Errors and residuals in statistics: Difference between revisions

From formulasearchengine
Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
en>Livingthingdan
→Example: link to explain the independence assertion.
en>Stepenw
m →Regressions: fix two typos
 
(One intermediate revision by one other user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{About|astrophysics|the measure in cycling|Arthur_Eddington#Eddington_number_(cycling)}}
In [[astrophysics]], the '''Eddington number''', ''N''<sub>Edd</sub>, is the number of [[proton]]s in the [[observable universe]]. The name honors the [[United Kingdom|British]] astrophysicist [[Arthur Eddington]] who, in 1938, was the first to propose a calculation of ''N''<sub>Edd</sub>, and to explain why this number could be important for [[cosmology]] and the foundations of [[physics]].


In the late 1930s, the best experimental value of the [[fine structure constant]], α, was about 1/136. Eddington began by arguing, from aesthetic and [[numerological]] considerations, that α should be ''exactly'' 1/136. He then gave a "proof" that ''N''<sub>Edd</sub> = 136×2<sup>256</sup>, or about 1.57×10<sup>79</sup>. In the 1938 [[Tarner Lectures|Tarner Lecture]] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], Eddington averred that:


{{quotation |I believe there are 15 747 724 136 275 002 577 605 653 961 181 555 468 044 717 914 527 116 709 366 231 425 076 185 631 031 296 [[proton]]s in the universe and the same number of [[electron]]s.<ref>Eddington (1939), lecture titled "The Philosophy of Physical Science."</ref>}}
Slightly older video games ought in order to be discarded. They can indeed be worth some money at several video retailers. Means positivity . buy and sell in several game titles, you could even get your upcoming bill at no cost!<br><br>In the instance as a parent you're the one concerned with movie online game content, control what down-loadable mods are put each morning sport. These downloadable mods are usually caused by players, perhaps not often the gaming businesses, therefore there's no ranking system. What you thought was a realistically un-risky game can immediately go a lot worse using any of these mods.<br><br>This can be a ideal place the placed you can uncover a simple and ample clash of clans secrets-and-cheats hack tool. With a single click on on the button, you can have a wonderful time in this Facebook/cell amusement and by no means use up the matters you call for. Underneath is a obtain button for you to get Clash of Clans identify now. In seconds, you will get the necessary items and never have you stress over gems in addition coins all over additional.<br><br>Up to now, there exists little or no social options / functions with this game when i.e. there is not any chat, finding it difficult to team track of all friends, etc but manage we could expect all of this to improve soon even though Boom Beach continues to stay their Beta Mode.<br><br>Just variety of participants of which perform Clash of Clans across the world this can help you the chance for you to crew up with clans that have been including players from different countries around the world and can also keep yourself competitive towards other clans. This will help make the game considerably more entertaining as you will choose a great deal of diverse strategies that might be used by participants and here boosts the unpredictability chemical. Getting the right strategy to win is where the player's skills are tested, though the game is simple to play and understand.<br><br>In case you liked this information in addition to you desire to acquire details regarding [http://prometeu.net Hack Clash Of Clans] kindly check out the internet site. You'll see for yourself that personal Money Compromise of Clans i fairly effective, very well [https://Www.google.com/search?hl=en&gl=us&tbm=nws&q=invisible invisible] by the executive of the game, above all absolutely no price!<br><br>The specific amend additionally permits for you to access the ability of one's Sensei application buffs provided with the Dojo because. Dojo win band technique. Furthermore, it introduces new customized headgear and equipment, new barrio and safeguarding, and new assemblage positive changes.
 
This large number was soon named the "Eddington number." Shortly thereafter, improved measurements of α yielded values closer to 1/137, whereupon Eddington changed his 'proof' to show that α had to be ''exactly'' 1/137<ref>Eddington (1946)</ref> – a feat for which ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' dubbed him "Sir Arthur Adding-One."
 
The most precise value of ''α'' obtained experimentally (as of 2012):<ref>
{{Cite journal
|author=Tatsumi Aoyama, Masashi Hayakawa, Toichiro Kinoshita, Makiko Nio
|year=2012
|title=Tenth-Order QED Contribution to the Electron g-2 and an Improved Value of the Fine Structure Constant
|journal=[[Physical Review Letters]]
|volume=109
|issue=11 |page=111807
|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.111807
|url=http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.111807
|arxiv = 1205.5368v2 |bibcode = 2012PhRvL.109k1807A }}</ref>
: <math>\alpha^{-1} = 137.035\,999\,174(35).</math>
 
Hence no one maintains any longer that α is the [[unit fraction|reciprocal of an integer]]. Nor does anyone take seriously a mathematical connection between the value of α and ''N''<sub>Edd</sub>. [[Observable_universe#Matter_content|More defendable estimates]] of ''N''<sub>Edd</sub> point to a value of about 10<sup>80</sup>.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} These estimates assume that all matter can be taken to be [[hydrogen]], and require assumed values for the numbers and sizes of [[galaxie]]s and [[star]]s in the universe.
 
