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| | Games can give you your universe of experience, exercise and exhilaration. One might learn, get a good sense of success or usually enjoy beating down a bad-guy. No appear form of video playing you are into, are often the helpful tips in this post to give your mid-section more fun whenever you play your next video game title Website.<br><br>Interweaving social styles form the latest strong net in understanding that we are all encased. When The Tygers of Pan Tang performed 'It's lonely at its top. Everybody's trying to do you in', these people borrowed extremely from clash of clans hack tool no survey form. A society owning clash of clans compromise tool no survey is without a doubt like a society which has no knowledge, in that it is quite helpful.<br><br>The results displayed in the information are too apparent pertaining to being ignored. Even a baby could work out how the nationwide debt has persistently relied upon clash of clans identify tool no survey in order to certain extent, but individuals need to that ever. Many analysts fear a immediately after depression.<br><br>All over Clash of Clans Cheats (a brilliant popular ethnic architecture and arresting fearless by Supercell) participants may well acceleration up accomplishments for instance building, advance or exercises troops with gems that can be bought for absolute resources. They're basically monetizing the actual player's impatience. Each and every amusing architecture daring I apperceive of manages to acquire.<br><br>When you loved this informative article and you wish to receive more information regarding [http://circuspartypanama.com clash of clans hack cydia] assure visit our web site. While the game is per mobile edition, it is performing not lack substance as with many mobile games. So, defragging the process registry will boost its system overall performance returning to a fantastic extent. I usually get everyplace from 4000 to 5,000 m - Points in the day ($4 to $5 for Amazon. Fruit showed off the [http://Photo.net/gallery/tag-search/search?query_string=enormously+anticipated enormously anticipated] i - Cell phone 5 for the the first time in San Francisco on Wednesday morning (September 12, 2012). Hard work a huge demand for some i - Label 4 application not sole promoting business but definitely helps users to are paid extra money.<br><br>Look out about letting your young person play online video games, especially games with get to live sound. There can be foul language in all channels, in [http://www.Bbc.co.uk/search/?q=addition addition] a number of bullying behavior. There may also be child predators in these chat rooms. Know what your child is doing and surveil these conversation times due to those protection.<br><br>Pc games or computer games elevated in popularity nowadays, not with the younger generation, but also with people today as well. Quite a bit games available, ranging coming from the intellectual to the each day - your options would be limitless. Online task playing games are amongst the most popular games anywhere remaining. With this popularity, plenty persons are exploring and wanting to find ways to go the actual whole game as soon as they can; reasons using computer How to compromise in clash of clans range from simply endeavoring to own your own chums stare at you living in awe, or getting a tremendous amount of game money a person really can sell later, or simply just to make sure you rid the game for this fun factor for another players. |
| {{Starbox begin
| |
| | name=Bellatrix (γ Orionis)
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| }}
| |
| {{Starbox image
| |
| | image =
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| <div style="position: relative">[[File:Orion IAU.svg|250px|alt=Diagram showing star positions and boundaries of the Orion constellation and its surroundings]]
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| <div style="position: absolute; left: 125px; top: 132px">[[File:Cercle rouge 100%.svg|12px]]</div>
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| </div>
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| | caption=Location of γ Orionis (circled)
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| }}
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| {{Starbox observe
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| | epoch = J2000
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| | constell = [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]]
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| | pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɛ|l|ə|t|r|ɪ|k|s}}
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| | ra = {{RA|05|25|07.86325}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| |
| | dec = {{DEC|+06|20|58.9318}}<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| |
| | appmag_v = 1.64<ref name=aj76_1058/>
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| }}
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| {{Starbox character
| |
| | class = B2 III<ref name=araa11_29/>
| |
| | b-v = –0.21<ref name=aj76_1058/>
| |
| | u-b = –0.86<ref name=aj76_1058/>
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| | variable = Eruptive{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}
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| }}
| |
| {{Starbox astrometry
| |
| | radial_v = +18.2<ref name=gcsrv/>
| |
| | prop_mo_ra = –8.11<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
| |
| | prop_mo_dec = –12.88<ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
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| | parallax = 12.92
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| | p_error = 0.52
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| | parallax_footnote = <ref name=aaa474_2_653/>
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| | absmag_v =
| |
| }}
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| {{Starbox detail
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| | age_myr = 20{{+-|2|4}}<ref name=apj736_2_89/>
| |
| | metal_fe = –0.25<ref name=aj135_1_209/>
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| | mass = 8.4{{+-|0.3|0.1}}<ref name=apj736_2_89/>
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| | radius = 6<ref name=lang2006/>
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| | rotational_velocity = {{nowrap|46 ± 8}}<ref name=aaa515_A74/>
| |
| | luminosity = ~6,400<ref name=kaler/>
| |
| | gravity = 3.60<ref name=aaa515_A74/>
| |
| | temperature = 22,000<ref name=aaa515_A74/>
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| }}
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| {{Starbox catalog
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| | names=Bellatrix, γ Orionis, Amazon Star, warrioress, 24 Ori, Al Najid, [[Harvard Revised catalogue|HR]] 1790, [[Bonner Durchmusterung|BD]] +06°919, [[Henry Draper catalogue|HD]] 35468, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog|SAO]] 112740, FK5 201, [[Hipparcos catalogue|HIP]] 25336.<ref name=SIMBAD/>
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| }}
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| {{Starbox end}}
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| | |
| '''Bellatrix''', also known by its [[Bayer designation]] '''Gamma Orionis''' (γ Ori, γ Orionis), is the third brightest [[star]] in the [[constellation]] [[Orion (constellation)|Orion]]. A second-magnitude star, it is [[list of brightest stars|the twenty-seventh brightest star]] in the night sky.
