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In [[photography]], '''light value''' has been used to refer to a
&ldquo;light level&rdquo; for either incident or reflected light, often on a base-2 [[logarithm]]ic scale.
The term does not derive from a published standard, and has had several
different meanings:
 
# An arbitrary value indicated by an exposure meter such as the Weston Master V, discussed in [[Ansel Adams|Adams]] (1948, 14&ndash;18).  This may have been the origin of the term.  The indicated light value was transferred to the meter's exposure calculator, which then was used to determine camera settings. Ray (2000) uses the term, with the [[acronym]] 'LV', in this sense. The [[Honeywell]]/[[Pentax]] 1&deg;/21&deg; [[spot meter]] indicated in &ldquo;light level&rdquo; (&ldquo;LL&rdquo;), with LL essentially [[exposure value]] (EV) for ISO 100 [[film speed]]. The later Pentax Spotmeter V and Digital Spotmeter indicated directly in EV for ISO 100, but they made no mention of &ldquo;light level&rdquo;, &ldquo;light value&rdquo;, or LV.
# A synonym for [[APEX system#The additive (logarithmic) system|incident light value]], from the Additive system of Photographic EXposure ([[APEX system|APEX]]). Zakia and Stroebel (1993) and Stroebel, Compton, Current, and Zakia (2000) used the term in this sense. Curiously, they used the APEX symbol <math>B_v</math>, normally used for [[APEX system#The additive (logarithmic) system|luminance value]].
# An apparent synonym for luminance value, from APEX. Stroebel, Compton, Current, and Zakia (2000) referred to &ldquo;scene illuminance&rdquo; in the text of the article, but the example used units of luminance. The defining equation used the symbol <math>L_v</math>. The table at the end of the article used units of illuminance and the symbol <math>B_v</math>, as noted above.
# A synonym for exposure value (EV) (e.g., Kyoritsu calibrated light sources, <ref>Specifications for Kyoritsu testers and calibrated light sources are available on the
[http://www.criscam.com/ C.R.I.S.  Camera Services] web site under
&ldquo;kyoritsu test equipment&rdquo;.</ref> for which the luminance ranges are specified in terms of &ldquo;LV at ISO 100&rdquo;. Interestingly, Kyoritsu specify the luminance ranges of their multi-function camera testers in EV, presumably at ISO 100).
# A synonym for &ldquo;EV at ISO 100 [[film speed]]&rdquo;. This usage appears on many web pages, usually without attribution of an authoritative source. Eads (2000) proposed a revised [[APEX system|APEX]] in which luminance value was equal to EV for ISO 100 speed, but he did not use the term ''light value''.
# Literally speaking, the English term ''light value'' could be translated as &ldquo;Lichtwert&rdquo; in German language, however, this is ''not'' what the term ''Lichtwert'', as it was introduced by the German shutter manufacturer {{ill|de|Friedrich Deckel|Friedrich Deckel}} in 1954 and defined as ''Belichtungswert'' in DIN&nbsp;19010, is used for in German-speaking countries. Instead, the established term ''Lichtwert'' (abbreviated as &ldquo;LW&rdquo;) describes what became known as [[exposure value]] (EV) elsewhere.
 
In [[APEX system|APEX]], luminance value and incident light value are numerically equal, so that for a given &ldquo;light value&rdquo;, either meaning 2 or 3 would result in the same camera settings.
 
==Notes==
 
<references />
 
==References==
 
* Adams, Ansel. 1948. ''The Negative: Exposure and Development''. Boston: New York Graphic Society.
 
* Eads, Andrew C. 2000. &ldquo;Simplifying and Understanding Photographic Exposure with the APEx System&rdquo;, ''PHOTO Techniques'', Jan/Feb 2000, 54&ndash;59.
 
* Ray, Sidney F. 2000. &ldquo;Camera Exposure Determination&rdquo;. In ''The Manual of Photography,'' 9th ed.  Oxford: Focal Press.
 
* Stroebel, Leslie, John Compton, Ira Current, and Richard D. Zakia. 2000.  ''Basic Photographic Materials and Processes,'' 2nd ed. Boston: Focal Press.
 
* Zakia, Richard D. and Leslie Stroebel, eds. 1993. ''Focal Encyclopedia of Photography,'' 3rd ed. Boston: Focal Press.
 
==See also==
 
* [[APEX system]]
* [[Exposure value]]
* [[Sunny 16 rule]]
 
==External links==
 
 
[[Category:Science of photography]]

Latest revision as of 00:19, 2 December 2014

If your computer is running slow, you have possibly gone from the different stages of rage plus frustration. Having such a great tool like a computer can appear like a curse and a blessing at the same time when this happens. It is desirable when it is running swiftly and smooth, however, then when it begins acting weird plus slows method down, frustration sets inside. How will something as fantastic because a computer make a person so mad?

Windows Defender - this does come standard with various Windows OS Machines, however, otherwise is download from Microsoft for free. It can enable protect against spyware.

It doesn't matter whether you are not surprisingly clear about what rundll32.exe is. But remember which it plays an significant part in maintaining the stability of our computers and the integrity of the program. Whenever some software or hardware couldn't reply usually to the system procedure, comes the rundll32 exe error, which may be caused by corrupted files or lost data inside registry. Usually, error message might shows up at booting or the beginning of running a program.

Analysis a files and clean it up regularly. Destroy all of the unwanted plus unused files because they just jam your computer system. It will surely enhance the speed of the computer and be careful which your computer do not afflicted by a virus. Remember constantly to update a antivirus software every time. If you never employ a computer quite often, you are able to take a free antivirus.

After that, I also bought the Regtool registry mechanic Software, and it further protected my computer having program crashes. All my registry problems are fixed, and I can work peacefully.

Let's begin with all the damaging sides initially. The initial price of the product is rather cheap. However, it just comes with 1 year of updates. After that you need to subscribe to monthly updates. The benefit of that is the fact that perfect optimizer has enough cash and resources to research errors. This method, you may be ensured of safe fixes.

To accelerate your computer, we merely have to be able to receive rid of all these junk files, permitting a computer to find exactly what it wants, when it wants. Luckily, there's a tool that enables us to do this conveniently plus swiftly. It's a tool called a 'registry cleaner'.

So inside summary, when comparing registry cleaning, make sure the 1 we choose gives you the following.A backup and restore facility, quickly surgery, automatic deletion facility, start-up administration, an convenient way of contact plus a cash back guarantee.