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| The '''Syriac Sinaitic''' (syr<sup>s</sup>), known also as the '''Sinaitic Palimpsest''', of [[Saint Catherine's Monastery]] is a late 4th century [[manuscript]] of 358 pages, containing a translation of the four canonical [[gospel]]s of the [[New Testament]] into [[Syriac language|Syriac]], which have been overwritten by a ''vita'' (biography) of female [[saint]]s and [[martyr]]s with a date corresponding to AD 778. This [[palimpsest]] is the oldest copy of the gospels in Syriac, one of two surviving manuscripts (the other being the [[Curetonian Gospels]]) that are conventionally dated to before the [[Peshitta]], the standard Syriac translation of the Bible.
| | == was the master of the universe using other cycle times == |
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| ==Text==
| | Directly,[http://www.alleganycountyfair.org/_vti_cnf/rakuten_oakley_16.htm オークリー 激安 サングラス], 'It suddenly learned ...... messaging exchanges Pei original line of the main wings treasure before reincarnation dozen times, had appeared in the original universe too,[http://www.alleganycountyfair.org/_vti_cnf/rakuten_oakley_18.htm オークリー サングラス フラックジャケット], was the master of the universe using other cycle times, after being purple May the Holy Land strong kill,[http://www.alleganycountyfair.org/_vti_cnf/rakuten_oakley_51.htm 激安オークリーサングラス], took it back with wings treasure,[http://www.alleganycountyfair.org/_vti_cnf/rakuten_oakley_68.htm オークリー サングラス レーダー], so far,[http://www.alleganycountyfair.org/_vti_cnf/rakuten_oakley_16.htm オークリー 激安 サングラス], only appeared in the universe sea. '<br><br>Luo Feng suddenly.<br><br>dozen former transmigration era there have been? No wonder the other three reincarnation detailed information era, this ancient message,[http://www.alleganycountyfair.org/_vti_cnf/rakuten_oakley_33.htm オークリー サングラス ピットブル], it will more clearly the two holy places.<br><br>'wings this treasure in the original is called 'colored cloud wing'.' Chaos Santo Road, 'is the force of weapons belonging to read the top-class treasure of the best,[http://www.alleganycountyfair.org/_vti_cnf/rakuten_oakley_17.htm ゴルフ用サングラスオークリー], one,[http://www.alleganycountyfair.org/_vti_cnf/rakuten_oakley_2.htm ロードバイク サングラス オークリー], making flight change to accelerate so fast. Second, there is bound Vaillant. had shackles Vaillant is now nowhere near the main line of the display of this Pei, Pei main line of this apparently through 'colored Yun Yi' cast out of the strongest secret law, in order to have this power. '<br><br>Luo Feng listen eyes |
| Both syr<sup>s</sup> and syr<sup>cur</sup> contain similar renderings of the gospel text, exhibiting conformity with the Greek. Even so, syr<sup>s</sup> retains some readings from even earlier lost Syriac gospels and from the 2nd century [[Greek language|Greek]] [[manuscripts]], which brought the four gospels into harmony with one another through selective readings and emendations.<ref>See [[Gospel harmony]].</ref>
| | 相关的主题文章： |
| | | <ul> |
| The importance of such early, least conforming texts is emphasized by the revision of the Peshitta that was made about 508, ordered by bishop [[Philoxenus of Mabbog]]. His revision, it is said, skilfully moved the Peshitta nearer to the Greek text; "it is very remarkable that his own frequent gospel quotations preserved in his writings show that he used an Old Syriac set of the four gospels".<ref>[http://www.ashu39.dsl.pipex.com/ChristianMysteries/syriac_versions.html Steven Ring: ''Ancient Syriac New Testament Versions''.]</ref>
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| | | <li>[http://www.cyxf.com/BBS/showtopic-134331.aspx http://www.cyxf.com/BBS/showtopic-134331.aspx]</li> |
| ==History==
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| The palimpsest was identified in the library at Saint Catherine's Monastery in February 1892 by [[Agnes Smith Lewis]] and her sister [[Margaret Dunlop Gibson]], who returned with a team of scholars that included [[J. Rendel Harris]], to photograph and transcribe the work in its entirety.<ref>[http://www.metamind.net/sisterbio.html A. S. Lewis and her sister M. D. Gibson and the discovery of the Sinaitic Palimpsest].</ref>
| | <li>[http://www.dacascosfan.com/cgi/gbmark/guestbook.cgi http://www.dacascosfan.com/cgi/gbmark/guestbook.cgi]</li> |
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| The German theologian [[Adalbert Merx]] devoted much of his later research to the elucidation of the Sinaitic Palimpsest, the results being embodied in ''Die vier kanonischen Evangelien nach dem ältesten bekannten Texte'' (1897-1905).