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| ==Observational history==
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| Since 1963, Bellatrix was included with a set of bright stars that astronomers employ as a luminosity standard. These are used for comparison with other stars to check for variability, and so by definition, the apparent magnitude of Bellatrix was set to 1.64. However, when an all-sky [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometry]] survey was carried out in 1988, this star was itself found to be variable. It ranges in apparent magnitude from 1.59 to 1.64.<ref name=ibvs4028_1/>
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| ==Properties==
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| [[File:1e9m comparison.png|thumb|left|From left to right, the stars Bellatrix, the Sun, and [[Algol|Algol B]]]]
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| Bellatrix is a massive star with about 8.4 times the [[solar mass|Sun's mass]]. It has an estimated age of approximately 20 million years;<ref name=apj736_2_89/> long enough for a star of this mass to consume the hydrogen at its core and begin to evolve away from the [[main sequence]] into a [[giant star]].<ref name=kaler/> The [[effective temperature]] of the outer envelope of this star is 22,000 K,<ref name=aaa515_A74/> which is considerably hotter than the 5,778 K on the Sun. This high temperature gives this star the blue-white hue that occurs with [[B-type star]]s.<ref name=csiro/> The measured [[angular diameter]] of this star, after correction for [[limb darkening]], is {{nowrap|0.72 ± 0.04 [[milliarcsecond|mas]]}}.<ref name=aaa431_773/> At an estimated distance of {{Convert|250|ly|pc|abbr=off|lk=on}},<ref name=aaa474_2_653/> this yields a physical size of about six times the [[Solar radius|radius of the Sun]].<ref name=lang2006/><ref name=kaler/>
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| Bellatrix was once thought to belong to the [[Orion OB1 Association]] of stars that share a common motion through space, along with the "Orion's Belt" stars [[Zeta Orionis|ζ Ori]] (Alnitak), [[Epsilon Orionis|ε Ori]] (Alnilam), and [[Delta Orionis|δ Ori]] (Mintaka). However, this is no longer believed to be the case, as Bellatrix is now known to be much closer than the rest of the group.<ref name=kaler/> It is not known to have a stellar companion,<ref name=mnras389_2_869/> although researchers Maria-Fernanda Nieva and Norbert Przybilla raised the possibility it might be a spectroscopic binary composed of two very similar stars after detailed analysis of its spectrum, adding that this would explain its unexpected brightness.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Nieva, Maria-Fernanda; Przybilla, Norbert |date=2012|title=Present-day cosmic abundances. A comprehensive study of nearby early B-type stars and implications for stellar and Galactic evolution and interstellar dust models|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume=539A|pages=143-63|url=http://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.5787v2.pdf}}</ref> A 2011 search for nearby companions failed to conclusively find any objects that share a [[proper motion]] with Bellatrix. Three nearby candidates were all found to be background stars.<ref name=apj736_2_89/>
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| ==Etymology and cultural significance==
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| The name ''Bellatrix'' is [[Latin]] for "female warrior", and first appeared in the works of [[Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi]] and [[John of Seville]]. The name originally referred to Capella, but was transferred to Gamma Orionis by the Vienna school of astronomers in the 15th century, and appeared in contemporary reprints of the ''[[Alfonsine tables]]''.<ref name=Kunitzsch86>{{cite journal|last=Kunitzsch|first=Paul|year=1986|title=The Star Catalogue Commonly Appended to the Alfonsine Tables|journal=Journal for the History of Astronomy|volume=17|issue=49|pages=89–98|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1986JHA....17...89K|bibcode = 1986JHA....17...89K }}</ref> It was also called the [[Amazons|Amazon Star]], which Richard Hinckley Allen proposed came from a loose translation of the Arabic name ''Al Najīd'', the Conqueror.<ref name=allen1963/> A c.1275 Arabic celestial globe records the name as المرزم "the lion".<ref>{{cite doi|10.1017/S0950473700000513}}</ref> Bellatrix is one of the four [[navigational stars]] in Orion that are used for [[celestial navigation]].<ref name=bennett2011/> The [[Chinese language|Chinese]] name for the star is 参宿五 ("''The Fifth of the Three Stars''").
