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Hello! <br>I'm Korean female ;=). <br>I really love Games Club - Dungeons and Dragons, Monopoly, Etc.!<br><br>my web site; [http://www.tarabt.com/profile-327607/info/ читать полный отчет]
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'''Binary Offset Carrier''' (BOC) modulation <ref>ION-AM99</ref><ref>MITRE00</ref> currently used in [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]] <ref>SIS-ICD08</ref> is a square sub-carrier [[modulation]], where a signal is multiplied by a rectangular [[sub-carrier]] of frequency <math>f_{sc}</math> equal or higher to the [[chip (CDMA)]] rate. Following this [[sub-carrier]] [[multiplication]], the [[spectrum]] of the signal is divided into two parts, therefore BOC modulation is also known as a split-spectrum modulation.
 
The main idea behind BOC modulation is to reduce the interference with [[BPSK]]-modulated signal, which has a [[sinc function]] shaped spectrum. Therefore, BPSK-modulated signals such as C/A [[GPS]] codes  have most of their spectral energy concentrated around the carrier frequency, while BOC-modulated signals (used in [[Galileo system]]) have low energy around the carrier frequency and two main spectral lobes further away from the carrier (thus, the name of split-spectrum).
 
BOC modulation has several variants: sine BOC (SinBOC),<ref name="ENC-GNSS04">ENC-GNSS04</ref><ref>ION-GPS02</ref> cosine BOC (CosBOC)<ref name="ENC-GNSS04" /><ref>GJU</ref><ref name="Wiley06">Wiley06</ref> Alternative BOC (AltBOC),<ref>Septentrio</ref><ref>GPSJournal07</ref><ref>Margaria08</ref><ref>IEE06</ref> multiplexed BOC ([[MBOC]]),<ref>InsideGNSS07</ref><ref>ION-GNSS07</ref><ref>ION-GNSS07bis</ref><ref>EW07</ref><ref>ESA06</ref> Double BOC (DBOC) <ref name="Wiley06" /> etc. and some of them have been currently selected for  Galileo [[GNSS]] signals.
 
A BOC waveform is typically denoted via BOC(m,n) or BOC<math>(f_{sc}\;,f_c)</math>, where <math>f_{sc}</math> is the sub-carrier frequency, <math>f_c</math> is the chip frequency, <math>m=f_{sc}/f_{ref}</math>,  <math>n=f_{c}/f_{ref}</math>, and <math>f_{ref}=1.023</math> Mcps is the reference chip frequency of C/A [[GPS]] signal.
 
A sine BOC(1,1) modulation is similar to [[Manchester code]], that is, in digital domain, a '+1' is encoded as a '+1 −1' sequence, and a '0' is encoded as a '−1 +1' sequence.
For an arbitrary <math>N_{BOC}=2m/n</math> modulation order, in sine BOC(m,n) case, a '+1' is encoded as an alternating sequence of '+1 −1 +1 −1 +1 ...', having <math>N_{BOC}</math> elements, and a '0' (or '−1') is encoded as an alternating '−1 +1 ...' sequence, also having <math>N_{BOC}</math> elements.
 
BOC modulation is typically applied on [[CDMA]] signals, where each chip of the [[pseudorandom]] code is split into BOC sub-intervals, as explained above (i.e., there are <math>N_{BOC}</math> BOC intervals per chip).
 
