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{{Infobox Index
An underweight person may have low immunity, reduced stamina, along with a deficiency of vitamins in his body. So, fat control is really important. There are numerous methods to decide the perfect weight of a individual. Among them are, waist to height ratio, and height to weight ratio.<br><br>Secondly, we must consider the build of the body. While almost all women would like to be considered delicate little flowers, the truth is the fact that women come in every shapes plus sizes, plus a advantageous weight chart will have separate fat ranges for little, medium, plus larger framed females.<br><br>As of 2010 the percentage of Americans with obesity is over 35% and steadily growing. In 1985 less than 15% of Americans were fat. Obesity is defined has having a BMI (Body Mass Index) of 30 or higher. For somebody which is 5'9" which is 203 pounds or high. For someone that is 5'5" that is regarding 180 pounds or high.<br><br>A [http://safedietplansforwomen.com/bmi-calculator bmi calculator men] is important tool to have incredibly for women since they are more prone to receive fat deposits than men. Hormonal changes are the many significant reason. Women are also proven to emotionally devour food than guy. When ladies are depressed, happy or tired  they tend to look for comfort foods. Women are structurally different than guy to accommodate the growing baby inside the abdominal region. Plus a healthy female (21-36%) would have twice more fat compared to a healthy man (8-25%). Since females start off with a greater fat percentage than men, then it's not surprising that they are more liable to be overweight.<br><br>There are many quick plus easy online tools to utilize your individual BMI, however basically it is very a calculation of the current fat against your height. A 'normal' range of BMI is estimated to be between 18.5 plus 24.9. A study performed inside 1994 indicated which over 59% of American guys plus 49% of American ladies were over 25%. A 2007 survey now states that 63% of people are today over 25%. That is a startling statistic plus certainly 1 which indicates that losing fat is a bit more critical than ever as that trend requirements to be reduced.<br><br>In order to determine perfect weight for kids plus teens (between age group 2-20 years), there is a certain reference tool called the BMI percentile chart. In case, when the percent value falls at 80, it signifies the kid is having more fat than 80 % of the kids of the same gender and age group. According to the chart, a child's body mass index falling inside 95 percentile or above indicates he is obese, while those with a BMI above 85 percentile have a risk of becoming obese. On the different hand, if a kid's BMI percentile is 5 or lower, he/she is underweight.<br><br>In conclusion, DO NOT utilize BMI as an accurate gauge for the weight, you may end up inside tears like Sally, trust anything more exact like body fat percentage, or conversely, lean body mass.
|name        = S&P 500
|logo        =
|image        = [[File:S&P500 (1950-12).jpg|200px]]
|caption      =  S&P 500 Index from 1950 to 2012
|foundation  =  1957<ref name=S&P500>{{cite web|url= http://www.standardandpoors.com/indices/sp-500/en/eu/?indexId=spusa-500-usduf--p-us-l--|title=S&P 500 Details|accessdate=January 20, 2013|publisher=Standard & Poor's}}</ref>
|operator    = [[S&P Dow Jones Indices]]<ref name=S&P500Details>{{cite web|url= http://www.spindices.com/indices/equity/sp-500|title=S&P 500 Overview|accessdate=January 20, 2013|publisher=S&P/Dow Jones Indices LLC}}</ref>
|exchanges    = [[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE]], [[NASDAQ]]
|constituents = 500<ref name=S&P500Details/>
|cap_level    = [[Market capitalization#Market cap terms|Large-cap]]<ref name=S&P500Details/>
|mcap        = US$&nbsp;14,199&nbsp;billion<br><small>(''as of April 30, 2013'')</small><ref name=S&P500/>
|weighting    = [[Capitalization-weighted index|Free-float capitalization-weighted]]<ref name=S&P500Methodology>{{cite web|url= http://www.standardandpoors.com/servlet/BlobServer?blobheadername3=MDT-Type&blobcol=urldata&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobheadervalue2=inline%3B+filename%3Dmethodology-sp-us-indices.pdf&blobheadername2=Content-Disposition&blobheadervalue1=application%2Fpdf&blobkey=id&blobheadername1=content-type&blobwhere=1244125623286&blobheadervalue3=UTF-8|title=S&P U.S. Indices Methodology|accessdate=April 30, 2013|publisher=Standard & Poor's}}</ref>
|related      = {{Collapsible list|
[[S&P 1500]]<br>[[S&P Global 1200]]}}
|homepage    = [http://www.standardandpoors.com/indices/sp-500/en/eu/?indexId=spusa-500-usduf--p-us-l-- S&P 500]
}}
[[File:Daily Linear Chart of S&P 500 from 1950 to 2013.png|thumbnail|Daily Linear Chart of S&P 500 from 1950 to 2013]]
[[File:Daily Log Chart of S&P 500 from 1950 to 2013.png|thumbnail|A logarithmic chart of the S&P 500 using closing values from January 3rd, 1950 to April 15th, 2013.]]
[[File:Daily Volume in the S&P 500 Index.png|thumbnail]]
[[Image:sptrends19502008.jpg|thumb|250px|Logarithmic graph of the S&P 500 index with simple [[Trend line (technical analysis)|trend lines]]]]
 