On possible roles for ''N''<sub>Edd</sub> in contemporary [[cosmology]], especially its connection with the [[Dirac large numbers hypothesis|large number coincidences]], see Barrow (2002) (easier) and Barrow and Tipler (1986: 224–31) (harder).
 
==Notes==
<!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags-->
<references/>
 
==See also==
*[[Eddington–Dirac number]]
*[[Observable universe]]
*[[Arthur_Stanley_Eddington#Eddington_number_.28cycling.29|Eddington number (cycling)]]
 
==Bibliography==
*[[John D. Barrow]], 2002. ''The Constants of Nature; From Alpha to Omega - The Numbers that Encode the Deepest Secrets of the Universe''. Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-375-42221-8.
*{{cite book | author=-------- & [[Frank J. Tipler]] | title=[[Anthropic Principle|The Anthropic Cosmological Principle]] | year=1986 | location=London | publisher=Oxford University Press}}
*{{cite book | author=Dingle, H. | year=1954 | title=The Sources of Eddington's Philosophy | location=London | publisher=Cambridge University Press }}
*{{cite book | author=[[Arthur Eddington]] | title=The Nature of the Physical World | year=1928 | location=London | publisher=Cambridge University Press }}
*{{cite book | author=-------- | title=New Pathways in Science | year=1935 | location=London | publisher=Cambridge University Press }}
*{{cite book | author=-------- | title=The Philosophy of Physical Science | year=1939 | location=London | publisher=Cambridge University Press }}
*{{cite book | author=-------- | title=Fundamental Theory | year=1946 | location=London | publisher=Cambridge University Press }}
*{{cite book | author=[[Clive W. Kilmister|Kilmister, C.W.]] & Tupper, B.O.J. | year=1962 | title=Eddington's Statistical Theory | location=London | publisher=Oxford University Press }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mohr, P.J. & Taylor, B.N. | title=CODATA recommended values of the fundamental phh | pages=1&ndash;107 | doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.77.1 | year=2005 | journal=Reviews of Modern Physics | volume=77 | bibcode=2005RvMP...77....1M}}
*{{cite book | author=Slater, N.B. | year=1957 | title=Development and Meaning in Eddington's Fundamental Theory | location=London | publisher=Cambridge University Press }}
*{{cite book | author=[[E. T. Whittaker|Whittaker, E.T.]] | year=1951 | title=Eddington's Principle in the Philosophy of Science | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=London }}
*{{cite book | author=-------- | year=1958 | title=From Euclid to Eddington | publisher=Dover | location=New York }}
 
[[Category:Numerology]]
[[Category:Astrophysics]]

Latest revision as of 17:21, 12 January 2015


Slightly older video games ought in order to be discarded. They can indeed be worth some money at several video retailers. Means positivity . buy and sell in several game titles, you could even get your upcoming bill at no cost!

In the instance as a parent you're the one concerned with movie online game content, control what down-loadable mods are put each morning sport. These downloadable mods are usually caused by players, perhaps not often the gaming businesses, therefore there's no ranking system. What you thought was a realistically un-risky game can immediately go a lot worse using any of these mods.

This can be a ideal place the placed you can uncover a simple and ample clash of clans secrets-and-cheats hack tool. With a single click on on the button, you can have a wonderful time in this Facebook/cell amusement and by no means use up the matters you call for. Underneath is a obtain button for you to get Clash of Clans identify now. In seconds, you will get the necessary items and never have you stress over gems in addition coins all over additional.

Up to now, there exists little or no social options / functions with this game when i.e. there is not any chat, finding it difficult to team track of all friends, etc but manage we could expect all of this to improve soon even though Boom Beach continues to stay their Beta Mode.

Just variety of participants of which perform Clash of Clans across the world this can help you the chance for you to crew up with clans that have been including players from different countries around the world and can also keep yourself competitive towards other clans. This will help make the game considerably more entertaining as you will choose a great deal of diverse strategies that might be used by participants and here boosts the unpredictability chemical. Getting the right strategy to win is where the player's skills are tested, though the game is simple to play and understand.

In case you liked this information in addition to you desire to acquire details regarding Hack Clash Of Clans kindly check out the internet site. You'll see for yourself that personal Money Compromise of Clans i fairly effective, very well invisible by the executive of the game, above all absolutely no price!

The specific amend additionally permits for you to access the ability of one's Sensei application buffs provided with the Dojo because. Dojo win band technique. Furthermore, it introduces new customized headgear and equipment, new barrio and safeguarding, and new assemblage positive changes.

Retrieved from "https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Errors_and_residuals_in_statistics&oldid=230790"