The [[Spectral density|power spectral density]] of a BOC-modulated signal depends on the BOC modulation order <math>N_{BOC}=2\frac{f_{sc}}{f_c}=2\frac{m}{n}</math> and its derivation can be found, for example, in
<ref name="Wiley06" /><ref>VTC04</ref>
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
*Betz J. The offset carrier modulation for GPS modernization. In Proceedings of ION Technical meeting, (Cambridge, Massachusetts) June 1999; 639–648. (ION-AM99)
*J. Betz, “Design and performance of code tracking for the GPS M code signal,” MITRE, Mclean, Va, USA, September 2000, http://www.mitre.org/work/tech_papers/tech_papers_00/ betz_codetracking/ (MITRE00)
* Galileo Open Service Signal in Space Interface Control Document http://www.gsa.europa.eu/go/galileo/os-sis-icd/galileo-open-service-signal-in-space-interface-control-document (SIS-ICD08)
*Hein G, Irsigler M, Rodriguez JA, Pany T. Performance of Galileo L1 signal candidates. In CDROM Proceedings of European Navigation Conference GNSS, May 2004. (ENC-GNSS04)
* Ries L, Lestarquit L, Armengou-Miret E, et al. A software simulation tool for GNSS2 BOC signals analysis. In Proceedings of ION GPS, (Portland, OR) September 2002; 2225-2239 (ION-GPS02)
* GJU. Galileo standardisation document for 3GPP. Galileo Joint Undertaking (GJU) webpages, http://www.galileoju.com/page.cfm?voce=s2&idvoce=64&plugIn=1 (GJU)
*www.septentrio.com/papers/GallileoAltBOC_paperFinal.pdf
*E. S. Lohan, A. Lakhzouri, and M. Renfors, “Binary-offset-carrier modulation techniques with applications in satellite navigation systems,” Wiley Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 7, no. 6, pp.&nbsp;767–779, 2006, http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/112693999/PDFSTART (Wiley06)
* Raghavan SH, Holmes JK. Modeling and simulation of mixed modulation formats for improved CDMA bandwidth efficiency. In Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference 2004; 6: 4290-4295 (VTC04).
* D. Margaria, F. Dovis, P. Mulassano, An Innovative Data Demodulation Technique for Galileo AltBOC Receivers, Journal of Global Positioning Systems, Journal of Global Positioning Systems, Vol.6, No.1, pp.&nbsp;89–96, ISSN: 1446-3156, 2007, http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/wang/jgps/v6n1/v6n1p10.pdf (GPSJournal07)
* D. Margaria, F. Dovis, P. Mulassano, Galileo AltBOC Signal Multiresolution Acquisition Strategy, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, Vol.23, No.11, pp.&nbsp;4–10, ISSN: 0885-8985, November 2008. (Margaria08)
* E. S. Lohan, A. Lakhzouri, M. Renfors, ``Complex Double-Binary-Offset-Carrier modulation for a unitary characterization of Galileo and GPS signals'', IEE Proceedings on Radar, Sonar, and Navigation, vol. 153(5), pp.&nbsp;403-408, Oct 2006.[IEE06]
*  Avila-Rodriguez, J.A., Hein, G.W., Wallner, S., Issler, J.L., Ries, L., Lestarquit, L., De Latour, A., Godet, J., Bastide, F., Pratt, T., Owen, J. The MBOC Modulation- A Final Touch for the Galileo Frequency and Signal Plan, http://www.insidegnss.com/node/174 (InsideGNSS07)
*Avila-Rodriguez, J.A., Wallner, S., Hein, G.W., Eissfeller, B., Irsigler, M., Issler, J.L.: A vision on new frequencies, signals and concepts for future GNSS systems, Proceedings of ION GNSS 2007, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 25–28 September 2007 (ION-GNSS07)
*Avila-Rodriguez, J.A., Hein, G.W., Wallner, S., Issler, J.L., Ries, L., Lestarquit, L., De Latour, A., Godet, J., Bastide, F., Pratt, T., Owen, J.: The MBOC Modulation: The Final Touch to the Galileo Frequency and Signal Plan, Proceedings of ION GNSS 2007, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 25–28 September 2007 (ION-GNSS07bis)
* E.S. Lohan and M. Renfors, ``On the performance of Multiplexed-BOC (MBOC) modulation for future GNSS signals'', in Proc. of European Wireless Conference, Apr 2007, Paris, France.(EW07)
*Avila-Rodriguez J.A., Wallner S., Hein G.W.: MBOC: The New Optimized Spreading Modulation Recommended for Galileo E1 OS and GPS L1C, ESA Navitec 2006, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 11-13 Dec. 2006 (ESA06)
{{Refend}}
 