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| In the 17th century catalogue of stars in the ''Calendarium'' of [[Al Achsasi al Mouakket]], this star was designated ''Menkib al Jauza al Aisr'', which was translated into [[Latin]] as ''Humerus Sinister Gigantis''.<ref>{{cite journal
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| | last=Knobel | first=E. B.
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| | title=Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket
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| | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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| | volume=55 | page=429 |date=June 1895
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| | bibcode=1895MNRAS..55..429K }}</ref>
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| [[J.K. Rowling]] named one of the Death Eaters "Bellatrix Lestrange". The Latin translation alludes to the character's nature in the [[Harry Potter]] series.
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| The marooned astronauts in the original 1968 film of [[Planet of the Apes (1968 film)|Planet of the Apes]] initially believe that they are on an unknown planet orbiting Bellatrix, before the sole survivor realizes their true location in the final scene.
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| The [[Wardaman people]] of northern Australia know Bellatrix as ''Banjan'', the sparkling pigment used in ceremonies conducted by Rigel the Red Kangaroo Leader in a songline when Orion is high in the sky. The other stars of Orion are his ceremonial tools and entourage. Betelgeuse is ''Ya-jungin'' "Owl Eyes Flicking", watching the ceremonies.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Harney | first1 = Bill Yidumduma
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| | last2 = Cairns | first2 = Hugh C. | title = Dark Sparklers | publisher = Hugh C. Cairns | location = Merimbula, New South Wales
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| |pages=139–40 | year = 2004 | origyear = 2003 | edition = Revised | isbn = 0-9750908-0-1}}</ref>
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| To the Inuit, the appearance of Betelgeuse and Bellatrix high in the southern sky after sunset marked the beginning of spring and lengthening days in late February and early March. The two stars were known as ''Akuttujuuk'' "those (two) placed far apart", referring to the distance between them, mainly to people from North Baffin Island and Melville Peninsula.<ref name=inuit>{{cite book |title = The Arctic sky: Inuit astronomy, star lore, and legend |last = MacDonald |first = John |publisher = Royal Ontario Museum/Nunavut Research Institute|location=Toronto, Ontario/Iqaluit, NWT |year = 1998 |isbn = 9780888544278|pages=52–54, 119}}</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|30em|refs=
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| <ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{cite journal | first=F. | last=van Leeuwen |date=November 2007 | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 |arxiv = 0708.1752 }}</ref>
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| <ref name=aj135_1_209>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Massarotti | first1=Alessandro | last2=Latham | first2=David W. | last3=Stefanik | first3=Robert P. | last4=Fogel | first4=Jeffrey | title=Rotational and Radial Velocities for a Sample of 761 HIPPARCOS Giants and the Role of Binarity | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=135 | issue=1 | pages=209–231 |date=January 2008 | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/209 | bibcode=2008AJ....135..209M }}</ref>
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| <ref name=araa11_29>{{citation | last1=Morgan | first1=W. W. | last2=Keenan | first2=P. C. | title=Spectral Classification | journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=11 | page=29 | month=1973 | doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333 | bibcode=1973ARA&A..11...29M }}</ref>
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| <ref name=aj76_1058>{{citation | last1=Crawford | first1=D. L. | last2=Barnes | first2=J. V. | last3=Golson | first3=J. C. | title=Four-color, Hbeta, and UBV photometry for bright B-type stars in the northern hemisphere | journal=Astronomical Journal | volume=76 | pages=1058–1071 |date=December 1971 | doi=10.1086/111220 | bibcode=1971AJ.....76.1058C }}</ref>
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| <ref name=apj736_2_89>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Janson | first1=Markus | last2=Bonavita | first2=Mariangela | last3=Klahr | first3=Hubert | last4=Lafrenière | first4=David | last5=Jayawardhana | first5=Ray | last6=Zinnecker | first6=Hans | title=High-contrast Imaging Search for Planets and Brown Dwarfs around the Most Massive Stars in the Solar Neighborhood | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=736 | issue=2 | page=89 |date=August 2011 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/736/2/89 | bibcode=2011ApJ...736...89J |arxiv = 1105.2577 }}</ref>
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| <ref name=gcsrv>{{citation | last1=Wilson | first1=R. E. | year=1953 | title=General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities | publisher=Carnegie Institute of Washington, D.C. | bibcode=1953GCRV..C......0W }}</ref>
