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| | Andrew Berryhill is what his spouse enjoys to call him and he completely digs that title. What me and my family members adore is bungee jumping but I've been taking on new issues lately. For a whilst I've been in Alaska but I will have to move in a year or two. I am presently a journey agent.<br><br>my site: free online tarot card readings ([http://ltreme.com/index.php?do=/profile-127790/info/ ltreme.com]) |
| | verifiedrevid = 399346050
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| | ImageFile = ABTS.png
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| | ImageSize =
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| | IUPACName = 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)
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| | OtherNames =
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| | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
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| | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
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| | ChemSpiderID = 4576521
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| | InChI = 1/C18H18N4O6S4/c1-3-21-13-7-5-11(31(23,24)25)9-15(13)29-17(21)19-20-18-22(4-2)14-8-6-12(32(26,27)28)10-16(14)30-18/h5-10H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,23,24,25)(H,26,27,28)/b19-17-,20-18+
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| | InChIKey = ZTOJFFHGPLIVKC-YAFCTCPEBW
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| | SMILES1 = O=S(=O)(O)c1ccc2N(C(\Sc2c1)=N\N=C4\Sc3cc(ccc3N4CC)S(=O)(=O)O)CC
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| | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
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| | StdInChI = 1S/C18H18N4O6S4/c1-3-21-13-7-5-11(31(23,24)25)9-15(13)29-17(21)19-20-18-22(4-2)14-8-6-12(32(26,27)28)10-16(14)30-18/h5-10H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,23,24,25)(H,26,27,28)/b19-17-,20-18+
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| | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
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| | StdInChIKey = ZTOJFFHGPLIVKC-YAFCTCPESA-N
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| | CASNo = 30931-67-0
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| | PubChem =
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| | SMILES = CCN1/C(Sc2cc(ccc12)S(O)(=O)=O)=N/N=C/3Sc4cc(ccc4N3CC)S(O)(=O)=O
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| }}
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| | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
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| | Formula = C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>18</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub>S<sub>4</sub>
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| | MolarMass = 514.62 g/mol
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| | Appearance =
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| | Density =
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| | MeltingPt =
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| | BoilingPt =
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| | Solubility =
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| }}
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| | Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
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| | MainHazards =
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| | FlashPt =
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| | Autoignition =
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| | RPhrases = {{R36}} {{R37}} {{R38}}
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| | SPhrases = {{S26}}-{{S36}}
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| }}
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| }}
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| In [[biochemistry]], '''2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)''' or '''ABTS''' is chemical compound used to observe the [[enzyme kinetics|reaction kinetics]] of specific [[enzyme]]s. A common use for it is in the [[enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay]] ([[ELISA]]) to detect for binding of molecules to each other.
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| It is commonly used as a [[substrate (biochemistry)|substrate]] with [[hydrogen peroxide]] for a [[peroxidase]] enzyme or alone with blue [[multicopper oxidase]] enzymes such as [[laccase]] or [[bilirubin oxidase]]. Its use allows the reaction kinetics of [[peroxidases]] themselves to be followed. In this way it also can be used to indirectly follow the reaction kinetics of any [[hydrogen peroxide]]-producing enzyme, or to simply quantify the amount of hydrogen peroxide in a sample.
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| <!--<math>ABTS + H_2O_2 \overrightarrow{_{HRP}} ABTS^+ + H_2O</math>-->
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| The formal reduction potentials for ABTS are high enough for it to act as an electron donor for the reduction of oxo species such as molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, particularly at the less-extreme pH values encountered in biological catalysis. Under these conditions, the sulfonate groups are fully deprotonated and the mediator exists as a dianion.
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| :ABTS<sup>–·</sup> + e<sup>–</sup> → ABTS<sup>2–</sup> [[Reduction potential|E°′]] = 0.67 V vs [[Standard hydrogen electrode|SHE]]
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| :ABTS + e<sup>–</sup> → ABTS<sup>–·</sup> [[Reduction potential|E°′]] = 1.08 V vs [[Standard hydrogen electrode|SHE]]<ref>{{Citation | |
| | last = Bourbonnais
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| | first = Robert
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| | author-link =
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| | last2 = Leech
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| | first2 = Dónal
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| | author2-link =
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| | last3 = Paice
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| | first3 = Michael G.