==External links==
* Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) signal generator in Matlab, http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/12829
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Binary Offset Carrier}}
[[Category:Quantized radio modulation modes]]

Revision as of 19:29, 17 July 2013

30 year-old Entertainer or Range Artist Wesley from Drumheller, really loves vehicle, property developers properties for sale in singapore singapore and horse racing. Finds inspiration by traveling to Works of Antoni Gaudí. Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulation [1][2] currently used in Galileo [3] is a square sub-carrier modulation, where a signal is multiplied by a rectangular sub-carrier of frequency fsc equal or higher to the chip (CDMA) rate. Following this sub-carrier multiplication, the spectrum of the signal is divided into two parts, therefore BOC modulation is also known as a split-spectrum modulation.

The main idea behind BOC modulation is to reduce the interference with BPSK-modulated signal, which has a sinc function shaped spectrum. Therefore, BPSK-modulated signals such as C/A GPS codes have most of their spectral energy concentrated around the carrier frequency, while BOC-modulated signals (used in Galileo system) have low energy around the carrier frequency and two main spectral lobes further away from the carrier (thus, the name of split-spectrum).

BOC modulation has several variants: sine BOC (SinBOC),[4][5] cosine BOC (CosBOC)[4][6][7] Alternative BOC (AltBOC),[8][9][10][11] multiplexed BOC (MBOC),[12][13][14][15][16] Double BOC (DBOC) [7] etc. and some of them have been currently selected for Galileo GNSS signals.

A BOC waveform is typically denoted via BOC(m,n) or BOC(fsc,fc), where fsc is the sub-carrier frequency, fc is the chip frequency, m=fsc/fref, n=fc/fref, and fref=1.023 Mcps is the reference chip frequency of C/A GPS signal.

A sine BOC(1,1) modulation is similar to Manchester code, that is, in digital domain, a '+1' is encoded as a '+1 −1' sequence, and a '0' is encoded as a '−1 +1' sequence. For an arbitrary NBOC=2m/n modulation order, in sine BOC(m,n) case, a '+1' is encoded as an alternating sequence of '+1 −1 +1 −1 +1 ...', having NBOC elements, and a '0' (or '−1') is encoded as an alternating '−1 +1 ...' sequence, also having NBOC elements.

BOC modulation is typically applied on CDMA signals, where each chip of the pseudorandom code is split into BOC sub-intervals, as explained above (i.e., there are NBOC BOC intervals per chip).

The power spectral density of a BOC-modulated signal depends on the BOC modulation order NBOC=2fscfc=2mn and its derivation can be found, for example, in [7][17]