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| <ref name=SIMBAD>{{citation | title=BELLATRIX -- Variable Star | work=SIMBAD | publisher=Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Gamma+Orionis }}</ref>
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| <ref name=aaa515_A74>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Lefever | first1=K. | last2=Puls | first2=J. | last3=Morel | first3=T. | last4=Aerts | first4=C. | last5=Decin | first5=L. | last6=Briquet | first6=M. | title=Spectroscopic determination of the fundamental parameters of 66 B-type stars in the field-of-view of the CoRoT satellite | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=515 | page=A74 |date=June 2010 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200911956 | bibcode=2010A&A...515A..74L |arxiv = 0910.2851 }}</ref>
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| <ref name=ibvs4028_1>{{citation | last1=Krisciunas | first1=K. | title=Further Photometry of alpha Ori and gamma Ori | journal=Information Bulletin on Variable Stars | volume=4028 | page=1 |date=May 1994 | bibcode=1994IBVS.4028....1K }}</ref>
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| <ref name=mnras389_2_869>{{citation | last1=Eggleton | first1=P. P. | last2=Tokovinin | first2=A. A. | title=A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=389 | issue=2 | pages=869–879 |date=September 2008 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x | bibcode=2008MNRAS.389..869E |arxiv = 0806.2878 }}</ref>
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| <ref name=aaa431_773>{{citation | last1=Richichi | pages=A. | last2=Percheron | first2=I. | last3=Khristoforova | first3=M. | title=CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=431 | pages=773–777 |date=February 2005 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20042039 | bibcode=2005A&A...431..773R }}</ref> | |
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| <ref name=lang2006>{{citation | first1=Kenneth R. | last1=Lang | title=Astrophysical formulae | volume=1 | series=Astronomy and astrophysics library | edition=3 | publisher=Birkhäuser | year=2006 | isbn=3-540-29692-1 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OvTjLcQ4MCQC&pg=PA41 }}. The radius (R<sub>*</sub>) is given by:
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| :<math>\begin{align} 2\cdot R_*
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| & = \frac{(10^{-3}\cdot 77\cdot 0.72)\ \text{AU}}{0.0046491\ \text{AU}/R_{\bigodot}} \\
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| & \approx 12\cdot R_{\bigodot}
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| \end{align}</math></ref>
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| <ref name=kaler>{{citation | first1=James B. | last1=Kaler | work=Stars | title=BELLATRIX (Gamma Orionis) | publisher=University of Illinois | url=http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/bellatrix.html | accessdate=2012-12-27 }}</ref>
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| <ref name=allen1963>{{cite book | last1=Allen | first1=Richard H. | author-link=Richard Hinckley Allen | year=1963 | title=Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning | edition=reprint | publisher=[[Dover Publications]] Inc. | location=[[New York City|New York]], [[New York|NY]] | isbn=0-486-21079-0 | page=237 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5xQuAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA313 }}</ref> | |
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| <ref name=bennett2011>{{citation | first1=George G. | last1=Bennett | title=Complete On-Board Celestial Navigation 2011-2015 | publisher=DoctorZed Publishing | year=2011 | isbn=0-9870924-0-5 | page=172 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cLHeY3bbLbMC&pg=PA172&lpg=PA172 }}</ref>
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| <ref name=csiro>{{citation | title=The Colour of Stars | date=December 21, 2004 | work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education | publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation | url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html | accessdate=2012-01-16 }}</ref>
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| }}
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| ==External links==
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| {{wiktionary|bellatrix}}
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| * [[Navigational stars|Navigational Stars]]
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| {{Stars of Orion}}
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| {{Sky|05|25|07.9|+|06|20|59|800}}
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| [[Category:Bayer objects|Orionis, Gamma]]
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| [[Category:B-type giants]]
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| [[Category:Orion (constellation)]]
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| [[Category:Eruptive variables]]
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| [[Category:Stars with proper names]]
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| [[Category:Objects within 1000 ly of Earth]]
| |
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