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{{Distinguish|Luma (video)}}
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{{Other uses}}
'''Luminance''' is a [[Photometry (optics)|photometric]] measure of the  [[luminous intensity]] per unit area of [[light]] travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given [[solid angle]]. The [[SI]] unit for luminance is [[candela per square metre]] (cd/m<sup>2</sup>). A non-SI term for the same unit is the "nit". The [[CGS]] unit of luminance is the [[stilb (luminance)|stilb]], which is equal to one candela per square centimetre or 10&nbsp;kcd/m<sup>2</sup>.


==Explanation==
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Luminance is often used to characterize emission or reflection from flat, [[diffuse reflection|diffuse]] surfaces. The luminance indicates how much [[luminous flux|luminous power]] will be detected by an [[Human eye|eye]] looking at the surface from a particular angle of view. Luminance is thus an indicator of how [[brightness|bright]] the surface will appear. In this case, the solid angle of interest is the solid angle subtended by the eye's [[pupil]]. Luminance is used in the video industry to characterize the brightness of displays. A typical computer display emits between 50 and 300&nbsp;cd/m<sup>2</sup>. The sun has luminance of about 1.6×10<sup>9</sup>&nbsp;cd/m<sup>2</sup> at noon.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.schorsch.com/kbase/glossary/luminance.html |title=Luminance |work=Lighting Design Glossary |accessdate=Apr 13, 2009}}</ref>
 
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Luminance is [[Invariant (physics)|invariant]] in [[geometric optics]]. This means that for an ideal optical system, the luminance at the output is the same as the input luminance. For real, passive, optical systems, the output luminance is ''at most'' equal to the input. As an example, if you form a demagnified image with a lens, the luminous power is concentrated into a smaller area, meaning that the [[illuminance]] is higher at the image. The light at the image plane, however, fills a larger solid angle so the luminance comes out to be the same assuming there is no loss at the lens. The image can never be "brighter" than the source.
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==Definition==
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Luminance is defined <ref>{{cite book | last = Chaves | first = Julio | title = [http://books.google.de/books?id=ykk1xQc25c0C&pg=PA449 "Introduction to Nonimaging Optics"] | publisher = [[CRC Press]] | series = Optical Science and Engineering | volume = 134 |  year = 2008 | page = 449 | isbn = 9781420054293 }}</ref> by the [[derivative]]
 
:<math>L_\mathrm{v} = \frac{\mathrm{d}^2 \Phi_\mathrm{v}}{\mathrm{d}A\,\mathrm{d}{\Omega} \cos \theta}</math>
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</ul>


where
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:<math>L_\mathrm{v}</math> is the luminance ([[candela|cd]]/[[square metre|m<sup>2</sup>]]),
:<math>\Phi_\mathrm{v}</math> is the [[luminous flux]] or luminous power ([[lumen (unit)|lm]]),
:<math>\theta\,</math> is the [[angle]] between the [[surface normal]] and the specified direction,
:<math>A</math> is the [[area]] of the surface ([[square metre|m<sup>2</sup>]]), and
:<math>\Omega\,</math> is the [[solid angle]] ([[Steradian|sr]]).
The expression is written using [[Leibniz's notation]].


==Units==
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A variety of units have been used for luminance, besides the candela per square metre.
 
 
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One candela per square metre is equal to:
 
*10<sup>−4</sup> [[stilb (unit)|stilbs]] (the [[CGS]] unit of luminance)
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*&pi; [[apostilb]]s
 
*&pi;×10<sup>−4</sup> [[lambert (unit)|lambert]]s
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*0.292 [[foot-lambert]]s
 
 
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==See also==
 
*[[Orders of magnitude (luminance)]]
</ul>
*[[Diffuse reflection]]
*[[Etendue]]
*[[Exposure value#EV as a measure of luminance and illuminance|Exposure value]]
*[[Lambertian reflectance]]
*[[Lightness (color)|Lightness]], property of a color
*[[Luma (video)|Luma]], the representation of luminance in a video monitor
*[[Lumen (unit)]]
*[[Radiance]], radiometric quantity analogous to luminance
*[[Brightness]], the subjective impression of luminance
*[[Glare (vision)|Glare]]
*[[Luminance meter]]
{{SI light units}}
 
==References==
<references/>
 
== External links ==
* A Kodak guide to [http://www.kodak.com/cluster/global/en/consumer/products/techInfo/am105/am105kic.shtml Estimating Luminance and Illuminance] using a camera's exposure meter. Also available in [http://www.kodak.com/cluster/global/en/consumer/products/techInfo/am105/am105kic.pdf PDF form] and Google Docs [http://docs.google.com/gview?a=v&q=cache:3ygRnO1mEpEJ:www.kodak.com/cluster/global/en/consumer/products/techInfo/am105/am105kic.pdf+estimating+luminance+and+illuminance+with+reflection+type&hl=en&gl=ie&sig=AFQjCNGlsuOrMAs62ZwlzQilxa6mkx0QaA online version]
 
[[Category:Photometry]]
[[Category:Physical quantities]]
<!--Don't add television-related categories. See [[Luma (video)]].-->

Revision as of 06:43, 5 March 2014

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It should not Louis Vuitton Australia be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. LIVESTRONG is really a registered trademark of the LIVESTRONG Foundation. Moreover, we do not select every advertiser or advertisement that appears on the web sitemany of the advertisements are served by third party advertising companies..

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Although Prabal's career came to a halt in spite of being cleared for promotion (when you are placed in a non promotable medical category), Prabal's training as a fighter pilot has made him much more determined to fight the disease. Today he stands tall on his 'three feet' (walking stick included) and continues to keep fit by exercising with weights, stationary cycling, stretches and swimming. A selfconfessed 'foodie', Prabal enjoys checking out all the latest restaurants in town.

Folks wanted video at all times. Don't believe me, fire up a video and see how many folks shoulder surf you to view what you are watching. Even without sound, video rules and captures attention. In terms of both value and status, bottle service can make sense in some situations. A group of hip young urbanites attempting to create an impression for themselves can reserve a prestigious frontrow table with private service without needing to wait in lines or having to pay cover to get into a poplar Mont Blanc Pens Sydney Australia club. In some cases, bottle service reservations even include limousine transportation.

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Milt worked so hard to get us to fight against simple closures in poetry, to embrace what was difficult to say and feel, and to bear the weight of those things like a privilege, as a responsibility. To become angry as hell in a poem. Not to just feel nostalgic or blue because that was the fashion.