| | <li>[http://web.wh100idc.com/plus/feedback.php?aid=10 http://web.wh100idc.com/plus/feedback.php?aid=10]</li> |
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| The Sinaitic Palimpsest immediately became a central document in tracing the history of the New Testament. The palimpsest's importance lies especially in making the Greek New Testament manuscripts understandable to [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]] speaking communities during that period.
| | </ul> |
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| == Notable readings ==
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| The palimpsest lacks the [[Mark 16|last 12 verses of Mark]], [[Christ's agony at Gethsemane|Christ's agony]] (Luke 22:43-44), the [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery|Pericope Adulteræ]] (John 7:53-8:11), and the reconciliation of Pilate with Herod (Luke 23:10-12).<ref>H. Schumacher, ''A Handbook of Scripture Study'' (B. Herder Book Co.: London 1923), p. 39.</ref>
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| In Matthew 4:10, it contains a singular reading reflecting the Greek ὕπαγε ὀπίσω σου (''get you behind'' or ''get behind you'').
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| Matthew 12:47 is omitted, as in א*, B, [[Codex Regius (New Testament)|L]], [[Codex Tischendorfianus IV|Γ]], 1009, [[Lectionary 12|'''ℓ''' ''12'']], ff<sup>1</sup>, k, syr<sup>c</sup>, cop<sup>sa</sup>.<ref>NA26, p. 46.</ref>
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| In Matthew 14:12, it reflects πτωμα (''corpse'') with א B C D L Θ ''f''<sup>1</sup> ''f''<sup>13</sup> [[Minuscule 33|33]] 565 700 892 1241 1424 e k '''ℓ''' ''844'' '''ℓ''' ''2211'' syr<sup>c, p</sup> cop<sup>bo</sup>
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| In Matthew 16:12, it reflects της ζυμης (''leaven'') with D, Θ, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, 565, a, b, ff<sup>2</sup>
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| Matthew 21:44 is omitted, as in [[Papyrus 104|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>104</sup>]], D, 33, it<sup>a.b.d.e</sup>, ff<sup>1</sup>, ff<sup>2</sup>, r<sup>1</sup>, [[Irenaeus]]<sup>lat</sup>, [[Origen]], [[Eusebius of Caesarea|Eusebius]]
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| In Matthew 27:9, text reflecting Ιερεμιου (''Jeremiah'') is omitted, as in [[Codex Beratinus|Φ]] 33 it<sup>[[Codex Vercellensis|a]]</sup> it<sup>[[Codex Veronensis|b]]</sup> syr<sup>p</sup> cop<sup>bo</sup>
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| In Matthew 27:16, it reflects Ἰησοῦν τὸν Βαραββᾶν (''Jesus the Barabbas'') with [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]] ''f''<sup>1</sup> 700* arm geo<sup>2</sup>
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| In Mark 2:26, the phrase ''when Abiatar was high priest'' is omitted, as in D, W, 1009, 1546, it<sup>a.b.d.e.ff<sup>2</sup>.i.r<sup>1</sup>.t</sup>
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| In Mark 10:2, the phrase ''the Pharisees came'' is omitted, as in D, it<sup>a.b.d.k.r<sup>1</sup></sup>, (syr<sup>cur</sup>)
