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| {{Refimprove|date=September 2009}}
| | The author is recognized by the title of Figures Lint. I utilized to be unemployed but now I am a librarian and the wage has been truly fulfilling. Doing ceramics is what love doing. Years ago we moved to Puerto Rico and my family enjoys it.<br><br>Also visit my web-site [http://immbooks.com/blogs/post/44599 http://immbooks.com/blogs/post/44599] |
| '''Void ratio''', in [[materials science]], is related to [[porosity]] and defined as the [[ratio]]:
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| :<math>e = \frac{V_V}{V_S} = \frac{V_V}{V_T - V_V} = \frac{\phi}{1 - \phi}</math>
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| :<math>\phi = \frac{V_V}{V_T} = \frac{V_V}{V_S + V_V} = \frac{e}{1 + e}</math>
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| where <math>e</math> is void ratio, <math>\phi</math> is [[porosity]], ''V''<sub>V</sub> is the volume of void-space (such as fluids), ''V''<sub>S</sub> is the volume of solids, and ''V''<sub>T</sub> is the total or bulk volume. This figure is relevant in [[Composite material|composites]], in [[mining]] (particular with regard to the properties of [[tailings]]), and in [[soil science]]. In [[geotechnical engineering]], it is considered as one of the state variables of soils and represented by the symbol '''''e'''''.<ref>Lambe, T. William & Robert V. Whitman. ''Soil Mechanics''. Wiley, 1991; p. 29. ISBN 978-0-471-51192-2</ref> <ref>Santamarina, J. Carlos, Katherine A. Klein, & Moheb A. Fam. ''Soils and Waves: Particulate Materials Behavior, Characterization and Process Monitoring''. Wiley, 2001; pp. 35-36 & 51-53. ISBN 978-0-471-49058-6</ref>
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| Note that in [[geotechnical engineering]], the symbol <math>\phi</math> usually represents the angle of shearing resistance, a [[shear strength (soil)]] parameter.
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| Because of this, the equation is usually written:
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| :<math>e = \frac{V_V}{V_S} = \frac{V_V}{V_T - V_V} = \frac{n}{1 - n}</math> | |
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| and
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| :<math>n = \frac{V_V}{V_T} = \frac{V_V}{V_S + V_V} = \frac{e}{1 + e}</math>
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| where <math>e</math> is void ratio, <math>n</math> is [[porosity]], ''V''<sub>V</sub> is the volume of void-space (air and water), ''V''<sub>S</sub> is the volume of solids, and ''V''<sub>T</sub> is the total or bulk volume.<ref> Craig, R. F. ''Craig's Soil Mechanics.'' London: Spon, 2004, p.18. ISBN 0-203-49410-5.</ref>
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| ==Engineering applications==
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| * Volume change tendency control. If void ratio is high (loose soils) voids in a soil skeleton tend to minimize under loading - adjacent particles contract. The opposite situation, i.e. when void ratio is relatively small (dense soils), indicates that the volume of the soil is vulnerable to increase under loading - particles dilate.
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| * Fluid conductivity control (ability of water movement through the soil). Loose soils show high conductivity, while dense soils are not so permeable.
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| * Particles movement. In a loose soil particles can move quite easily, whereas in a dense one finer particles cannot pass through the voids, which leads to clogging.
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| == References ==
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| <references/>
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| {{Geotechnical engineering|state=collapsed}}
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| [[Category:Materials science]]
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| [[Category:Soil mechanics]]
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| [[Category:Earth sciences]]
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| [[Category:Soil science]]
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| [[Category:Mining]]
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The author is recognized by the title of Figures Lint. I utilized to be unemployed but now I am a librarian and the wage has been truly fulfilling. Doing ceramics is what love doing. Years ago we moved to Puerto Rico and my family enjoys it.
Also visit my web-site http://immbooks.com/blogs/post/44599