The '''S&P&nbsp;500''', or the '''Standard & Poor's&nbsp;500''', is a [[stock market index]] based on the [[market capitalization]]s of 500 large companies having common stock listed on the [[NYSE]] or [[NASDAQ]]. The S&P 500 index components and their weightings are determined by [[S&P Dow Jones Indices]].  It differs from other U.S. stock market indices such as the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]] and the [[Nasdaq Composite]] due to its diverse constituency and [[Stock market index#Weighting|weighting methodology]].  It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices and many consider it the best representation of the U.S. stock market as well as a [[bellwether]] for the U.S. economy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Standard & Poor's 500 Index - S&P 500|url=http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sp500.asp|publisher=Investopedia|accessdate=11 June 2012}}</ref> The [[National Bureau of Economic Research]] has classified common stocks as a leading indicator of business cycles.<ref>[http://www.albany.edu/cer/bc/bc_essays.html Edward Renshaw, ''The Stock Market, Oil Price Shocks, Economic Recessions and the Business Cycle With An Emphasis on Forecasting'', December 2002]</ref>
 
The S&P 500 was developed and continues to be maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices, a joint venture majority-owned by [[McGraw Hill Financial]] that publishes many stock market indices such as the [[S&P 400|S&P MidCap 400]], the [[S&P 600|S&P SmallCap 600]] and the [[S&P 1500|S&P Composite 1500]]. It is a [[capitalization-weighted index]]<ref name=S&P500Methodology/> and has many [[ticker symbol]]s, such as: ^GSPC,<ref>{{cite web
| title = Yahoo! Finance: ^GSPC
| work =
| publisher = Yahoo!
| date =
| url = http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=^GSPC
| accessdate = }}
</ref> INX,<ref>{{cite web
| title = Google Finance: .INX
| work =
| publisher = Google
| date =
| url = http://finance.google.com/finance?q=INDEXSP:.INX
| accessdate = }}
</ref> and $SPX.<ref>{{cite web
| authorlink =
| title = MarketWatch: $SPX
| work = http://marketwatch.com/quotes/
| publisher = Dow Jones Inc.
| date =
| url = http://www.marketwatch.com/quotes/$spx
| accessdate = }}
</ref>
 
==History==
{{Refimprove section|date=September 2013}}
[[Standard & Poor's]] introduced its first [[stock index]] in 1923. <!-- Its primary daily stock market index was the "S&P 90", a value-weighted index based on 90&nbsp;stocks. Standard&nbsp;&&nbsp;Poor's also published a weekly index of 423 companies. This requires a citation. --> The S&P&nbsp;500 index in its present form began on March 4, 1957. Technology has allowed the index to be calculated and disseminated in real time. The S&P&nbsp;500 is widely used as a measure of the general level of stock prices, as it includes both [[growth stock]]s and [[value stock]]s.
 
In September of 1962 Ultronic Systems Corp. (Ultronics) entered into an agreement with Standard and Poor’s.  Under the terms of this agreement Ultronics computed the S&P 500 Stock Composite Index, the 425 Stock Industrial Index, the 50 Stock Utility Index and the 25 Stock Rail Index.  Throughout the market day, these statistics were furnished to Standard & Poor’s.  In addition, Ultronics also computed and reported the 94 S&P sub-indexes. <ref>Ultronic Systems Corp. Annual Report 1964</ref>
 
The index reached a relative intraday high (which was not exceeded for over seven years) of 1,552.87 on March 24, 2000, during the [[dot-com bubble]], then declined by approximately 50% to 768.63 on October&nbsp;10,&nbsp;2002 during the [[stock market downturn of 2002]].  On May 30, 2007, the S&P&nbsp;500 closed at 1,530.23 to set its first all-time closing high in more than seven years. Although the index achieved a new all-time intraday high on October 11, 2007 at 1,576.09 following a record close of 1,565.15 on October 9, the index finished 2007 at 1,468.36 points, just below its 1999 annual close. Less than a month later, it dropped to 1,400 and would not see similar levels again for five years.
 