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro. Template:Refbegin

  • Betz J. The offset carrier modulation for GPS modernization. In Proceedings of ION Technical meeting, (Cambridge, Massachusetts) June 1999; 639–648. (ION-AM99)
  • J. Betz, “Design and performance of code tracking for the GPS M code signal,” MITRE, Mclean, Va, USA, September 2000, http://www.mitre.org/work/tech_papers/tech_papers_00/ betz_codetracking/ (MITRE00)
  • Galileo Open Service Signal in Space Interface Control Document http://www.gsa.europa.eu/go/galileo/os-sis-icd/galileo-open-service-signal-in-space-interface-control-document (SIS-ICD08)
  • Hein G, Irsigler M, Rodriguez JA, Pany T. Performance of Galileo L1 signal candidates. In CDROM Proceedings of European Navigation Conference GNSS, May 2004. (ENC-GNSS04)
  • Ries L, Lestarquit L, Armengou-Miret E, et al. A software simulation tool for GNSS2 BOC signals analysis. In Proceedings of ION GPS, (Portland, OR) September 2002; 2225-2239 (ION-GPS02)
  • GJU. Galileo standardisation document for 3GPP. Galileo Joint Undertaking (GJU) webpages, http://www.galileoju.com/page.cfm?voce=s2&idvoce=64&plugIn=1 (GJU)
  • www.septentrio.com/papers/GallileoAltBOC_paperFinal.pdf
  • E. S. Lohan, A. Lakhzouri, and M. Renfors, “Binary-offset-carrier modulation techniques with applications in satellite navigation systems,” Wiley Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 767–779, 2006, http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/112693999/PDFSTART (Wiley06)
  • Raghavan SH, Holmes JK. Modeling and simulation of mixed modulation formats for improved CDMA bandwidth efficiency. In Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference 2004; 6: 4290-4295 (VTC04).
  • D. Margaria, F. Dovis, P. Mulassano, An Innovative Data Demodulation Technique for Galileo AltBOC Receivers, Journal of Global Positioning Systems, Journal of Global Positioning Systems, Vol.6, No.1, pp. 89–96, ISSN: 1446-3156, 2007, http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/wang/jgps/v6n1/v6n1p10.pdf (GPSJournal07)
  • D. Margaria, F. Dovis, P. Mulassano, Galileo AltBOC Signal Multiresolution Acquisition Strategy, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, Vol.23, No.11, pp. 4–10, ISSN: 0885-8985, November 2008. (Margaria08)
  • E. S. Lohan, A. Lakhzouri, M. Renfors, ``Complex Double-Binary-Offset-Carrier modulation for a unitary characterization of Galileo and GPS signals, IEE Proceedings on Radar, Sonar, and Navigation, vol. 153(5), pp. 403-408, Oct 2006.[IEE06]
  • Avila-Rodriguez, J.A., Hein, G.W., Wallner, S., Issler, J.L., Ries, L., Lestarquit, L., De Latour, A., Godet, J., Bastide, F., Pratt, T., Owen, J. The MBOC Modulation- A Final Touch for the Galileo Frequency and Signal Plan, http://www.insidegnss.com/node/174 (InsideGNSS07)
  • Avila-Rodriguez, J.A., Wallner, S., Hein, G.W., Eissfeller, B., Irsigler, M., Issler, J.L.: A vision on new frequencies, signals and concepts for future GNSS systems, Proceedings of ION GNSS 2007, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 25–28 September 2007 (ION-GNSS07)
  • Avila-Rodriguez, J.A., Hein, G.W., Wallner, S., Issler, J.L., Ries, L., Lestarquit, L., De Latour, A., Godet, J., Bastide, F., Pratt, T., Owen, J.: The MBOC Modulation: The Final Touch to the Galileo Frequency and Signal Plan, Proceedings of ION GNSS 2007, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 25–28 September 2007 (ION-GNSS07bis)
  • E.S. Lohan and M. Renfors, ``On the performance of Multiplexed-BOC (MBOC) modulation for future GNSS signals, in Proc. of European Wireless Conference, Apr 2007, Paris, France.(EW07)
  • Avila-Rodriguez J.A., Wallner S., Hein G.W.: MBOC: The New Optimized Spreading Modulation Recommended for Galileo E1 OS and GPS L1C, ESA Navitec 2006, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 11-13 Dec. 2006 (ESA06)

Template:Refend

External links

  1. ↑ ION-AM99
  2. ↑ MITRE00
  3. ↑ SIS-ICD08
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 ENC-GNSS04
  5. ↑ ION-GPS02
  6. ↑ GJU
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Wiley06
  8. ↑ Septentrio
  9. ↑ GPSJournal07
  10. ↑ Margaria08
  11. ↑ IEE06
  12. ↑ InsideGNSS07
  13. ↑ ION-GNSS07
  14. ↑ ION-GNSS07bis
  15. ↑ EW07
  16. ↑ ESA06
  17. ↑ VTC04
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