Lemaître–Tolman metric: Difference between revisions

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{{Orphan|date=September 2008}}
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'''Catalycity''' is a macroscopic parameter to describe surface [[catalysis]] (heterogeneous catalysis). It is usually called a material property, due to its strong dependence on the surface material. This naming is not fully justified, since the catalycity not only dependent on the material but also on its environment.
 
== Catalysis ==
Gases like [[Nitrogen]], [[Oxygen]] or mixtures of the like [[Air]] consists at low temperatures of molecules. At elevated temperatures they dissociate, i.e. they break apart into single atoms.
<center>
<math>X_2\rightarrow 2X</math>
</center>
<br />
Atoms tends to recombine in the gas phase.  
<center>
<math>2X\rightarrow X_2</math>
</center>
 
This process can be accelerated with the help of a [[catalyst]]. The catalyst provides an alternative reaction path, which is in general faster than the original.
Such and reaction path could be:
 
[[adsorption]]:<br />
<center><math>X(g)+(s)\rightarrow X(s)</math></center><br />
reaction at the surface:<br />
<center><math>2X(s)\rightarrow X_2(s)+(s)</math></center><br />
[[desorption]]:<br />
<center><math>X_2(s)\rightarrow X(g)+(s)</math></center>
 
== Definition ==
Catalycity relates the number of reacting atoms to the number of atoms that hit a surface. Therefore, a catalycity of one means that all impinging particles do recombine.
<math> \gamma =\frac{\mathcal{M}_{rec}}{\mathcal{M}^\downarrow}</math>
 
== Usage  ==
The parameter catalycity is mainly used in hypersonics, i.e. the science high speed and high temperature flow. These kind of flows occur for instance in [[Atmospheric reentry]].
 
== Limitations ==
In mixtures of gases where interactions between the different species occurs, the parameter catalycity is not appropriate.
 
== Determination ==
The determination of catalycity is usually done in [[Plasma (physics)]] wind tunnels like arc-jets or [[inductively coupled plasma]] generators.
 
[[Category:Chemical kinetics]]
[[Category:Surface chemistry]]
[[Category:Chemical engineering]]

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