In mid-2007, the [[Subprime crisis|subprime mortgage crisis]] spread to the wider U.S. [[financial sector]]. The resulting situation became acute in September&nbsp;2008, ushering in a period of unusual [[volatility (finance)|market volatility]], encompassing record 100-point swings in both directions and reaching the highest levels since 1929.<ref>[http://www.finanznachrichten.de/nachrichten-2008-11/12444730-s-p-500-actual-volatility-at-highest-since-1929-020.htm S&P 500 actual volatility at highest since 1929]</ref> On November 20, 2008, the index closed at 752.44, its lowest since early 1997.<ref>[http://www.cnbc.com/id/27826038 Stocks Plunge, Leaving Dow Below 7600]</ref> A modest recovery the following day still left the index down 45.5% for the year. This year-to-date loss was the greatest since 1931, when the broad market declined more than 50%.<ref>{{cite news
|title=A Friday Rally Can't Save the Week
<!-- not posted online, see page 10 of Sunday Business section -->
|publisher=[[The New York Times]]
|date=2008-11-23
|accessdate=2008-11-23
|first=Jeff
|last=Sommer
}}</ref> The market continued to decline from late 2008 to early 2009, surrounding the [[financial crisis of 2008]]. The index reached a nearly 13-year low, closing at 676.53 on March 9, 2009.
 
On March 23, 2009, the S&P 500 hit 822.92, marking a 20% gain. The Dow Jones Industrial Average soon followed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Stocks' Momentum Keeps Building|author=Peter Mckay, Geoffrey Rogow and Rob Curran|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123806569180446969.html|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=March 26, 2009|accessdate=4 April 2013}}</ref> The close for 2009 was 1,115.10, making it the second-best year of the decade. Although the markets continued to experience significant volatility amid electoral and fiscal uncertainty, gains continued, and the 2012 close of the S&P 500 following QE3 was its third-highest ever, at 1,426.22 points. On March 28, 2013, it closed above the closing high from 2007.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/28/sp-500-new-closing-high_n_2974050.html S&P 500 Closes At All-Time High]</ref> On April 10, it also closed above the intraday high from 2007.<ref>[http://money.cnn.com/2013/04/10/investing/stocks-markets/index.html Dow and S&P 500 close at new record highs]</ref> On May 3, 2013, more than 13 years since its first close above 1500, the S&P 500 closed above 1600 for the first time, at 1,614.42.  It would be the first of three 100-point milestones that the S&P 500 touched in 2013, as index closed above the 1700 mark for the first time on August 1, and closed above the 1800 mark for the first time on November 22. The S&P 500 would close out 2013 on a record high, finishing the December 31, 2013 trading session at 1848.36 points.
 
 
'''Record High S&P 500 Index Values (^GSPC)'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Type !! Date Set !! Value
|-
| Highest Intraday || January 15, 2014  || 1850.84
|-
| Highest Closing || January 15, 2014 || 1848.38
|-
 
|}
 
==Selection criteria==
The components of the S&P&nbsp;500 are selected by committee. This is similar to the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]], but different from others such as the [[Russell&nbsp;1000]], which are strictly rule-based. When considering the eligibility of a new addition, the committee assesses the company's merit using eight primary criteria: [[market capitalization]], [[Market liquidity|liquidity]], [[Domicile (law)|domicile]], [[public float]], [[Global Industry Classification Standard|sector classification]], financial viability, length of time publicly traded and [[Stock exchange|listing exchange]].<ref name=S&P500Methodology/>
 
The committee selects the companies in the S&P 500 so they are representative of the industries in the United States economy. In order to be added to the index, a company must satisfy these liquidity-based size requirements:<ref name=S&P500Methodology/>
* market capitalization is greater than or equal to US$ 4.0 billion
* annual dollar value traded to float-adjusted market capitalization is greater than 1.0
* minimum monthly trading volume of 250,000 shares in each of the six months leading up to the evaluation date.
 
The securities must be publicly listed on either the [[NYSE]] (NYSE Arca or NYSE MKT) or [[NASDAQ]] (NASDAQ Global Select Market, NASDAQ Select Market or the NASDAQ Capital Market). Securities that are ineligible for inclusion in the index are [[limited partnership]]s, [[master limited partnership]]s, [[OTC Bulletin Board|OTC bulletin board issues]], [[closed-end fund]]s, [[Exchange-traded fund|ETFs]], [[Exchange-traded note|ETNs]], [[royalty trust]]s, [[tracking stock]]s, [[preferred stock]], [[unit trust]]s, [[Warrant (finance)|equity warrants]], [[convertible bond]]s, [[investment trust]]s, [[American depositary receipt|ADRs]], [[American depositary share|ADSs]] and MLP IT units.<ref name=S&P500Methodology/>
 
In contrast, the [[Fortune 500]] is a mere list, not an index, of the 500 largest public companies in the United States ordered by gross revenue, regardless of whether their stock trades publicly (without public listing, the stock has essentially zero [[liquidity]]), without adjustment for industry representation, and excluding companies incorporated outside the United States.
 
