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| [[File:Lambert conformal conic projection SW.jpg|300px|thumb|Lambert conformal conic projection; the standard parallels are 20°N and 50°N. Here projection extends toward infinity at the south pole and so is artificially cut off at 30°S.]]
| | Nice to satisfy you, my title is Refugia. Hiring is her working day occupation now and she will not change it anytime quickly. My family members life in Minnesota and my family loves it. The preferred hobby for my children and me is to perform baseball but I haven't made a dime with it.<br><br>Here is my page [http://www.alemcheap.fi/show/the-way-to-cure-an-unpleasant-candidiasis www.alemcheap.fi] |
| A '''Lambert conformal conic projection''' ('''LCC''') is a [[Conic section|conic]] [[map projection]], which is often used for [[aeronautical chart]]s. In essence, the projection seats a [[cone (geometry)|cone]] over the sphere of the Earth and projects [[conformal map|conformally]] onto the cone. The cone is unrolled, and the [[Circle of latitude|parallel]] touching the sphere is assigned unitary scale in the simple case. This parallel is called the ''reference parallel'' or ''standard parallel''.
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| By scaling the resulting map, two parallels can be assigned unitary [[Scale (map)|scale]], with scale decreasing between the two parallels and increasing outside them. This gives the map two standard parallels. In this way, deviation from unitary scale can be minimized within a region of interest bounded by two parallels somewhat outside of the two standard parallels. Unlike other [[Map projection#Conical|conic projections]], no true [[Secant line|secant]] form of the projection exists because using a secant cone does not yield the same scale along both standard parallels.<ref>
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| {{cite web
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| | title = CMAPF FAQ
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| | url = http://www.arl.noaa.gov/faq_ms1.php#Q8
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| | publisher = [[NOAA]]
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| }}</ref>
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| [[Aviator|Pilot]]s favor these charts because a straight line drawn on a Lambert conformal conic projection approximates a [[great circle|great-circle]] route between endpoints as long as distances are not great. The [[European Environment Agency]] <ref>{{cite web
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| | url = http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Projects/Alpsis/Docs/ref_grid_sh_proc_draft.pdf
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| | title = Short Proceedings of the 1st European Workshop on Reference Grids, Ispra, 27-29 October 2003
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| | publisher = [[European Environment Agency]]
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| | date = 2004-06-14
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| | accessdate = 2009-08-27
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| | page = 6
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| }}</ref> and the [[Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community|INSPIRE]] specification for coordinate systems <ref>{{cite web
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| | url = http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/Data_Specifications/INSPIRE_Specification_CRS_v3.0.pdf
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| | title = D2.8.I.1 INSPIRE Specification on Coordinate Reference Systems - Guidelines
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| | publisher = [[European Commission]]
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| | date = 2009-09-07
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| | accessdate = 2012-10-07
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| | page = 15
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| }}</ref> recommend the usage of this projection (also named ETRS89-LCC) for conformal pan-European mapping at scales smaller or equal to 1:500,000.
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| In the United States, the National Geodetic Survey's "[[State Plane Coordinate System]] of 1983" uses Lambert Conformal Conic Projection to define the grid-coordinate systems used in several states (primarily those that are elongated west to east, like [[Tennessee]]). The Lambert projection is relatively easy to use: conversions from geodetic ([[latitude]]/[[longitude]]) to State Plane Grid coordinates involve trigonometric equations that are fairly straightforward and which can be solved on most scientific calculators, especially programmable models.<ref>
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| {{cite web
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| | url = http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/ManualNOSNGS5.pdf
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| | title = State Plane Coordinate System of 1983, NOAA Manual NOS NGS 5
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| | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
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| | date = March 1990
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| | accessdate = 2011-10-27
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| }}</ref> Lambert projection as used in CCS83 yields maps in which scale errors are limited to 1 part in 10,000.
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| ==History==
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| The Lambert conformal conic is one of several map projection systems developed by [[Johann Heinrich Lambert]], an 18th century Swiss mathematician, physicist, philosopher, and astronomer.
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| ==Transformation==
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| Coordinates from a spherical [[Datum (geodesy)|datum]] can be transformed into Lambert conformal conic projection coordinates with the following formulas,<ref>
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| {{cite web |url=http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LambertConformalConicProjection.html
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| |title=Lambert Conformal Conic Projection
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| |accessdate=2009-02-07
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| |work=Wolfram MathWorld
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| |publisher=Wolfram Research
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| |last=Weisstein |first=Eric
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| }}</ref> where {{tmath|\lambda}} is the longitude, {{tmath|\lambda_0}} the reference longitude, {{tmath|\phi}} the latitude, {{tmath|\phi_0}} the reference latitude, and {{tmath|\phi_1}} and {{tmath|\phi_2}} the standard parallels:
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| :<math>x = \rho \sin[n (\lambda - \lambda_0)]</math>
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| :<math>y = \rho_0 - \rho \cos[n (\lambda - \lambda_0)]</math>
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| where
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| :<math>n = \frac{\ln(\cos \phi_1 \sec \phi_2)}{\ln [\tan (\frac14 \pi + \frac12 \phi_2) \cot (\frac14 \pi + \frac12\phi_1)]}</math>
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| :<math>\rho = F \cot^{n} (\frac14 \pi + \frac12 \phi)</math>
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| :<math>\rho_0 = F \cot^{n} (\frac14 \pi + \frac12 \phi_0)</math>
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| :<math>F = \frac{\cos \phi_1 \tan^{n} (\frac14 \pi + \frac12 \phi_1)}{n}</math>
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| Formulæ for ellipsoidal datums are more involved.
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| ==See also==
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| {{Portal|Atlas}}
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| * [[List of map projections]]
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| * [[Albers projection]]
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| * [[Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection]]
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| * [[Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection]]
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| * [[Johann Heinrich Lambert]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| {{Commons category|Lambert conformal conic projection}}
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| * [http://www.radicalcartography.net/?projectionref Table of examples and properties of all common projections], from radicalcartography.net
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| * [http://www.uff.br/mapprojections/LambertConformalConic_en.html An interactive Java Applet to study the metric deformations of the Lambert Conformal Conic Projection]
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| * [http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/ManualNOSNGS5.pdf This document from the U.S. National Geodetic Survey describes the State Plane Coordinate System of 1983, including details on the equations used to perform the Lambert Conformal Conic and Mercator map projections of CCS83]
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| * [http://www.linz.govt.nz/geodetic/conversion-coordinates/projection-conversions/lambert-conformal-conic/index.aspx Lambert Conformal Conic to Geographic Transformation Formulae] from Land Information New Zealand
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| {{Map Projections}}
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| [[Category:Cartographic projections]]
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Nice to satisfy you, my title is Refugia. Hiring is her working day occupation now and she will not change it anytime quickly. My family members life in Minnesota and my family loves it. The preferred hobby for my children and me is to perform baseball but I haven't made a dime with it.
Here is my page www.alemcheap.fi