Logarithm of a matrix: Difference between revisions

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{{for|the Klein '''quartic'''|Klein quartic}}
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In [[mathematics]], the lines of a 3-dimensional [[projective space]], ''S'', can be viewed as points of a 5-dimensional projective space, ''T''. In that 5-space, the points that represent each line in ''S'' lie on a [[hyperbolic quadric]], ''Q'' known as the '''Klein quadric'''.
 
If the underlying [[vector space]] of ''S'' is the 4-dimensional vector space ''V'', then ''T'' has as the underlying vector space the 6-dimensional [[exterior square]] Λ<sup>2</sup>''V'' of ''V''. The [[line coordinates]] obtained this way are known as [[Plücker coordinates]].
 
These Plücker coordinates satisfy the quadratic relation
: <math>p_{12} p_{34}+p_{13}p_{42}+p_{14} p_{23} = 0 </math>  
defining ''Q'', where
: <math>p_{ij} = u_i v_j - u_j v_i</math>
are the coordinates of the line [[Linear span|spanned]] by the two vectors ''u'' and ''v''.
 
The 3-space, ''S'', can be reconstructed again from the quadric, ''Q'': the planes contained in ''Q'' fall into two [[equivalence classes]], where planes in the same class meet in a point, and planes in different classes meet in a line or in the empty set. Let these classes be <math>C</math> and <math>C'</math>. The [[geometry]] of ''S'' is retrieved as follows:
 
# The points of ''S'' are the planes in ''C''.
# The lines of ''S'' are the points of ''Q''.
# The planes of ''S'' are the planes in ''C''’.
 
The fact that the geometries of ''S'' and ''Q'' are isomorphic can be explained by the [[isomorphism]] of the [[Dynkin diagram]]s ''A''<sub>3</sub> and ''D''<sub>3</sub>.
 
==References==
 
* {{citation|title=Twistor Geometry and Field Theory|first1=Richard Samuel|last1= Ward|first2= Raymond O'Neil, Jr.|last2= Wells|author2-link=Raymond O. Wells, Jr.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year= 1991|isbn=978-0-521-42268-0}}.
 
{{geometry-stub}}
[[Category:Projective geometry]]
[[Category:Quadrics]]

Revision as of 23:08, 25 February 2014

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