The index includes non-U.S. companies (27 as of December 23, 2013), both formerly U.S.-incorporated companies that have [[Corporate inversion|re-incorporated]] outside the [[United States]], as well as firms that have never been incorporated in the United States.
 
==Components==
{{main|List of S&P 500 companies}}
 
==Versions==
The "S&P&nbsp;500" generally quoted is a [[price return]] index; there are also "total return" and "net total return" versions of the index. These versions differ in how [[dividend]]s are accounted for. The price return version does not account for dividends; it only captures the changes in the prices of the index components. The [[Total return index|total return]] version reflects the effects of dividend reinvestment. Finally, the net total return version reflects the effects of dividend reinvestment after the deduction of [[withholding tax]].<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = S&P - Indices > Equity Indices - S&P 500 - Index Table
| work = standardandpoors.com
| publisher =
| date =
| url = http://www2.standardandpoors.com/portal/site/sp/en/us/page.topic/indices_500/2,3,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.html
| doi =
| accessdate = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Description
| work = standardandpoors.com
| publisher =
| date =
| url = http://www2.standardandpoors.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=spcom/template/topic_template/DescriptionPglt&r=US&l=EN&ds=indices_totalreturn
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = }}
</ref>
 
==Weighting==
The index has traditionally been [[Capitalization-weighted index|capitalization-weighted]]; that is, movements in the prices of stocks with higher [[market capitalization]]s (the ''share price'' times the ''number of shares outstanding'') have a greater impact on the value of the index than do companies with smaller market caps.
 
The index is now ''float weighted''. That is, Standard & Poor's now calculates the market capitalization of each company relevant to the index using only the number of shares available for public trading (called the "[[Public float|float]]"). This transition was made in two steps, the first on March&nbsp;18,&nbsp;2005 and the second on September 16, 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/standard--poors-announces-changes-to-us-investable-weight-factors-and-final-float-transition-schedule-54200952.html|title=Standard & Poor's Announces Changes to U.S. Investable Weight Factors and Final Float Transition Schedule|publisher=PRNewswire|date=2005-03-09|accessdate=2013-01-20}}</ref>
 
==Index maintenance==
In order to keep the S&P 500 Index consistent over time, it is adjusted to capture [[corporate action]]s which affect market capitalization, such as additional share issuance, [[dividend]]s and restructuring events such as mergers or spin-offs. Additionally, to remain indicative of the U.S. stock market, the constituent stocks are changed from time to time.<ref name=S&P500Methodology/>
 
To prevent the value of the Index from changing merely as a result of corporate financial actions, all such actions affecting the market value of the Index require a divisor adjustment. Also, when a company is dropped and replaced by another with a different market capitalization, the divisor needs to be adjusted in such a way that the value of the S&P 500 Index remains constant. All divisor adjustments are made after the close of trading and after the calculation of the closing value of the S&P 500 Index. There is a large range of different corporate actions that can require the divisor to be adjusted. These are listed in the table below:<ref name=S&P500MathMethodology>{{cite web|url= https://www.sp-indexdata.com/idpfiles/shariah/prc/active/whitepapers/Methodology_Index_Math_Web.pdf |title=S&P Indices Index Mathematics Methodology |accessdate=January 20, 2013 |publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Type of Action !! Divisor Adjustment
|-
| Stock split (e.g. 2×1) || {{No}}
|-
| Share issuance || {{Yes}}
|-
| Share repurchase || {{Yes}}
|-
| Special cash dividend || {{Yes}}
|-
| Company change || {{Yes}}
|-
| Rights offering || {{Yes}}
|-
| Spinoffs || {{Yes}}
|-
| Mergers || {{Yes}}
|}
 
==Calculation==
To calculate the value of the S&P 500 Index, the sum of the adjusted market capitalization of all 500 stocks is divided by a factor, usually referred to as the '''''Divisor'''''.<ref name=S&P500MathMethodology/> For example, if the total adjusted market cap of the 500 component stocks is US$13 trillion and the Divisor is set at 8.933 billion, then the S&P 500 Index value would be 1,455.28. Although the adjusted market capitalization of the entire index can be accessed from Standard & Poor's website,<ref name=S&P500/> the Divisor is considered to be proprietary to the firm. However, the Divisor 's value is approximately 8.9 billion.<ref>{{cite web |title = How is the value of the S&P 500 calculated? |url = http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/05/sp500calculation.asp |accessdate = January 20, 2013}}</ref>
 
The formula to calculate the S&P 500 Index value is:
:<math> \text{Index Level} = {\sum \left({P_i} \cdot {Q_i}\right) \over Divisor}</math>
where '''''P''''' is the price of each stock in the index and '''''Q''''' is the number of shares publicly available for each stock.
 
