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{{Infobox programming language
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|name = GW-BASIC
|logo = [[Image:GW-BASIC 3.23.png|200px|GW-BASIC 3.23]]
|paradigm =
|year = 1983
|designer =
|developer = [[Microsoft]] (for [[Compaq]])
|latest_release_version = 3.23
|latest_release_date = 1988
|typing =
|implementations =
|dialects =
|influenced_by = [[IBM Cassette BASIC]], [[IBM Disk BASIC]], [[IBM BASICA]]
|influenced = [[QBasic]], [[QuickBasic]], [[MSX BASIC]]
|current version =
|operating_system = [[DOS]]
|license =
|website =
}}
 
'''GW-BASIC''' is a dialect of the [[programming language]] [[BASIC]] developed by [[Microsoft]] from [[IBM BASICA|BASICA]], originally for [[Compaq]]. It is otherwise identical to Microsoft/[[IBM]] [[IBM BASICA|BASICA]], but is a fully self-contained executable and does not need the [[read-only memory|ROM]] BASIC. It was bundled with [[MS-DOS]] [[operating system]]s on [[IBM PC compatible]]s by Microsoft. Microsoft also sold a BASIC [[compiler]], BASCOM, compatible with GW-BASIC, for programs needing more speed. The language is suitable for simple games, business programs and the like. Since it was included with most versions of MS-DOS, it was also a low cost way for many would-be [[programmer]]s to learn the fundamentals of [[computer programming]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/KindlyRat/GWBASIC.html|title=GW-BASIC|date=|accessdate=2009-11-10|author="KindlyRat"|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20050726081451/http://www.geocities.com/KindlyRat/GWBASIC.html
|archivedate=2005-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/dos11basic/index.htm|title=GWBASIC Games & Other Programs|date=|accessdate=2009-11-10|author="Leon"|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20091026132941/http://geocities.com/dos11basic/index.htm|archivedate=2009-10-26}}</ref> With the release of MS-DOS 5.0, GW-BASIC's place was eventually taken by [[QBasic]], the interpreter part of the separately available [[QuickBASIC]] compiler.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emsps.com/oldtools/msbasv.htm#qbasic|title=Microsoft BASIC version information|accessdate=2008-06-12}}</ref>
 
== Syntax ==
IBM BASICA and GW-BASIC are direct ports of Microsoft's BASIC-80 (also known as MBASIC) designed for 8080/Z80 machines, but added features specifically for the IBM PC hardware. Common features of BASIC-80 and BASICA/GW-BASIC include:
 
*CLS command to clear the screen
*Double-precision variables
*True integer support
*PRINT USING statement for formatted display output
*LPRINT for outputting to printers
*WHILE...WEND loops
*The ability to save programs in three formats (ordinary tokenized binary, ASCII, or a "protected" token format that cannot be LISTed)
*"Ok" as the BASIC prompt
*DEFINT statement to set all variables beginning with the specified characters as one type, eliminating the need to put type indicators in front of them
*INKEY$ function to read key presses
*An advanced editor which included statements for renumbering program lines and deleting them in blocks
*Hexadecimal number support (performed by preceding numbers with &H)
*The REM statement can be abbreviated as '
*Statements that have quoted text (e.g. PRINT) do not require a second quote mark at the end unless other arguments follow
*IN/OUT instructions for I/O
*Error trapping features
 
Conversely, BASIC-80/BASICA/GWBASIC does not allow the line crunching in 6502 versions (where no spaces are required on a program line)
 
MBASIC programs not using PEEK/POKE statements would run under GWBASIC. BASICA added a large number of features for the IBM PC such as sound, graphics, and memory commands.
 
Microsoft did not offer a generic version of MS-DOS until v3.20 in 1986 and before then, all variants of the OS were OEM ones. Depending on the OEM, BASIC was distributed as either BASICA.EXE or GWBASIC.EXE. The former should not be confused with IBM BASICA, which always came as a .COM file. Some variants of BASIC had extra features to support a particular machine (for example, the AT&T and Tandy versions of DOS included a special GWBASIC that supported their enhanced sound and graphics capabilities).
 
The initial version of GW-BASIC was the one included with Compaq DOS 1.13 (released with the Compaq Portable in 1983) and was analogous to IBM BASICA 1.10. It used the CP/M-derived file control blocks for disk access and did not support subdirectories. Later versions added this feature and improved graphics and other capabilities.
 
GW-BASIC 3.20 (1986) added EGA graphics support (no version of BASICA or GWBASIC had VGA support) and was in effect the last new version released before it was superseded by QBASIC.
 
