| |
| :<math> \mathbf{T} = \sum_{i=1}^n (\mathbf{R}_i-(\mathbf{R}+k\mathbf{F}))\times \mathbf{F}_i. </math> | |
| The right side of this equation can be separated into the original;formula for '''T''' plus the additional term including k'''F''',
| |
| :<math> \mathbf{T} = \sum_{i=1}^n (\mathbf{R}_i-\mathbf{R})\times \mathbf{F}_i - \sum_{i=1}^n k\mathbf{F}\times \mathbf{F}_i. </math>
| |
| Now because '''F''' is the sum of the vectors '''F'''<sub>i</sub> this additional term is zero, that is
| |
| :<math>\sum_{i=1}^n k\mathbf{F}\times \mathbf{F}_i = k\mathbf{F}\times(\sum_{i=1}^n \mathbf{F}_i )=0,</math>
| |
| and the value of the associated torque is unchanged.
| |
| | |
| ===Torque-free resultant=== | |
| it is useful to consider whether there is a point of application '''R''' such that the associated torque is zero. This point is defined by property
| |
| :<math> \mathbf{R} \times \mathbf{F} = \sum_{i=1}^n \mathbf{R}_i \times \mathbf{F}_i, </math>
| |
| where '''F''' is resultant force and '''F'''<sub>i</sub> form the system of forces.
| |
| | |
| Notice that this equation for '''R''' has a solution only if the sum of the individual torques on the right side yield a vector that is perpendicular to '''F'''. Thus, the condition that a system of forces has a torque-free resultant can be written as
| |
| :<math>\mathbf{F}\cdot(\sum_{i=1}^n \mathbf{R}_i \times \mathbf{F}_i )=0.</math>
| |
| If this condition is not satisfied, then the system of forces includes a pure torque.
| |
| | |
| The diagram illustrates simple graphical methods for finding the line of application of the resultant force of simple planar systems.
| |
| #Lines of application of the actual forces <math>\scriptstyle \vec{F}_{1}</math> and <math>\scriptstyle \vec{F}_{2}</math> on the leftmost illustration intersect. After vector addition is performed "at the location of <math>\scriptstyle \vec{F}_{1}</math>", the net force obtained is translated so that its line of application passes through the common intersection point. With respect to that point all torques are zero, so the torque of the resultant force <math>\scriptstyle \vec{F}_{R}</math> is equal to the sum of the torques of the actual forces.
| |
| #Illustration in the middle of the diagram shows two parallel actual forces. After vector addition "at the location of <math>\scriptstyle \vec{F}_{2}</math>", the net force is translated to the appropriate line of application, where it becomes the resultant force <math>\scriptstyle \vec{F}_{R}</math>. The procedure is based on decomposition of all forces into components for which the lines of application (pale dotted lines) intersect at one point (the so-called pole, arbitrarily set at the right side of the illustration). Then the arguments from the previous case are applied to the forces and their components to demonstrate the torque relationships.
| |
| #The rightmost illustration shows a [[couple (mechanics)|couple]], two equal but opposite forces for which the amount of the net force is zero, but they produce the net torque <math> \scriptstyle \tau = Fd </math> where <math> \scriptstyle \ d </math> is the distance between their lines of application. This is "pure" torque, since there is no resultant force.
| |
| | |
| ==Wrench==
| |
| The forces and torques acting on a rigid body can be assembled into the pair of vectors called a [[Wrench (screw theory)|''wrench'']].<ref>R. M. Murray, Z. Li, and S. Sastry, [http://books.google.com/books?id=D_PqGKRo7oIC&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=screw+theory+wrench&source=bl&ots=djPkCiYbpx&sig=pRSbDjrT2ZBBu3H_tknhlT4HbGY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=n5QZUM3sOqLqiwL04oHYAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=screw%20theory%20wrench&f=false ''A Mathematical Introduction to Robotic Manipulation,''] CRC Press, 1994</ref> Let ''P'' be the point of application of the force '''F''' and let '''R''' be the vector locating this point in a fixed frame. Then the pair of vectors W=('''F''', '''R'''×'''F''') is called a ''wrench''. Vectors of this form are known as screws and their mathematics formulation is called [[screw theory]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Qu9IAAAAMAAJ&ots=wwsm6pBaJa&dq=The%20theory%20of%20screws%3A%20A%20study%20in%20the%20dynamics%20of%20a%20rigid%20body&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=false R. S. Ball, ''The Theory of Screws: A study in the dynamics of a rigid body'', Hodges, Foster & Co., 1876]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jv9mQyjRIw4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=geometric+design+of+linkages&hl=en&ei=3L_5TcvZGaHV0QG2wMiDAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false J. M. McCarthy and G. S. Soh, ''Geometric Design of Linkages''. 2nd Edition, Springer 2010]</ref>
| |
|
| |
| The resultant force and torque on a rigid body obtained from a system of forces '''F'''<sub>i</sub> i=1,...,n, is simply the sum of the individual wrenches W<sub>i</sub>, that is
| |
| | |
| :<math> \mathsf{W} = \sum_{i=1}^n \mathsf{W}_i = \sum_{i=1}^n (\mathbf{F}_i, \mathbf{R}_i\times\mathbf{F}_i). </math>
| |
| Notice that the case of two equal but opposite forces '''F''' and '''-F''' acting at points '''A''' and '''B''' respectively, yields the resultant W=('''F'''-'''F''', '''A'''×'''F''' - '''B'''× '''F''') = (0, ('''A'''-'''B''')×'''F'''). This shows that wrenches of the form W=(0, '''T''') can be interpreted as pure torques.
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist}}
| |
| | |
| <!-- -->
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Force]]
| |
| [[Category:Dynamics]]
| |
Adrianne is what you is going to call me but I don't like when people use my full nick name. What I cherish doing is fish are suffering from acne and I'll be building something else along together with. Filing is probably my day job but but soon I'll possibly be on my own. Vermont is carrying always been my does not place and I will have everything that I need here. Go to simple website to find from more: http://circuspartypanama.com
Here is my web-site: clash of clans cheat