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{{Infobox Hieroglyphen | |||
|TITEL = Neferneferure | |||
|NAME = <hiero>N5-F35-F35-F35-F35-B1</hiero> | |||
|NAME-TRANSKRIPTION = Neferneferure <br/> ''{{Unicode|Nfr nfrw Rꜥ}}'' | |||
|NAME-ERKLÄRUNG = ''Most Beautiful One of [[Ra|Re]]'' | |||
|BILD1 = Ägyptischer Maler um 1360 v. Chr. 002.jpg | |||
|BILD1-BREITE = 280px | |||
|BILD1-BESCHREIBUNG = Neferneferure (left) and her elder sister [[Neferneferuaten Tasherit]] on a wall painting in a private house | |||
|ANMERKUNGEN= <center>Daughter of [[Pharaoh]] [[Akhenaten]] and Queen [[Nefertiti]]</center> | |||
}} | |||
'''Neferneferure''' (14th century BCE) was an [[Ancient Egypt]]ian princess of the [[18th dynasty]]. She was the fifth of six known daughters of [[Pharaoh]] [[Akhenaten]] and [[Great Royal Wife]] [[Nefertiti]]. | |||
==Family== | |||
Neferneferure (her name means "Beauty of the Beauties of Re" or "Most Beautiful One of Re") was born in or before the 8th regnal year of her father [[Akhenaten]] in the city of [[Akhetaten]].<ref name="Tyldesley">Tyldesley, Joyce. Nefertiti: Egypt's Sun Queen. Penguin. 1998. ISBN 0-670-86998-8</ref> She had four older sisters named [[Meritaten]], [[Meketaten]], [[Ankhesenpaaten]] and [[Neferneferuaten Tasherit]], as well as a younger sister named [[Setepenre (princess)|Setepenre]].<ref name="DH">Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2004. ISBN 0-500-05128-3</ref> | |||
==Life== | |||
[[File:3daughters-Akhenaten.jpg|thumb|right|270px| From left to right: Setepenre, Neferneferure, and Neferneferuaten Tasherit at the Durbar in year 12.]] | |||
One of the earliest depictions of Neferneferure is in a fresco from the King’s House in Amarna. She is depicted sitting on a pillow with her sister [[Neferneferuaten Tasherit]]. The fresco is dated to ca. year 9 of [[Akhenaten]], and the entire family is depicted, including the baby [[Setepenre (princess)|Setepenre]].<ref name="Tyldesley"/> | |||
Neferneferure is depicted at the Durbar in year 12 in the tomb of the Overseer of the royal quarters Meryre II in Amarna. Akhenaten and Nefertiti are shown seated in a kiosk, receiving tribute from foreign lands. The daughters of the royal couple are shown standing behind their parents. Neferure is the middle daughter in the lower register. She is holding a gazelle in her right arm and a lotus flower in her left. She is standing right behind her sister Neferneferuaten Tasherit. Her sister Setepenre is standing behind her and is shown reaching over to pet the gazelle.<ref name="Murnane">Murnane, William J., Texts from the Amarna Period in Egypt, Society of Biblical Literature, 1995 ISBN 1-55540-966-0</ref> | |||
==Death and burial== | |||
Neferneferure probably died in the 13th or 14th regnal year, possibly in the plague that swept across Egypt during this time. She is absent from one scene and her name was plastered over in another scene in the [[Royal Tomb of Akhenaten|Royal Tomb]] in [[Amarna]]. To be specific, on Wall C of the chamber <math>\alpha</math> of the Royal Tomb her name was mentioned among the five princesses (the list excluded the youngest, [[Setepenre (princess)|Setepenre]], who was possibly dead by this time), but was later covered by plaster. On Wall B of the chamber <math>\gamma</math> she is missing from the scene which shows her parents and three elder sisters – [[Meritaten]], [[Ankhesenpaaten]] and [[Neferneferuaten Tasherit]] – mourning the dead second princess, [[Meketaten]]. This suggests that she is likely to have died shortly before the decoration of these chambers was finished.<ref name="Tyldesley"/> It is possible that Neferneferure was actually buried in chamber <math>\alpha</math> of the royal tomb.<ref name="DH"/> | |||
Alternatively she may have been buried in Tomb 29 in [[Amarna]].<ref>Reeves, Nicholas. Akhenaten: Egypt's False Prophet. Thames & Hudson. 2005. ISBN 0-500-28552-7</ref> This theory is based on an amphora handle bearing an inscription mentioning the inner (burial) chamber of Neferneferure.<ref name="Murnane"/> If Neferneferure was buried in tomb 29, then this may mean the Royal Tomb was already sealed at the time of her burial and that she may have died after the death her father [[Akhenaten]].<ref>Aldred, Cyril, Akhenaten: King of Egypt ,Thames and Hudson, 1991 (paperback), ISBN 0-500-27621-8</ref> | |||
==Other objects mentioning Neferneferure== | |||
A small box (JdE 61498) bearing her picture on its lid was found among the treasures of [[Tutankhamun]]. It shows the princess crouching, with a finger pressed to her mouth, as children were often depicted.<ref>T.G.H. James, Tutankhamun, White Star, 2000 (Barnes and Noble Books 2002), ISBN 1-58663-742-8</ref> Interestingly, on this box lid Re's name in her name was written phonetically instead of the usual circled dot. | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
* Christiane Desroches-Noblecourt: ''Tutankhamen – Life and Death of a Pharaoh'' | |||
{{Amarna Period Navigator}} | |||
[[Category:Amarna Period]] | |||
[[Category:Ancient Egyptian princesses]] | |||
[[Category:14th-century BC women]] | |||
Revision as of 19:20, 20 April 2013
Neferneferure (14th century BCE) was an Ancient Egyptian princess of the 18th dynasty. She was the fifth of six known daughters of Pharaoh Akhenaten and Great Royal Wife Nefertiti.