Buyers of [[Hercules Graphics Card]]s received a special version of GWBASIC on the card's utility disk that was called HBASIC and which added support for its 720x348 monochrome graphics (other versions of BASICA/GWBASIC only allowed graphics on Hercules cards if SIMCGA was loaded)
 
GW-BASIC has a [[command line]]-based [[integrated development environment]] (IDE) based on [[Dartmouth BASIC]]. Using the cursor movement keys, any line displayed on screen can be edited. It also includes [[function key]] shortcuts at the bottom of the screen. Like other early [[microcomputer]] versions of BASIC, GW-BASIC lacked many of the structures needed for [[structured programming]] such as local variables, and GW-BASIC programs executed relatively slowly, because it was an [[interpreted programming language]]. All program lines must be numbered; all non-numbered lines are considered to be commands in direct mode to be executed immediately. Program source files are normally saved in binary compressed format with [[token (parser)|token]]s replacing commands, with an option to save in [[ASCII]] text form.<ref name="DocUtil">{{cite web|url=http://www.xs4all.nl/~hwiegman/gwbasic.html |title=GW-BASIC Documentation and Utilities |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071217161146/http://www.xs4all.nl/~hwiegman/gwbasic.html |archivedate = 2007-12-17}}</ref>
 
The GW-BASIC command-line environment has commands to <code>RUN,LOAD,SAVE,LIST</code> the current program, or quit to the operating <code>SYSTEM</code>; these commands can also be used as program statements. There is little support for [[structured programming]] in GW-BASIC. All <code>IF/THEN/ELSE</code> [[conditional (programming)|conditional statements]] must be written on one line, although <code>WHILE/WEND</code> statements may group multiple lines. [[subroutine|Functions]] can only be defined using the single line <code>[[User-defined_function#BASIC_language|DEF FN]]f(x)=</code><mathematical function of x> statement (e.g., <code>DEF FNLOG(base,number)=LOG(number)/LOG(base)</code>). The data type of [[variable (programming)|variable]]s can be specified with a character at the end of the variable name: <code>A$</code> is a [[string (computer science)|string]] of characters, <code>A%</code> is an [[integer]], etc. Groups of variables can also be set to default types based on the initial letter of their name by use of the <code>DEFINT, DEFSTR</code>, etc., statements. The default type for undeclared variables not identified by such typing statements, is single-precision [[floating point]].<ref name="Guide">{{cite web|url=http://www.xs4all.nl/~hwiegman/gw-man/index.html|title=GW-BASIC User's Guide|year=1987|accessdate=2008-06-28|author=}}</ref>
 
GW-BASIC allowed use of [[joystick]] and [[light pen]] input devices. GW-BASIC can read from and write to files and [[serial port|COM port]]s; it can also do event trapping for ports. Since the [[compact cassette|cassette]] port interface of the original IBM PC was never implemented on compatibles, cassette operations are not supported. GW-BASIC can play simple music using the <code>PLAY</code> statement, needing a string of notes represented in a [[music macro language]] (e.g. <code>PLAY "edcdeee2dfedc4"</code>). More [[low-level]] control is possible with the <code>SOUND</code> statement, which takes the arguments of a [[frequency]] in [[hertz]] and a length in clock ticks for the standard internal [[PC speaker]] in IBM machines. Consequently sound is limited to single channel beeps and whistles as befits a 'business' machine. Home-based PCs such as the [[Tandy 1000]] allowed up to three channels of sound for the <code>SOUND</code> and <code>PLAY</code> commands.<ref name="Guide"/>
 