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| In Mark 10:7, the phrase ''and be joined to his wife'' is omitted, as in [[Codex Sinaiticus|א]], [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|B]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], [[Minuscule 892|892]]*, [[Minuscule 2427|2427]], [[Lectionary 48|'''ℓ''' ''48'']], goth.<ref>UBS3, p. 164.</ref>
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| In Luke 4:17, it reflects ἀνοίξας (''opened'') with A, B, L, W, Ξ, 33, 579, 892, 1195, 1241, [[Lectionary 547|'''ℓ''' ''547'']], syr<sup>h, pal</sup>, cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>
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| In Luke 9:35, it reflects ἐκλελεγμένος (''Elect One'') with [[Papyrus 45|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>45</sup>]] [[Papyrus 75|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>75</sup>]] א B L Ξ 892 1241 it<sup>a.aur.ff<sup>2</sup>.l</sup> vg<sup>st</sup> cop<sup>mss</sup>
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| In Luke 10:41b-42a, the phrase ''you are worried and being troubled about many things, but only one thing is needed'' is omitted, as in it<sup>a.b.d.e.ff<sup>2</sup>.i.l.r<sup>1</sup></sup> [[Ambrose]]
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| In Luke 23:34, the phrase ''And Jesus said: Father forgive them, they know not what they do'' is omitted, agreeing with [[Papyrus 75|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>75</sup>]], [[Codex Sinaiticus|א<sup>1</sup>]], [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|B]], [[Codex Bezae|D*]], [[Codex Washingtonianus|W]], [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]], [[Uncial 070|0124]], 1241, [[Codex Vercellensis|a]], Bezae<sup>lat</sup>, cop<sup>sa</sup>, cop<sup>bo</sup>.<ref>UBS4, p. 311.</ref>
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| Luke 24:40 is omitted, as in D it<sup>a.b.d.e.ff<sup>2</sup>.l.r<sup>1</sup></sup>, syr<sup>cur</sup>
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| In Luke 24:52, the phrase ''after worshiping him'' is omitted, as in D it<sup>a.b.d.e.ff<sup>2</sup>.geo<sup>2</sup>.l</sup> (syr<sup>cur</sup>)
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| In Luke 24:53, it reflects εὐλογοῦντες (''blessing'') with <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>75</sup> א B C* L
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| In John 1:34, it reflects ὁ ἐκλεκτός (''the Elect One'') with [[Papyrus 5|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>5</sup>]] [[Papyrus 106|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>106</sup>]]<sup>vid</sup> א* it<sup>b.e.ff<sup>2*</sup></sup> syr<sup>cur</sup>
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| In John 6:23, the phrase ''the Lord having given thanks'' is omitted, as in D [[Uncial 091|091]] it<sup>a.e</sup> syr<sup>cur</sup>
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| In John 6:42, the phrase ''and his mother'' is omitted, as in א* W it<sup>b</sup> syr<sup>cur</sup>
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| In John 6:46, it contains a singular reading reflecting the Greek θεον πατερα (''God the Father'').
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| In John 6:47, it reflects ὁ πιστεύων εις θεον ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον (''he who is believing '''in God''' has life everlasting'') in agreement only with syr<sup>cur</sup>.
