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| [[File:High accuracy settling time measurements figure 1.png|thumb|right|Settling time is the time required for an output to reach and remain within a given error band following some input stimulus.]]
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| The '''settling time''' of an [[amplifier]] or other output device is the time elapsed from the application of an ideal instantaneous step input to the time at which the amplifier output has entered and remained within a specified [[error]] band, usually symmetrical about the final value. | |
| Settling time includes a very brief [[propagation delay]], plus the time required for the output to slew to the vicinity of the final value, recover from the overload condition associated with [[Slew rate|slew]], and finally settle to within the specified error.
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| Systems with energy storage cannot respond instantaneously and will exhibit transient responses when they are subjected to inputs or disturbances.<ref>[Modern Control Engineering (5th Edition), Katsuhiko Ogata]</ref>
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| == Definition ==
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| Tay, Mareels and Moore (1997) defined settling time as "the time required for the response curve to reach and stay within a range of certain percentage (usually 5% or 2%) of the final value."<ref>{{Cite book| title = High performance control | last = Tay | first = Teng-Tiow | coauthors = Iven Mareels, John B. Moore | publisher = Birkhäuser | year = 1997 | isbn = 0-8176-4004-5 | page = 93}}</ref>
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| == Mathematical detail ==
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| Settling time depends on the system response and [[time constant]].
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| The settling time for a 2nd order, underdamped system responding to a [[step response]] can be approximated if the damping ratio <math>\zeta \ll 1</math> by
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| <math> T_s = -\frac{\ln (\text{tolerance fraction})}{\text{damping ratio} \times \text{natural freq}} </math> | |
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| Thus, settling time to within 2% = 0.02 is:
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| <math>T_s = -\frac{\ln(0.02)}{\zeta \omega_n}\approx\frac{3.9}{\zeta \omega_n}</math>
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| == References ==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Rise time]]
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| * [[Step response]]
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| * [[Time constant]]
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| ==External links==
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| {{wikisourcehas|a paper on settling time measurements.|[[Wikisource:High accuracy settling time measurements]]}}
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| * [http://bass.gmu.edu/~gbeale/ece_421/second_order_04.html Second-Order System Example]
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| * [http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/application_notes/466359863287538299597392756AN359.pdf Op Amp Settling Time]
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| * [http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/eControlHTML/SysDyn/SysDyn5.html Graphical tutorial] of Settling time and Risetime
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| * [http://www.mathworks.com/help/toolbox/ident/ref/stepinfo.html MATLAB function] for computing settling time, rise time, and other step response characteristics
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| [[Category:Transient response characteristics]]
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| [[de:Einschwingzeit]]
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| [[pl:Czas regulacji]]
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The title of the writer is Figures. Bookkeeping is my occupation. California is where her home is but she requirements to transfer because of her family. Doing ceramics is what my family members and I appreciate.
Feel free to visit my web site :: asseryshit.com