The divisor is adjusted in the case of stock issuance, spin-offs or similar structural changes, to ensure that such events do not in themselves alter the numerical value of the Index.<ref name=S&P500MathMethodology/>
 
==Update frequency==
The index value is updated every 15 seconds during trading sessions and is disseminated by Reuters America, Inc., a subsidiary of [[Thomson Reuters|Thomson Reuters Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web |title = S&P Indices |url = http://us.spindices.com/documents/additional-material/sp-500-trifold.pdf?force_download=true |accessdate = }}</ref>
 
==Investing==
Many [[index fund]]s and [[exchange-traded fund]]s attempt to replicate (before fees and expenses) the performance of the S&P&nbsp;500 by holding the same stocks as the index, in the same proportions. Many other mutual funds are benchmarked to the S&P&nbsp;500. Consequently, a company whose stock is added to the list of S&P&nbsp;500 stocks may see its stock price rise, as [[index fund]]s must purchase that company's stock in order to continue tracking the S&P 500 index. [[Mutual fund]] managers provide [[index fund]]s that track the S&P&nbsp;500, the first of which was [[The Vanguard Group]]'s Vanguard&nbsp;500 in 1976.<ref>{{cite web |title=Investopedia Vanguard Profile |url=http://www.investopedia.com/university/greatest/johnbogle.asp |accessdate=}}</ref> Many [[retirement plan]]s offer such funds. For example, the [[Thrift Savings Plan]]'s C Fund tracks the total return S&P 500 index.
 
In addition to investing in a mutual fund indexed to the S&P 500, investors may also purchase shares of an [[exchange-traded fund]] (ETF) which represents ownership in a portfolio of the equity securities that comprise the Standard & Poor's 500 Index. Exchange Traded Funds track the S&P 500 index and may be used to trade the index. Some S&P 500 ETFs are listed as follows.<ref>{{cite web |title=S&P 500 ETFs |url=http://www.marketvolume.com/a/sp500.asp |accessdate=}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! ETF Symbol !! ETF Name !! Expense Ratio
|-
| [http://us.ishares.com/product_info/fund/overview/IVV.htm IVV] || iShares Core S&P 500 || 0.0700%
|-
| [https://www.spdrs.com/product/fund.seam?ticker=spy SPY] || [[SPDR S&P 500]] || 0.1102%
|-
| [https://personal.vanguard.com/us/funds/snapshot?FundId=0968&FundIntExt=INT#tab=0 VOO] || Vanguard S&P 500 || 0.0500%
|}
 
S&P 500 ETFs are available on the London Stock Exchange e.g. iShares S&P 500 ({{lse|IUSA}}) and Vanguard S&P 500 ({{lse|VUSA}}).
 
In the [[Derivative (finance)|derivatives]] market, the [[Chicago Mercantile Exchange]] (CME) offers [[futures contract]]s (ticker symbols /SP for the full-sized contract <!-- for the full-sized contract known colloquially as the Spooz: According to whom? Need source.--> and /ES for the E-mini contract that is one-fifth the size of /SP) that track the index and trade on the exchange floor in an [[open outcry]] auction, or on CME's Globex platform, and are the exchange's most popular product. Additionally, the [[Chicago Board Options Exchange]]&nbsp;(CBOE) offers [[Option (finance)|options]] on the S&P&nbsp;500 as well as S&P&nbsp;500 ETFs, inverse ETFs and leveraged ETFs.
 
==Market statistics==
{{Refimprove section|date=August 2012}}
 
===Milestones===
{{Main|Milestones of the S&P 500 Index}}
 
On 11 October 2007, S&P index set a milestone with its all-time intraday high of 1,576.09.<ref name=milestone11oct2007 /> On 28 March 2013 the S&P finally surpassed its closing high level of 1,565.15, recovering all its losses from the financial crisis.<ref name="milestone11oct2007">{{cite news |title=Record-Smashing Quarter: S&P 500 Ends Above 2007’s Record Close, Dow Posts Best Q1 Since 1998 |url=http://www.cnbc.com/id/100600350 |first=JeeYeon |last=Park |publisher=CNBC.com Writer|accessdate=2013-03-28}}</ref> However, it would need to close well above the 2,000 level to set new inflation-adjusted highs (ignoring dividends) compared with its initial foray of the year 2000 above the 1,500 level.
 