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| In John 6:51, it reflects του εμου ἄρτου (''my bread'') with א it<sup>a.e.r<sup>1</sup></sup>
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| In John 6:64, the text ''who they are who are not believing, and'' is omitted, as in [[Papyrus 66|<math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>66*</sup>]] it<sup>e</sup> syr<sup>cur</sup>
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| In John 7:32, the phrase ''the chief priests and the Pharisees'' is omitted, as in [[Minuscule 118|118]] it<sup>b.e</sup>
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| In John 8:16, text reflecting πατήρ (''father'') is omitted, as in א* D 1655* it<sup>d</sup> syr<sup>cur</sup>
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| In John 8:53, the phrase ''our father'' is omitted, as in D W it<sup>a.b.c.d.e.ff<sup>2</sup>.j.l</sup> cop<sup>pbo</sup>
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| In John 9:18, the phrase ''had been blind and had received sight'' is omitted, as in <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>66*</sup> ''f''<sup>1</sup> 565 it<sup>mss</sup> cop<sup>bo</sup>
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| In John 9:35, it reflects υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (''Son of Man'') with <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>66</sup> <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>75</sup> א B D W cop<sup>mss</sup>
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| In John 11:25, the phrase ''and the life'' is omitted, as in <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>45</sup> it<sup>l</sup> [[Diatessaron]]<sup>syr</sup> [[Cyprian]]
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| In John 11:39, the phrase ''the sister of the deceased'' is omitted, as in [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]] it<sup>aur.b.c.e.ff<sup>2</sup>.l</sup> ac<sup>2</sup>
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| In John 11:51, the phrase ''of that year'' is omitted, as in <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>45</sup> it<sup>e.l</sup>
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| John 12:8 is omitted, as in D it<sup>d</sup>
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| In John 13:32, the phrase ''If God has been glorified in him'' is omitted, as in <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>66</sup> א* B C* D L W 579 it vg<sup>mss</sup> syr<sup>h</sup> ac<sup>2</sup> mf co<sup>bo<sup>mss</sup></sup>
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| In John 14:1, the phrase ''And he said to his disciples'' starts the passage, as in D it<sup>a.aur.c</sup>
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| John 14:14 in omitted, as in X [[Codex Tischendorfianus III|Λ]]* [[Uncial 0141|0141]] ''f''<sup>1</sup> [[Minuscule 565|565]] it<sup>b</sup> vg<sup>ms</sup> arm
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| John 16:3 is omitted.
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| In John 16:28, the phrase ''I came forth from the Father'' is omitted, as in D W it<sup>b.d.ff<sup>2</sup></sup> ac<sup>2</sup> cop<sup>pbo</sup>
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| In John 17:14, the phrase ''just as I am not of the world'' is omitted, as in <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>66*</sup> D ''f''<sup>13</sup> it
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| In John 18:5, the phrase ''the one betraying him'' is omitted, as in <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>66*<sup>vid</sup></sup>
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| In John 18:13-24, the verse order is 13, 24, 14-15, 19–23, 16–18
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| In John 20:1, the text reads ''from the opening of the tomb'' with א W ''f''<sup>1</sup> 22 565 579 it<sup>d.f.r<sup>1</sup></sup> vg<sup>ms</sup> cop<sup>bo</sup> cop<sup>pbo</sup>
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| John 20:13 contains an interpolation (in bold): ''Woman, why are you weeping? '''Who are you seeking?''''' This reading is supported by A* D 579 1424
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| John 20:26 contains a singular reading (in bold): ''And after eight days, '''on the first day of the Sabbath (week?)'''''
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| In John 21:4, the passage concludes with ''yet, they knew not'' as with <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>66</sup> א L Ψ 33 844 lat
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| In John 21:13, it reflects ευχαριστησας εδωκεν αὐτοῖς (''upon giving thanks, he gave it to them'') as with D it<sup>f.r<sup>1</sup></sup> vg<sup>mss</sup>
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Aramaic primacy]]
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| * [[Codex Sinaiticus]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| ==External links==
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| * Agnes Smith Lewis, [http://www.archive.org/stream/catalogueofsyria00sainrich#page/n13/mode/2up ''Catalogue of the Syriac mss. in the Convent of S. Catharine on Mount Sinai''] (1894)
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| * [http://www.ashu39.dsl.pipex.com/ChristianMysteries/syriac_versions.html "Ancient Syriac New Testament Versions"]: summary of how these ancient Syriac versions of the gospel are related and the context of their creation
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| * [http://www.metamind.net/burkittbio.html Dr Francis Crawford Burkitt and the Sinaitic Palimpsest]
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| [[Category:4th-century biblical manuscripts]]
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| [[Category:Syriac manuscripts]]
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