Magnetic force microscope: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:00, 6 January 2014

Bulk density is a property of powders, granules, and other "divided" solids, especially used in reference to mineral components (soil, gravel), chemical substances, (pharmaceutical) ingredients, foodstuff, or any other masses of corpuscular or particulate matter. It is defined as the mass of many particles of the material divided by the total volume they occupy. The total volume includes particle volume, inter-particle void volume, and internal pore volume.^[1]

Bulk density is not an intrinsic property of a material; it can change depending on how the material is handled. For example, a powder poured into a cylinder will have a particular bulk density; if the cylinder is disturbed, the powder particles will move and usually settle closer together, resulting in a higher bulk density. For this reason, the bulk density of powders is usually reported both as "freely settled" (or "poured" density) and "tapped" density (where the tapped density refers to the bulk density of the powder after a specified compaction process, usually involving vibration of the container.)

Soil

The bulk density of soil depends greatly on the mineral make up of soil and the degree of compaction. The density of quartz is around 2.65 g/cm³ but the (dry) bulk density of a mineral soil is normally about half that density, between 1.0 and 1.6 g/cm³. Soils high in organics and some friable clay may have a bulk density well below 1 g/cm³.

Bulk density of soil is usually determined from a core sample which is taken by driving a metal corer into the soil at the desired depth and horizon.^[2] This gives a soil sample of known total volume, $V_{t}$ . From this sample the wet bulk density and the dry bulk density can be determined.^[3]

For the wet bulk density (total bulk density) this sample is weighed, giving the mass $M_{t}$ . For the dry bulk density, the sample is oven dried and weighed, giving the mass of soil solids, $M_{s}$ . The relationship between these two masses is $M_{t}=M_{s}+M_{l}$ , where $M_{l}$ is the mass of substances lost on oven drying (often, mostly water). The dry and wet bulk densities are calculated as

Dry bulk density = mass of soil/ volume as a whole

\rho _{b}={\frac {M_{s}}{V_{t}}}

Wet bulk density = mass of soil plus liquids/ volume as a whole

\rho _{t}={\frac {M_{t}}{V_{t}}}

The dry bulk density of a soil is inversely related to the porosity of the same soil: the more pore space in a soil the lower the value for bulk density. Bulk density of a region in the interior of the earth is also related to the seismic velocity of waves travelling through it: for P-waves, this has been quantified with Gardner's relation. The higher the density, the faster the velocity.

Notes

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

External links

↑ Page 50 in Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.

Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.

In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.

Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region

Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.

15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.

To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010
↑ USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service "Soil quality indicators -- Bulk density" retrieved December 5, 2013
↑ Argonne National Lab "RESRAD Data collection handbook, chapter 2 -- Soil density" retrieved May 26, 2012

[1] Page 50 in Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.

Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.

In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.

Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region

Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.

15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.

To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010

[2] USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service "Soil quality indicators -- Bulk density" retrieved December 5, 2013

[3] Argonne National Lab "RESRAD Data collection handbook, chapter 2 -- Soil density" retrieved May 26, 2012

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[2]

[3]

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+'''Bulk density''' is a property of [[powder (substance)|powder]]s, [[granular material|granules]], and other "divided" [[solid]]s, especially used in reference to [[mineral]] components ([[soil]], [[gravel]]), [[chemical substance]]s, ([[pharmaceutical]]) [[ingredient]]s, foodstuff, or any other masses of corpuscular or [[Granular material|particulate matter]].  It is defined as the [[mass]] of many [[particle]]s of the material divided by the total [[volume]] they occupy.  The total volume includes particle volume, inter-particle void volume, and internal pore volume.<ref>Page 50 ''in'' {{Citation
+  | last = Buckman | first = Harry O. | last2 = Brady | first2 = Nyle C. | title = The Nature and Property of Soils - A College Text of Edaphology | place = New York | publisher = MacMillan Publishers, New York, NY | year = 1960 | edition = 6th}}</ref>
+Bulk [[density]] is not an intrinsic property of a material; it can change depending on how the material is handled.  For example, a powder poured into a cylinder will have a particular bulk density; if the cylinder is disturbed, the powder particles will move and usually settle closer together, resulting in a higher bulk density.  For this reason, the bulk density of powders is usually reported both as "freely settled" (or "poured" density) and "tapped" density (where the tapped density refers to the bulk density of the powder after a specified compaction process, usually involving vibration of the container.)
+==Soil==
+The bulk density of soil depends greatly on the mineral make up of soil and the degree of [[Soil compaction|compaction]].  The density of [[quartz]] is around 2.65 g/cm³ but the (dry) bulk density of a mineral soil is normally about half that density, between 1.0 and 1.6 g/cm³. Soils high in organics and some friable clay may have a bulk density well below 1 g/cm³.
+Bulk density of soil is usually determined from a [[core sample]] which is taken by driving a metal corer into the soil at the desired depth and horizon.<ref>USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service [http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_053256.pdf "Soil quality indicators -- Bulk density"] retrieved December 5, 2013</ref> This gives a soil sample of known total volume, <math>V_t</math>. From this sample the wet bulk density and the dry bulk density can be determined.<ref>Argonne National Lab [http://web.ead.anl.gov/resrad/datacoll/soildens.htm "RESRAD Data collection handbook, chapter 2 -- Soil density" retrieved May 26, 2012]</ref>
+For the wet bulk density (total bulk density) this sample is weighed, giving the mass <math>M_t</math>. For the dry bulk density, the sample is oven dried and weighed, giving the mass of soil solids, <math>M_s</math>. The relationship between these two masses is <math>M_t = M_s + M_l</math>, where <math>M_l</math> is the mass of substances lost on oven drying (often, mostly water).  The dry and wet bulk densities are calculated as
+Dry bulk density = mass of soil/ volume as a whole
+:<math>\rho_b = \frac{M_s}{V_t}</math>
+Wet bulk density = mass of soil plus liquids/ volume as a whole
+:<math>\rho_t = \frac{M_t}{V_t}</math>
+The dry bulk density of a soil is [[Inverse relationship|inversely related]] to the [[porosity]] of the same soil: the more pore space in a soil the lower the value for bulk density.  Bulk density of a region in the interior of the earth is also related to the [[seismic velocity]] of waves travelling through it: for [[P-wave]]s, this has been quantified with [[Gardner's relation]].  The higher the density, the faster the velocity.
+==See also==
+* [[Brazil nut effect]]
+* [[Characterisation of pore space in soil]]
+* [[Effective porosity]]
+* [[Particle density]]
+* [[Porosity]]
+* [[Densitymeter]]
+==Notes==
+{{reflist}}
+==External links==
+* [http://www.geog.le.ac.uk/splint/geopods/Podcast_library/Field%20techniques_Soil%20properties/How%20to%20measure%20dry%20bulk%20density/How%20to%20measure%20dry%20bulk%20density.wmv University of Leicester podcast 'How to measure dry bulk density']
+* [http://www.powtec.de/download/smg_engl.pdf 'Determination of bulk density']
+[[Category:Density]]
+[[Category:Particulates]]
+[[Category:Soil physics]]

Magnetic force microscope: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:00, 6 January 2014

Contents

Soil

See also

Notes

External links

Navigation menu

Magnetic force microscope: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:00, 6 January 2014

Soil

See also

Notes

External links

Navigation menu

Search