===Total annual returns===
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Change in Index
! Total Annual Return Including Dividends
! Value of $1.00 Invested on 1/1/1970
! 5 Year Annualized Return
! 10 Year Annualized Return
! 15 Year Annualized Return
! 20 Year Annualized Return
! 25 Year Annualized Return
|-
|1970
 
|align="right" |  0.01%
|align="right" |  4.01%
|align="right" |  $1.04
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1971
|align="right" |  10.79%
|align="right" |  14.31%
|align="right" |  $1.19
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1972
|align="right" |  15.63%
|align="right" |  18.98%
|align="right" |  $1.41
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1973
|align="right" | &minus;17.37%
|align="right" | &minus;14.66%
|align="right" |  $1.21
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1974
|align="right" | &minus;28.72%
|align="right" | &minus;26.47%
|align="right" |  $0.89
|align="right" | &minus;2.35%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1975
|align="right" |  31.55%
|align="right" |  37.20%
|align="right" |  $1.22
|align="right" |  3.21%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1976
|align="right" |  19.15%
|align="right" |  23.84%
|align="right" |  $1.51
|align="right" |  4.87%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1977
|align="right" | &minus;11.50%
|align="right" | &minus;7.18%
|align="right" |  $1.40
|align="right" | &minus;0.21%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1978
|align="right" |  1.06%
|align="right" |  6.56%
|align="right" |  $1.49
|align="right" |  4.32%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1979
|align="right" |  12.31%
|align="right" |  18.44%
|align="right" |  $1.77
|align="right" |  14.76%
|align="right" |  5.86%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1980
|align="right" |  25.77%
|align="right" |  32.50%
|align="right" |  $2.34
|align="right" |  13.96%
|align="right" |  8.45%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1981
|align="right" | &minus;9.73%
|align="right" | &minus;4.92%
|align="right" |  $2.23
|align="right" |  8.10%
|align="right" |  6.47%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1982
|align="right" |  14.76%
|align="right" |  21.55%
|align="right" |  $2.71
|align="right" |  14.09%
|align="right" |  6.70%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1983
|align="right" |  17.26%
|align="right" |  22.56%
|align="right" |  $3.32
|align="right" |  17.32%
|align="right" |  10.63%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1984
|align="right" |  1.40%
|align="right" |  6.27%
|align="right" |  $3.52
|align="right" |  14.81%
|align="right" |  14.78%
|align="right" |  8.76%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1985
|align="right" |  26.36%
|align="right" |  31.73%
|align="right" |  $4.64
|align="right" |  14.67%
|align="right" |  14.32%
|align="right" |  10.49%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1986
|align="right" |  14.62%
|align="right" |  18.67%
|align="right" |  $5.51
|align="right" |  19.87%
|align="right" |  13.83%
|align="right" |  10.76%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1987
|align="right" |  2.03%
|align="right" |  5.25%
|align="right" |  $5.80
|align="right" |  16.47%
|align="right" |  15.27%
|align="right" |  9.86%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1988
|align="right" |  12.40%
|align="right" |  16.61%
|align="right" |  $6.76
|align="right" |  15.31%
|align="right" |  16.31%
|align="right" |  12.17%
|align="right" | -
|align="right" | -
|-
|1989
|align="right" |  27.25%
|align="right" |  31.69%
|align="right" |  $8.90
|align="right" |  20.37%
|align="right" |  17.55%
|align="right" |  16.61%
|align="right" |  11.55%
|align="right" | -
|-
|1990
|align="right" | &minus;6.56%
|align="right" | &minus;3.10%
|align="right" |  $8.63
|align="right" |  13.20%
|align="right" |  13.93%
|align="right" |  13.94%
|align="right" |  11.16%
|align="right" | -
|-
|1991
|align="right" |  26.31%
|align="right" |  30.47%
|align="right" |  $11.26
|align="right" |  15.36%
|align="right" |  17.59%
|align="right" |  14.34%
|align="right" |  11.90%
|align="right" | -
|-
|1992
|align="right" |  4.46%
|align="right" |  7.62%
|align="right" |  $12.11
|align="right" |  15.88%
|align="right" |  16.17%
|align="right" |  15.47%
|align="right" |  11.34%
|align="right" | -
|-
|1993
|align="right" |  7.06%
|align="right" |  10.08%
|align="right" |  $13.33
|align="right" |  14.55%
|align="right" |  14.93%
|align="right" |  15.72%
|align="right" |  12.76%
|align="right" | -
|-
|1994
|align="right" | &minus;1.54%
|align="right" |  1.32%
|align="right" |  $13.51
|align="right" |  8.70%
|align="right" |  14.38%
|align="right" |  14.52%
|align="right" |  14.58%
|align="right" |  10.98%
|-
|1995
|align="right" |  34.11%
|align="right" |  37.58%