== Name ==
There are several theories on what the initials "GW" stand for. [[Greg Whitten]], an early [[Microsoft]] employee who developed the standards in the company's BASIC compiler line, says [[Bill Gates]] picked the name GW-BASIC. Whitten refers to it as ''Gee-Whiz'' BASIC and is unsure if Gates named the program after him.<ref name="Whitten">{{cite web|url=http://www.classiccmp.org/pipermail/cctech/2005-April/042999.html|title=GW-BASIC|date=2005-04-13|accessdate=2008-06-29|author=Gregory Whitten}}</ref> The ''Microsoft User Manual'' from [[Microsoft Press]] also refers to it by this name.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} It may have also been [[nickname]]d ''Gee-Whiz'' because it had a large number of [[2D computer graphics|graphics]] commands.<ref name="Whitten"/> Other common theories as to the initials' origins include "Graphics and Windows", "[[Bill Gates|Gates, William]]" (Microsoft's president at the time), or "Gates-Whitten" (the two main designers of the program).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/g.html|title=Linux Dictionary:G|date=|accessdate=2008-06-28|author=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://classiccmp.org/pipermail/cctech/2005-April/042967.html|title=GW-BASIC|date=2005-04-13|accessdate=2008-06-28|author=}}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
==External links==
* [http://www.moorecad.com/classicbasic/index.html Classic Basic Games Page], a resource for BASIC games and other programs
* [http://peyre.x10.mx/GWBASIC/index.htm Back to BASICs], another BASIC resource site
* {{Wayback |url=http://geocities.com/KindlyRat/GWBASIC.html |title=GW-BASIC interpreter program and files download site |date=20091027112638 }}
* [http://hwiegman.home.xs4all.nl/gw-man/index.html GW-BASIC User's Manual]
* [http://www.garybeene.com/qbasic/qb-hist.htm Gary Beene's Information Center] regarding BASIC, with timeline dates for DOS, Windows and BASIC dialects
* [http://www.gw-basic.com GW-BASIC - Gee Whiz!] Neil C. Obremski’s site devoted to GW-BASIC.
 
{{BASIC}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gw-Basic}}
[[Category:Discontinued Microsoft BASICs]]
[[Category:Programming languages created in 1983]]
[[Category:BASIC interpreters]]

Latest revision as of 19:06, 1 January 2015

When it comes to home improvement, great deals of useful tools are available for those who prefer to execute this kind of task, which can make the procedure feel extremely frightening. Continue reading for some practical recommendations on keeping the tension degree low and completing your home enhancement project effectively.

Organize your house by bottling up your yarn and other fragile craft products. Two liter containers like those soda been available in are fantastic for saving almost every little thing. Get rid of the label, cut a slit down the side and place your skeins or balls of yarn! Draw the loosened end through the top and replace the cap to safeguard it.

Remodel your storage room by making using of closet planner kits. These sets are developed to optimize useful space in your wardrobe. Go There includes further about the reason for it. A basic set generally comes with a closet rod and enough elements to give you multiple shelves that you could change. Added parts can be acquired to tailor your wardrobe even more. This is a terrific many ways to add storage option room in your home without a major remodel.

Just before you begin your next house renovation project, make the effort to try to find inspiration in journals, colour examples and anything else that you can discover. It is essential to prepare in advance to make sure that you do not get stuck attempting to do excessive when it is time for you to begin your project. This will certainly make the whole procedure a lot more relaxing for you.

A wonderful method to include some life to your cabinets and end tables, is by including some great tablecloths. You could make your own by buying some good greater end material and sewing in the ends to avoid fraying. In the event people wish to learn more on official site, we know about many databases people might consider investigating. Arrange your products in a visually kindlying way, which makes sure to be the brand-new focal point of your room.

It is not a good idea to make any type of major home restorations when you will market your house. The very best point to deal with is the several ways that your home looks from the outdoors considering that a great deal of prospective buyers will certainly take a look at the visual appeal as the very first indicator of whether they such as a home or otherwise.

When you are painting your home be sure to make use of ground cloth or some other kind of textile to record the paint. If there are paint drips around floors then it will certainly offer customers a need to request a reduced cost or urge them to pick one more home.

When changing floor covering, think about the kind of foot-traffic that will certainly be in the space. Rock and ceramic floorings are perfect for higher visitor traffic areas such as the reception and bathroom. Areas in your home that have reduced website traffic, such as individual bed rooms, are a lot better fit for flooring that is more appealing however more difficult to cleanse.

Outside lights will certainly give you comfort at night, and include charm to your landscape design. Take into consideration activity sensor lights, as this will minimize the amount of power utilized when the outdoors are not inhabited, and can also scare away undesirable animals or even burglars. Set up the lights in critical areas, such as the specific area noticeable to you from a glass, and the path from your vehicle to the front door.

Interior lights can be utilized to create the illusion of spaciousness in narrow hallways or nooks. Install light fixtures above eye degree along the length of the corridor in such a way that the light is routed downward. Along with making the area really feel larger, it can also be made use of to illuminate family pictures and ornamental wall aspects.

Timber, ceramic tile, or carpet substitute could be pricey. I discovered the best by searching the San Francisco Watchman. If you are looking to save cash, think of discoloring the concrete subfloor rather than going with among the above choices. This is relatively easy and can accommodate any type of style.

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Completing house enhancement jobs on your own is quite meeting. The method is locating the best details to draw up good prepare for your work, and to follow it from start to finish. This will certainly lower the errors that may crop up or else..

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