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In [[mathematics]], the '''conductor-discriminant formula''' or '''Führerdiskriminantenproduktformel''', introduced by {{harvs|txt|authorlink=Helmut Hasse|last=Hasse|year1=1926|year2=1930}} for abelian extensions and by  {{harvs|txt|authorlink=Emil Artin|last=Artin|year=1931}} for Galois extensions,  is a formula calculating the relative [[discriminant of an algebraic number field|discriminant]] of a finite Galois extension <math>L/K</math> of local or [[global field]]s from the [[Artin conductor]]s of the [[character theory|irreducible characters]] <math>\mathrm{Irr}(G)</math> of the [[Galois group]] <math>G = G(L/K)</math>.
 
== Statement ==
Let <math>L/K</math> be a finite Galois extension of global fields with Galois group <math>G</math>. Then the [[discriminant of an algebraic number field|discriminant]] equals
 
:: <math>\mathfrak{d}_{L/K} = \prod_{\chi \in \mathrm{Irr}(G)}\mathfrak{f}(\chi)^{\chi(1)},</math>
 
where <math>\mathfrak{f}(\chi)</math> equals the global [[Artin conductor]] of <math>\chi</math>.{{sfn|Neukirch|1999|loc=VII.11.9}}
 
== Example ==
Let <math>L = \mathbf{Q}(\zeta_{p^n})/\mathbf{Q}</math> be a [[cyclotomic field|cyclotomic extension]] of the rationals. The Galois group <math>G</math> equals <math>(\mathbf{Z}/p^n)^\times</math>. Because <math>(p)</math> is the only finite prime ramified, the global Artin conductor <math>\mathfrak{f}(\chi)</math> equals the local one <math>\mathfrak{f}_{(p)}(\chi)</math>. Because <math>G</math> is abelian, every non-trivial irreducible character <math>\chi</math> is of degree <math>1 = \chi(1)</math>. Then, the local Artin conductor of <math>\chi</math> equals the conductor of the <math>\mathfrak{p}</math>-adic completion of <math>L^\chi = L^{\mathrm{ker}(\chi)}/\mathbf{Q}</math>, i.e. <math>(p)^{n_p}</math>, where <math>n_p</math> is the smallest natural number such that <math>U_{\mathbf{Q}_p}^{(n_p)} \subseteq N_{L^\chi_\mathfrak{p}/\mathbf{Q}_p}(U_{L^\chi_\mathfrak{p}})</math>. If <math>p > 2</math>, the Galois group <math>G(L_\mathfrak{p}/\mathbf{Q}_p) = G(L/\mathbf{Q}_p) = (\mathbf{Z}/p^n)^\times</math> is cyclic of order <math>\varphi(p^n)</math>, and by [[local class field theory]] and using that <math>U_{\mathbf{Q}_p}/U^{(k)}_{\mathbf{Q}_p} = (\mathbf{Z}/p^k)^\times</math> one sees easily that <math>\mathfrak{f}_{(p)}(\chi) = (p^{\varphi(p^n)(n - 1/(p-1))})</math>: the exponent is
 
::<math>\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}(\varphi(p^n) - \varphi(p^i)) = n\varphi(p^n) - 1 - (p-1)\sum_{i=0}^{n-2}p^i = n\varphi(p^n) - p^{n-1}.</math>
 
== Notes ==
<references/>
 
== References ==
 
*{{Citation | last1=Artin | first1=Emil | author1-link=Emil Artin | title=Die gruppentheoretische Struktur der Diskriminanten algebraischer Zahlkörper. | url=http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?GDZPPN002171422 | language=German | doi=10.1515/crll.1931.164.1 | zbl= 0001.00801  | year=1931 | journal=Journal für Reine und Angewandte Mathematik | issn=0075-4102 | volume=164 | pages=1–11}}
*{{Citation | last1=Hasse | first1=H. | author1-link=Helmut Hasse | title=Bericht über neuere Untersuchungen und Probleme aus der Theorie der algebraischen Zahlkörper. I: Klassenkörpertheorie. | url=http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?GDZPPN002127768 | language=German | year=1926 | journal=[[Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung]] | volume=35 | pages=1–55}}
*{{Citation | last1=Hasse | first1=H. | author1-link=Helmut Hasse | title=Führer, Diskriminante und Verzweigungskörper relativ-Abelscher Zahlkörper. | url=http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?GDZPPN002171198 | language=German | doi=10.1515/crll.1930.162.169 | year=1930 | journal=[[Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik]] | issn=0075-4102 | volume=162 | pages=169–184}}
* {{Neukirch ANT}}
 
[[Category:Algebraic number theory]]

Latest revision as of 13:05, 10 December 2013

In mathematics, the conductor-discriminant formula or Führerdiskriminantenproduktformel, introduced by Template:Harvs for abelian extensions and by Template:Harvs for Galois extensions, is a formula calculating the relative discriminant of a finite Galois extension L/K of local or global fields from the Artin conductors of the irreducible characters Irr(G) of the Galois group G=G(L/K).

Statement

Let L/K be a finite Galois extension of global fields with Galois group G. Then the discriminant equals

dL/K=χIrr(G)f(χ)χ(1),

where f(χ) equals the global Artin conductor of χ.Template:Sfn

Example

Let L=Q(ζpn)/Q be a cyclotomic extension of the rationals. The Galois group G equals (Z/pn)×. Because (p) is the only finite prime ramified, the global Artin conductor f(χ) equals the local one f(p)(χ). Because G is abelian, every non-trivial irreducible character χ is of degree 1=χ(1). Then, the local Artin conductor of χ equals the conductor of the p-adic completion of Lχ=Lker(χ)/Q, i.e. (p)np, where np is the smallest natural number such that UQp(np)NLpχ/Qp(ULpχ). If p>2, the Galois group G(Lp/Qp)=G(L/Qp)=(Z/pn)× is cyclic of order φ(pn), and by local class field theory and using that UQp/UQp(k)=(Z/pk)× one sees easily that f(p)(χ)=(pφ(pn)(n1/(p1))): the exponent is

i=0n1(φ(pn)φ(pi))=nφ(pn)1(p1)i=0n2pi=nφ(pn)pn1.

Notes


References

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  • Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.

    Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.

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    Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.

    15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.

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  • Template:Neukirch ANT