|align="right" |  $18.59
|align="right" |  16.59%
|align="right" |  14.88%
|align="right" |  14.81%
|align="right" |  14.60%
|align="right" |  12.22%
|-
|1996
|align="right" |  20.26%
|align="right" |  22.96%
|align="right" |  $22.86
|align="right" |  15.22%
|align="right" |  15.29%
|align="right" |  16.80%
|align="right" |  14.56%
|align="right" |  12.55%
|-
|1997
|align="right" |  31.01%
|align="right" |  33.36%
|align="right" |  $30.48
|align="right" |  20.27%
|align="right" |  18.05%
|align="right" |  17.52%
|align="right" |  16.65%
|align="right" |  13.07%
|-
|1998
|align="right" |  26.67%
|align="right" |  28.58%
|align="right" |  $39.19
|align="right" |  24.06%
|align="right" |  19.21%
|align="right" |  17.90%
|align="right" |  17.75%
|align="right" |  14.94%
|-
|1999
|align="right" |  19.53%
|align="right" |  21.04%
|align="right" |  $47.44
|align="right" |  28.56%
|align="right" |  18.21%
|align="right" |  18.93%
|align="right" |  17.88%
|align="right" |  17.25%
|-
|2000
|align="right" | &minus;10.14%
|align="right" | &minus;9.10%
|align="right" |  $43.12
|align="right" |  18.33%
|align="right" |  17.46%
|align="right" |  16.02%
|align="right" |  15.68%
|align="right" |  15.34%
|-
|2001
|align="right" | &minus;13.04%
|align="right" | &minus;11.89%
|align="right" |  $37.99
|align="right" |  10.70%
|align="right" |  12.94%
|align="right" |  13.74%
|align="right" |  15.24%
|align="right" |  13.78%
|-
|2002
|align="right" | &minus;23.37%
|align="right" | &minus;22.10%
|align="right" |  $29.60
|align="right" | &minus;0.59%
|align="right" |  9.34%
|align="right" |  11.48%
|align="right" |  12.71%
|align="right" |  12.98%
|-
|2003
|align="right" |  26.38%
|align="right" |  28.68%
|align="right" |  $38.09
|align="right" | &minus;0.57%
|align="right" |  11.07%
|align="right" |  12.22%
|align="right" |  12.98%
|align="right" |  13.84%
|-
|2004
|align="right" |  8.99%
|align="right" |  10.88%
|align="right" |  $42.23
|align="right" | &minus;2.30%
|align="right" |  12.07%
|align="right" |  10.94%
|align="right" |  13.22%
|align="right" |  13.54%
|-
|2005
|align="right" |  3.00%
|align="right" |  4.91%
|align="right" |  $44.30
|align="right" |  0.54%
|align="right" |  9.07%
|align="right" |  11.52%
|align="right" |  11.94%
|align="right" |  12.48%
|-
|2006
|align="right" |  13.62%
|align="right" |  15.79%
|align="right" |  $51.30
|align="right" |  6.19%
|align="right" |  8.42%
|align="right" |  10.64%
|align="right" |  11.80%
|align="right" |  13.37%
|-
|2007
|align="right" |  3.55%
|align="right" |  5.49%
|align="right" |  $54.12
|align="right" |  12.83%
|align="right" |  5.91%
|align="right" |  10.49%
|align="right" |  11.82%
|align="right" |  12.73%
|-
|2008
|align="right" | &minus;38.47%
|align="right" | &minus;37.00%
|align="right" |  $34.09
|align="right" | &minus;2.19%
|align="right" | &minus;1.38%
|align="right" |  6.46%
|align="right" |  8.43%
|align="right" |  9.77%
|-
|2009
|align="right" |  23.49%
|align="right" |  26.46%
|align="right" |  $43.11
|align="right" |  0.42%
|align="right" | &minus;0.95%
|align="right" |  8.04%
|align="right" |  8.21%
|align="right" |  10.54%
|-
|2010
|align="right" |  12.64%
|align="right" |  15.06%
|align="right" |  $49.61
|align="right" |  2.29%
|align="right" |  1.41%
|align="right" |  6.76%
|align="right" |  9.14%
|align="right" |  9.94%
|-
|2011
|align="right" |  0.00%
|align="right" |  2.11%
|align="right" |  $50.65
|align="right" |  &minus;0.25%
|align="right" |  2.92%
|align="right" |  5.45%
|align="right" |  7.81%
|align="right" |  9.28%
|-
|2012
|align="right" |  13.29%
|align="right" |  16.00%
|align="right" |  $58.76
|align="right" |  1.66%
|align="right" |  7.10%
|align="right" |  4.47%
|align="right" |  8.22%
|align="right" |  9.71%
|-
|'''2013'''
|align="right" |  29.60%
|align="right" |  32.39%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quicktake.morningstar.com/index/IndexCharts.aspx?Symbol=SPX|publisher=Morningstar}}</ref>
|align="right" |  $77.79
|align="right" |  17.94%
|align="right" |  7.40%
|align="right" |  4.68%
|align="right" |  9.22%
|align="right" |  10.27%
|-
!High
!align="right" |  34.11%
!align="right" |  37.58%
!align="right" |
!align="right" |  28.56%
!align="right" |  19.21%
!align="right" |  18.93%
!align="right" |  17.88%
!align="right" |  17.25%
|-
!Low
!align="right" | &minus;38.47%
!align="right" | &minus;37.00%
!align="right" |
!align="right" | &minus;2.35%
!align="right" | &minus;1.38%
!align="right" |  4.47%
!align="right" |  7.81%
!align="right" |  9.28%
|-
![[Compound annual growth rate|CAGR]]
! &nbsp;
!align="right" |  10.40%
! &nbsp;
! &nbsp;
! &nbsp;
! &nbsp;
! &nbsp;
! &nbsp;
|-
!Median
!align="right" |  12.64%
!align="right" |  15.79%
! &nbsp;
!align="right" |  13.96%
!align="right" |  13.83%
!align="right" |  12.22%
!align="right" |  12.71%
!align="right" |  12.98%
|}
 
