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In [[approximation theory]], '''Jackson's inequality'''  is an inequality bounding the value of function's best approximation by [[polynomials|algebraic]] or [[trigonometric polynomials]] in terms of the [[modulus of continuity]] of its derivatives.<ref>{{cite book|last=Achieser|first=N.I.|author-link=Naum Akhiezer|title=Theory of Approximation|year=1956|publisher=Frederick Ungar Publishing Co|location=New York}}</ref> Informally speaking, the smoother the function is, the better it can be approximated by polynomials.
 
==Statement: trigonometric polynomials==
 
For trigonometric polynomials, the following was proved by [[Dunham Jackson]]:
 
'''Theorem 1''': If ''&fnof;'':&nbsp;[0,&nbsp;2{{pi}}]&nbsp;→&nbsp;'''C''' is an ''r'' times differentiable [[periodic function]] such that
 
: <math>|f^{(r)}(x)| \leq 1, \quad 0 \leq x \leq 2\pi,</math>
 
then, for every natural ''n'', there exists a [[trigonometric polynomial]] ''P''<sub>''n''&minus;1</sub> of degree at most ''n''&nbsp;&minus;&nbsp;1 such that
 
: <math>|f(x) - P_{n-1}(x)| \leq \frac{C(r)}{n^r}, \quad 0 \leq x \leq 2\pi, </math>
 
where ''C''(''r'') depends only on ''r''.
 
The '''[[Naum Akhiezer|Akhiezer]]&ndash;[[Mark Krein|Krein]]&ndash;[[Jean Favard|Favard]] theorem''' gives the sharp value of ''C''(''r'') (called the [[Favard constant|Akhiezer&ndash;Krein&ndash;Favard constant]]):
 
: <math> C(r) = \frac{4}{\pi} \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{k(r+1)}}{(2k+1)^{r+1}}~.</math>
 
Jackson also proved the following generalisation of Theorem 1:
 
'''Theorem 2''': Denote by ''&omega;''(''&delta;'',&nbsp;''&fnof;''<sup>(''r'')</sup>) the modulus of continuity of the ''r''th derivative of ''&fnof;''. Then one can find ''P''<sub>''n''&minus;1</sub> such that
 
: <math>|f(x) - P_{n-1}(x)| \leq \frac{C_1(r) \omega(1/n, f^{(r)})}{n^r}, \quad 0 \leq x \leq 2\pi </math>
 
==Further remarks==
 
Generalisations and extensions are called Jackson-type theorems. A converse to Jackson's inequality is given by [[Bernstein's theorem (approximation theory)|Bernstein's theorem]]. See also [[constructive function theory]].
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
==External links==
* {{SpringerEOM|id=Jackson_inequality|first1=N.P.|last1=Korneichuk|first2=V.P.|last2=Motornyi}}
* {{MathWorld|title=Jackson's Theorem|id=JacksonsTheorem}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson's Inequality}}
[[Category:Approximation theory]]
[[Category:Inequalities]]
[[Category:Theorems in approximation theory]]
 
 
{{mathanalysis-stub}}

Latest revision as of 09:19, 31 January 2013

In approximation theory, Jackson's inequality is an inequality bounding the value of function's best approximation by algebraic or trigonometric polynomials in terms of the modulus of continuity of its derivatives.[1] Informally speaking, the smoother the function is, the better it can be approximated by polynomials.

Statement: trigonometric polynomials

For trigonometric polynomials, the following was proved by Dunham Jackson:

Theorem 1: If ƒ: [0, 2Potter or Ceramic Artist Harry Rave from Cobden, spends time with hobbies for instance magic, property developers house in singapore singapore and fitness. Finds inspiration through travel and just spent 7 months at Keoladeo National Park.] → C is an r times differentiable periodic function such that

|f(r)(x)|1,0x2π,

then, for every natural n, there exists a trigonometric polynomial Pn−1 of degree at most n − 1 such that

|f(x)Pn1(x)|C(r)nr,0x2π,

where C(r) depends only on r.

The AkhiezerKreinFavard theorem gives the sharp value of C(r) (called the Akhiezer–Krein–Favard constant):

C(r)=4πk=0(1)k(r+1)(2k+1)r+1.

Jackson also proved the following generalisation of Theorem 1:

Theorem 2: Denote by ω(δƒ(r)) the modulus of continuity of the rth derivative of ƒ. Then one can find Pn−1 such that

|f(x)Pn1(x)|C1(r)ω(1/n,f(r))nr,0x2π

Further remarks

Generalisations and extensions are called Jackson-type theorems. A converse to Jackson's inequality is given by Bernstein's theorem. See also constructive function theory.

References

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External links

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