|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Infobox scientist
| | Nice to meet you, I am Marvella Shryock. South Dakota is where me and my husband reside. The factor she adores most is body building and now she is attempting to earn cash with it. Hiring is her working day occupation now but she's usually wanted her own business.<br><br>My web-site - [http://drupal.12thirty4.com/gmaps/node/4991 http://drupal.12thirty4.com/] |
| | name = Nikolay Alekseevich Umov
| |
| | image =Umov.jpg
| |
| | image_size =
| |
| | caption =
| |
| | birth_date = {{birth date|1846|1|23|mf=y}}
| |
| | birth_place = [[Simbirsk]], [[Russian Empire]]
| |
| | death_date = {{death date and age|1915|1|15|1846|1|23|mf=y}}
| |
| | death_place = [[Moscow]], Russian Empire
| |
| | residence =
| |
| | citizenship = Russia
| |
| | nationality =
| |
| | ethnicity = [[Russian people|Russian]]
| |
| | field = [[Physicist]]
| |
| | work_institution = [[Moscow State University]]
| |
| | alma_mater = [[Moscow State University]]
| |
| | doctoral_advisor =
| |
| | doctoral_students =
| |
| | known_for = Discovering the [[Umov–Poynting vector]] concept and [[Umov effect]]
| |
| | prizes =
| |
| | religion =
| |
| | footnotes =
| |
| }}
| |
| '''Nikolay Alekseevich Umov''' ({{lang-ru|Никола́й Алексе́евич У́мов}}; January 23, 1846 – January 15, 1915) was a [[Russians|Russian]] [[physicist]] and [[mathematician]] known for discovering the concept of [[Umov-Poynting vector]] and [[Umov effect]].
| |
| | |
| ==Biography==
| |
| Umov was born in 1846 in [[Simbirsk]] (present-day Ulyanovsk) in the family of a military doctor. He graduated from the Physics and Mathematics department of [[Moscow State University]] in 1867 and became a Professor of Physics in 1875. He studied theoretical physics by reading works of [[Gabriel Lamé]], [[Clebsch]] and [[Clausius]], that made a significant impact on the originality of his later ideas in physics.
| |
| | |
| Umov became the head of the Physics department of Moscow State University (MSU) after [[Aleksandr Stoletov]] died in 1896. Together with [[Pyotr Lebedev]], Umov actively participated in founding the Physical Institute at the MSU.
| |
| | |
| He organized several educational societies. He was the president of the Moscow Society of Nature Explorers for 17 years. He was among the first Russian scientists who acknowledged the importance of the [[theory of relativity]]. In 1911, along with a group of leading professors, he left Moscow University in protest of reactionary actions of the government. Umov died in 1915 in Moscow.
| |
| | |
| ==Contribution to physics==
| |
| Umov was the first who introduced in physics such basic concepts as speed and direction of movement of [[energy]], which are now associated with [[Umov-Poynting vector]], and density of energy in a given point of space. During his work in [[Odessa]] in 1873—1874, Umov published first papers containing the major ideas of energy movement. In his first works of this period, Umov considered [[potential energy]] as [[kinetic energy]] of some environments "imperceptible for us". From this hypothesis, he made a conclusion: it is always possible to specify a place where the energy is in. Therefore, it is natural to raise the question about movement of energy. In his following works, Umov did not bind himself to this hypothesis about the nature of potential energy, but was guided by the principle of energy conservation only. After formulating the concept of density and movement of energy, he wrote differential equations for energy movement in the elastic media and in the fluid. The authoritative [[Klein's encyclopedia|''Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften'']] states: "''N. Umov in 1874 had already solved a problem of the movement of energy in liquid and elastic media in completely generalized view. However, the intense attention to this view has been attracted only after [[Poynting]] had presented a stream of electromagnetic energy based on [[Maxwell equations]]''" ten years later than Umov's publications.
| |
| | |
| He was the first scientist to indicate interrelation between mass and energy proposing the formula [[Mass–energy equivalence|<math>E=kmc^2</math>]] with 0,5 =< k =< 1 as early as in 1873.<ref>''Умов Н. А. Избранные сочинения'' [N.A. Umov. Selected Works]. М. — Л., 1950.</ref> In 1875, Umov solved a general problem of distribution of electric currents in conducting surfaces of any kind. In 1888—1891 he investigated experimentally the diffusion in water solutions, the [[polarization of light]] in opaque media, and discovered the effect of chromatic depolarization of light. In 1900, he conducted a thorough analysis of many [[Gauss]] formulae regarding [[terrestrial magnetism]], which allowed the definition of secular changes of the Earth's magnetic field.
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
| |
| | |
| ==External links==
| |
| *[http://bourabai.narod.ru/umov/index.htm Umov's works review] {{ru icon}}
| |
| *[http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/96/1009699/1009699a1.htm Biography of Umov] {{ru icon}}
| |
| *[http://www.rulex.ru/01200026.htm Biography of Umov] {{ru icon}}
| |
| | |
| {{Authority control|VIAF=168906921}}
| |
| {{Persondata
| |
| | NAME =Umov, Nikolay
| |
| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| |
| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Russian mathematician and physicist
| |
| | DATE OF BIRTH =January 23, 1846
| |
| | PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Simbirsk]]
| |
| | DATE OF DEATH =January 15, 1915
| |
| | PLACE OF DEATH =[[Moscow]]
| |
| }}
| |
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Umov, Nikolay}}
| |
| [[Category:Russian physicists]]
| |
| [[Category:Russian mathematicians]]
| |
| [[Category:Moscow State University alumni]]
| |
| [[Category:1846 births]]
| |
| [[Category:1915 deaths]]
| |
Nice to meet you, I am Marvella Shryock. South Dakota is where me and my husband reside. The factor she adores most is body building and now she is attempting to earn cash with it. Hiring is her working day occupation now but she's usually wanted her own business.
My web-site - http://drupal.12thirty4.com/