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| | author3-link =
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| | title = Electrochemical analysis of the interactions of laccase mediators with lignin model compounds
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| | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects
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| | volume = 1379
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| | issue = 3
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| | pages = 381–390
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| | date = 1998-03-02
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| | url =
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| | doi = 10.1016/S0304-4165(97)00117-7
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| | id = }}</ref>
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| | |
| This compound is chosen because the enzyme facilitates the reaction with hydrogen peroxide, turning it into a green and [[solubility|soluble]] end-product. Its new [[absorbance]] maximum of 420 nm [[light]] (ε = 3.6 × 10<sup>4</sup> M<sup>–1</sup> cm<sup>–1</sup>)<ref>{{Citation
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| | last = Shin
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| | first = Kwang-Soo
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| | author-link =
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| | last2 = Lee
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| | first2 = Yeo-Jin
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| | author2-link =
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| | title = Purification and Characterization of a New Member of the Laccase Family from the White-Rot Basidiomycete ''Coriolus hirsutus''
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| | journal = Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
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| | volume = 384
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| | issue = 1
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| | pages = 109–115
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| | date = 2000-12-01
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| | url =
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| | doi = 10.1006/abbi.2000.2083
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| | id = }}</ref> can easily be followed with a [[spectrophotometer]], a common laboratory instrument.
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| It is sometimes used as part of a [[glucose]] estimating [[reagent]] when finding glucose concentrations of solutions such as [[blood serum]].
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| ABTS is also frequently used by the food industry and agricultural researchers to measure the [[antioxidant]] capacities of foods.<ref>{{Citation
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| | last = Huang
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| | first = Dejian
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| | author-link =
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| | last2 = Ou
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| | first2 = Boxin
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| | author2-link =
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| | last3 = Prior
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| | first3 = Donald L.
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| | author3-link =
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| | title = The Chemistry Behind Antioxidant Capacity Assays
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| | journal = J. Agric. Food Chem.
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| | volume = 53
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| | issue = 6
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| | pages = 1841–1856
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| | date = 2005-02-25
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| | url =
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| | doi = 10.1021/jf030723c
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| | id =
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| | pmid=15769103}}</ref> In this assay, ABTS is converted to its radical cation by addition of [[sodium persulfate]]. This radical cation is blue in color and absorbs light at 734 nm.<ref>{{Citation
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| | last = Re
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| | first = Roberta
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| | author-link =
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| | last2 = Pellegrini
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| | first2 = Nicoletta
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| | author2-link =
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| | last3 = Proteggente
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| | first3 = Anna
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| | author3-link =
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| | last4 = Pannala
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| | first4 = Ananth
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| | author4-link =
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| | last5 = Rice-Evans
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| | first5 = Catherine
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| | author5-link =
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| | title = Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay
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| | journal = Free Radical Biology and Medicine
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| | volume = 26
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| | issue = 9-10
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| | pages = 1231–1237
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| | date = 1999-06-02
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| | url =
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| | doi = 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
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| | id = }}</ref> The ABTS radical cation is reactive towards most antioxidants including [[polyphenol|phenolics]], [[thiols]] and [[Vitamin C]].<ref>{{Citation
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| | last = Walker
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| | first = Richard B.
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| | author-link =
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| | last2 = Everette
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| | first2 = Jace D.
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| | author2-link =
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| | title = Comparative Reaction Rates of Various Antioxidants with ABTS Radical Cation
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| | journal = J. Agric. Food Chem.
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| | volume = 57
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| | issue = 4
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| | pages = 1156–1161
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| | date = 2009-01-29
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| | url =
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| | doi = 10.1021/jf8026765
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| | id =
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| | pmid=19199590}}</ref> During this reaction, the blue ABTS radical cation is converted back to its colorless neutral form. The reaction may be monitored spectrophotometrically. This assay is often referred to as the [[Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity]] (TEAC) assay. The reactivity of the various antioxidants tested are compared to that of [[Trolox]], which is a water-soluble analog of [[vitamin E]].<ref>{{Citation
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| | last = Barclay
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| | first = L. R. C.
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| | author-link =
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| | last2 = Locke
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| | first2 = S. J.
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| | author2-link =
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| | last3 = MacNeil
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| | first3 = J. M.
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| | author3-link =
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| | title = Autoxidation in micelles - Synergism of Vitamin-C with Lipid-Soluble Vitamin-E and Water-Soluble Trolox
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| | journal = Can. J. Chem.
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| | volume = 63
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| | issue = 2
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| | pages = 366–374
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| | date =
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| | year = 1985
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| | url =
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| | doi =
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| | id = }}</ref>
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| | |
| == References ==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Abts}}
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| [[Category:Biochemistry methods]]
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| [[Category:Enzyme kinetics]]
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| [[Category:Sulfonic acids]]
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Andrew Berryhill is what his spouse enjoys to call him and he completely digs that title. What me and my family members adore is bungee jumping but I've been taking on new issues lately. For a whilst I've been in Alaska but I will have to move in a year or two. I am presently a journey agent.
my site: free online tarot card readings (ltreme.com)