==See also==
* [[Conference Board Leading Economic Index]]
* [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]]
* [[List of S&P 500 companies]]
* [[E-mini S&P]]
* [[Exchange-traded fund]]
* [[Fortune 500]]
* [[FTSE 100]]
* [[Index fund]]
* [[S&P 100]]
* [[S&P 400]]
* [[S&P 600]]
* [[S&P 1500]]
* [[Standard & Poor's]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
==External links==
* [http://money.cnn.com/quote/quote.html?symb=SPX CNN Money page for SPX]
* [http://www.spindices.com/indices/equity/sp-500 Standard & Poor's page on S&P 500 index]
* [http://www.spindices.com/documents/factsheets/fs-sp-500-ltr.pdf S&P 500 Fact Sheet] (PDF)
* [http://finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=^GSPC Logarithmic Chart of S&P 500 (1950-present) at Yahoo! Finance]
* [http://www.omid-piroz.com/s-p-500  s&p 500 Training ]
 
{{Stock market indexes}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:S and P 500}}
[[Category:S&P Dow Jones Indices|0500]]
[[Category:American stock market indices]]
[[Category:1957 introductions]]

Latest revision as of 20:54, 20 November 2014

An underweight person may have low immunity, reduced stamina, along with a deficiency of vitamins in his body. So, fat control is really important. There are numerous methods to decide the perfect weight of a individual. Among them are, waist to height ratio, and height to weight ratio.

Secondly, we must consider the build of the body. While almost all women would like to be considered delicate little flowers, the truth is the fact that women come in every shapes plus sizes, plus a advantageous weight chart will have separate fat ranges for little, medium, plus larger framed females.

As of 2010 the percentage of Americans with obesity is over 35% and steadily growing. In 1985 less than 15% of Americans were fat. Obesity is defined has having a BMI (Body Mass Index) of 30 or higher. For somebody which is 5'9" which is 203 pounds or high. For someone that is 5'5" that is regarding 180 pounds or high.

A bmi calculator men is important tool to have incredibly for women since they are more prone to receive fat deposits than men. Hormonal changes are the many significant reason. Women are also proven to emotionally devour food than guy. When ladies are depressed, happy or tired they tend to look for comfort foods. Women are structurally different than guy to accommodate the growing baby inside the abdominal region. Plus a healthy female (21-36%) would have twice more fat compared to a healthy man (8-25%). Since females start off with a greater fat percentage than men, then it's not surprising that they are more liable to be overweight.

There are many quick plus easy online tools to utilize your individual BMI, however basically it is very a calculation of the current fat against your height. A 'normal' range of BMI is estimated to be between 18.5 plus 24.9. A study performed inside 1994 indicated which over 59% of American guys plus 49% of American ladies were over 25%. A 2007 survey now states that 63% of people are today over 25%. That is a startling statistic plus certainly 1 which indicates that losing fat is a bit more critical than ever as that trend requirements to be reduced.

In order to determine perfect weight for kids plus teens (between age group 2-20 years), there is a certain reference tool called the BMI percentile chart. In case, when the percent value falls at 80, it signifies the kid is having more fat than 80 % of the kids of the same gender and age group. According to the chart, a child's body mass index falling inside 95 percentile or above indicates he is obese, while those with a BMI above 85 percentile have a risk of becoming obese. On the different hand, if a kid's BMI percentile is 5 or lower, he/she is underweight.

In conclusion, DO NOT utilize BMI as an accurate gauge for the weight, you may end up inside tears like Sally, trust anything more exact like body fat percentage, or conversely, lean body mass.

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