|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Infobox enzyme
| | Hello and welcome. My name is Figures Wunder. Hiring is my occupation. California is our beginning location. The favorite pastime for my children and me is to play baseball and I'm attempting to make it a occupation.<br><br>my webpage ... [http://bmwpost.net/members/mathecopeland/activity/13014/ home std test] |
| | Name = Phosphorylase
| |
| | EC_number = 2.4.1.1
| |
| | CAS_number = 9035-74-9
| |
| | IUBMB_EC_number = 2/4/1/1
| |
| | GO_code =
| |
| | image =
| |
| | width =
| |
| | caption =
| |
| }}
| |
| '''Phosphorylases''' are enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic phosphate (phosphate+hydrogen) to an acceptor.
| |
| :A-B + P <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> A + P-B
| |
| They include [[Allosteric regulation|allosteric]] [[enzyme]]s that [[catalysis|catalyze]] the production of [[glucose-1-phosphate]] from a [[glucan]] such as [[glycogen]], [[starch]] or [[maltodextrin]]. Phosphorylase is also a common name used for [[glycogen phosphorylase]] in honor of Earl W. Sutherland Jr. who in the late 1930s discovered the first phosphorylase.<ref>Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th ed. pg. 603</ref>
| |
| | |
| == Function ==
| |
| Not to be confused with phosphotases.
| |
| In more general terms, phosphorylases are enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate group from an inorganic phosphate (phosphate+hydrogen) to an acceptor, not to be confused with a [[phosphatase]] (a [[hydrolase]]) or a [[kinase]] (a phosphotransferase). A phosphatase removes a phosphonate group from a donor using water, whereas a kinase transfers a phosphonate group from a donor (usually ATP) to an acceptor.
| |
| | |
| {| class=wikitable
| |
| !Enzyme name
| |
| !Enzymes class
| |
| !Reaction
| |
| !Notes
| |
| |-
| |
| |Phosphorylase|| Transferase<br>(EC 2.4 and EC 2.7.7)
| |
| ||A-B + H-'''OP''' <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> A-'''OP''' + H-B
| |
| || transfer group = A = [[glycosyl]]- group or<br> [[nucleotidyl]]- group
| |
| |-'
| |
| |Phosphatase|| Hydrolase<br>(EC 3)
| |
| ||'''P'''-B + H-OH <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> '''P'''-OH + H-B
| |
| ||
| |
| |-
| |
| |Kinase|| Transferase<br>(EC 2.7.1-2.7.4)
| |
| ||'''P'''-B + H-A <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> '''P'''-A + H-B
| |
| || transfer group = '''P'''
| |
| |-
| |
| |colspan=4|'''P''' = [[phosphonate]] group, '''OP''' = phosphate group, H-'''OP''' or '''P'''-OH = inorganic phosphate
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| == Types ==
| |
| The phosphorylases fall into the following categories:
| |
| *Glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4)
| |
| **Enzymes that break down [[glucan]]s by removing a glucose residue (break ''O''-glycosidic bond)
| |
| ***[[glycogen phosphorylase]]
| |
| ***[[starch phosphorylase]]
| |
| ***[[maltodextrin phosphorylase]]
| |
| **Enzymes that break down [[nucleoside]]s into their constituent bases and sugars (break ''N''-glycosidic bond)
| |
| ***[[Purine nucleoside phosphorylase]] (PNPase)
| |
| *Nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7)
| |
| **Enzymes that have phosphorolytic 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity (break phosphodiester bond)
| |
| ***[[RNase PH]]
| |
| ***[[Polynucleotide Phosphorylase]] (PNPase)
| |
| | |
| All '''known''' phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties [http://www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/nicedoc.pl?PDOC00095].
| |
| | |
| == Activation ==
| |
| '''Phosphorylase a''' is the active form of glycogen phosphorylase that is derived from the phosphorylation of the inactive form, '''phosphorylase b'''.
| |
| | |
| == Pathology ==
| |
| Some disorders are related to phosphorylases:
| |
| | |
| * [[Glycogen storage disease type V]] - muscle glycogen
| |
| * [[Glycogen storage disease type VI]] - liver glycogen
| |
| | |
| ==See also==
| |
| *[[Hydrolase]]
| |
| | |
| == References ==
| |
| | |
| <references/>
| |
| | |
| == External links ==
| |
| *[http://mcardlesdisease.org Muscle phosphorylase deficiency - McArdle's Disease Website]
| |
| * {{MeshName|Phosphorylases}}
| |
| | |
| {{Glycosyltransferases}}
| |
| {{Kinases}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Transferases]]
| |
| [[Category:EC 2.4.1]]
| |
| | |
| {{transferase-stub}}
| |
Hello and welcome. My name is Figures Wunder. Hiring is my occupation. California is our beginning location. The favorite pastime for my children and me is to play baseball and I'm attempting to make it a occupation.
my webpage ... home std test