Family
Neferneferure (her name means "Beauty of the Beauties of Re" or "Most Beautiful One of Re") was born in or before the 8th regnal year of her father Akhenaten in the city of Akhetaten.[1] She had four older sisters named Meritaten, Meketaten, Ankhesenpaaten and Neferneferuaten Tasherit, as well as a younger sister named Setepenre.[2]
Life
One of the earliest depictions of Neferneferure is in a fresco from the King’s House in Amarna. She is depicted sitting on a pillow with her sister Neferneferuaten Tasherit. The fresco is dated to ca. year 9 of Akhenaten, and the entire family is depicted, including the baby Setepenre.[1]
Neferneferure is depicted at the Durbar in year 12 in the tomb of the Overseer of the royal quarters Meryre II in Amarna. Akhenaten and Nefertiti are shown seated in a kiosk, receiving tribute from foreign lands. The daughters of the royal couple are shown standing behind their parents. Neferure is the middle daughter in the lower register. She is holding a gazelle in her right arm and a lotus flower in her left. She is standing right behind her sister Neferneferuaten Tasherit. Her sister Setepenre is standing behind her and is shown reaching over to pet the gazelle.[3]
Death and burial
Neferneferure probably died in the 13th or 14th regnal year, possibly in the plague that swept across Egypt during this time. She is absent from one scene and her name was plastered over in another scene in the Royal Tomb in Amarna. To be specific, on Wall C of the chamber of the Royal Tomb her name was mentioned among the five princesses (the list excluded the youngest, Setepenre, who was possibly dead by this time), but was later covered by plaster. On Wall B of the chamber she is missing from the scene which shows her parents and three elder sisters – Meritaten, Ankhesenpaaten and Neferneferuaten Tasherit – mourning the dead second princess, Meketaten. This suggests that she is likely to have died shortly before the decoration of these chambers was finished.[1] It is possible that Neferneferure was actually buried in chamber of the royal tomb.[2]
Alternatively she may have been buried in Tomb 29 in Amarna.[4] This theory is based on an amphora handle bearing an inscription mentioning the inner (burial) chamber of Neferneferure.[3] If Neferneferure was buried in tomb 29, then this may mean the Royal Tomb was already sealed at the time of her burial and that she may have died after the death her father Akhenaten.[5]
Other objects mentioning Neferneferure
A small box (JdE 61498) bearing her picture on its lid was found among the treasures of Tutankhamun. It shows the princess crouching, with a finger pressed to her mouth, as children were often depicted.[6] Interestingly, on this box lid Re's name in her name was written phonetically instead of the usual circled dot.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Tyldesley, Joyce. Nefertiti: Egypt's Sun Queen. Penguin. 1998. ISBN 0-670-86998-8
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2004. ISBN 0-500-05128-3
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Murnane, William J., Texts from the Amarna Period in Egypt, Society of Biblical Literature, 1995 ISBN 1-55540-966-0
- ↑ Reeves, Nicholas. Akhenaten: Egypt's False Prophet. Thames & Hudson. 2005. ISBN 0-500-28552-7
- ↑ Aldred, Cyril, Akhenaten: King of Egypt ,Thames and Hudson, 1991 (paperback), ISBN 0-500-27621-8
- ↑ T.G.H. James, Tutankhamun, White Star, 2000 (Barnes and Noble Books 2002), ISBN 1-58663-742-8
- Christiane Desroches-Noblecourt: Tutankhamen – Life and Death of a Pharaoh