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| {{Infobox scientist
| | Chariot Tarot Card Indicating - Discover Out What This Major Arcana Card Implies<br><br> |
| |name = Robert Edward Bowen
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| |image = Rufus Bowen.jpg
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| |image_size =
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| |alt =
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| |caption =
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| |birth_name = Robert Edward Bowen
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| |birth_date = {{birth date|1947|2|23|df=y}}
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| |birth_place = [[Vallejo, California]], [[USA]]
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| |death_date = {{death date and age|1978|7|30|1947|2|23|df=y}}
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| |death_place = [[Santa Rosa, California]], USA
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| |residence =
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| |citizenship =
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| |nationality = United States
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| |ethnicity =
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| |fields = Mathematics
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| |workplaces = [[University of California, Berkeley]]
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| |alma_mater = University of California, Berkeley
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| |doctoral_advisor = [[Stephen Smale]]
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| |academic_advisors =
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| |doctoral_students = Ernesto Franco-Sanchez<br>Brian Marcus<br>Sherman Wong<br>Lai-Sang Young
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| |notable_students =
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| |known_for = [[Dynamical systems theory]]<br>[[Bowen's formula]]
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| |author_abbrev_bot =
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| |author_abbrev_zoo =
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| |influences =
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| |influenced =
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| |awards =
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| |religion =
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| |signature = <!--(filename only)-->
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| |signature_alt =
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| |footnotes =
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| '''Robert Edward "Rufus" Bowen''' (23 February 1947 – 30 July 1978) was an internationally known<ref name=SFC/> professor in the Department of Mathematics at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], who specialized in [[dynamical systems theory]]. Bowen's work dealt primarily with [[axiom A]] systems, but the methods he used while exploring [[topological entropy]], [[symbolic dynamics]], [[ergodic theory]], [[Markov partition]]s, and [[invariant measure]]s "have application far beyond the axiom A systems for which they were invented."<ref name=Hirschp97/> The Bowen Lectures at the University of California, Berkeley, are given in his honor.
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| ==Life==
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| Robert Edward Bowen was born in [[Vallejo, California]], to Marie DeWinter Bowen, a school teacher, and Emery Bowen, a [[Travis Air Force Base]] budget officer,<ref name=SFC>"Robert E. Bowen" [obituary], ''San Francisco Chronicle'', 1 August 1978, p. 18</ref><ref name=Hirsch>Morris Hirsch: "Rufus Bowen" in '''Dictionary of Scientific Biography''', vol. 17, supplement II, (Charles Scribner's and Sons, New York, 1990), p. 96</ref> but he grew up fifteen miles away in [[Fairfield, California|Fairfield]], California, where he attended the public schools and graduated from [[Armijo High School]] in 1964. His senior yearbook documents that he played two years of varsity basketball, was a member of the science, math, and language clubs, and was President of the senior class. During his first three years of high school, he finished 102nd, 7th, and 2nd among Californians in the MAA (Mathematical Association of America) mathematics test.<ref>'''La Mezcla''', (volume 67), Armijo High School, (Fairfield, Calif., 1964), p. 211</ref> In 1964, he finished 2nd in the [[Intel Science Talent Search|Westinghouse (now Intel) Science Talent Search]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>'''La Mezcla''', (volume 67), Armijo High School, (Fairfield, Calif., 1964), p. 160</ref> During his senior year in high school, his first published paper appeared in the American Mathematics Monthly.
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| As an undergraduate at the University of California, Berkeley, Bowen was a [[William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition|Putnam Fellow]] in 1964 and 1965.<ref>http://www.maa.org/awards/putnam.html [Retrieved 22 October 2009]</ref> He earned his bachelor's degree from Berkeley where he received, on 15 June 1967, the University Medal as the most distinguished graduating senior.<ref name=StraightA/> He also received the Dorothea Klumpke Roberts Prize (as top mathematics student) and the Mathematics Department Citation. At this time, Bowen was quoted as saying, "I'm slightly involved in political activity."<ref name=StraightA>"Straight-A UC Graduate Shrugs It Off", ''San Francisco Chronicle'', 16 June 1967, p. 2</ref> He was "active in organizations devoted to preventing nuclear war."<ref name=Hirsch/>
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| Bowen married Carol Twito of [[Hayward, California|Hayward]] on 6 March 1968.<ref name=Hirsch/> They had no children.
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| In 1970, Bowen completed his doctorate in Mathematics at Berkeley under [[Stephen Smale]], and joined the faculty as assistant professor in that year. At this time he began calling himself Rufus,<ref name=Hirsch/> the nickname he had been given because of his red hair and beard.<ref name=StAnd>http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Bowen.html [Retrieved 20 October 2009]</ref> He was an invited speaker at the 1974 International Mathematical Conference in [[Vancouver]], British Columbia.<ref name=StAnd/> He was promoted to full professorship in 1977.
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| Bowen's mature work dealt with dynamical systems theory, a field which Smale, Bowen's dissertation advisor, explored and broadened in the 1960s.
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| <blockquote>
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| As studied by Smale, a dynamical system comprises a [[manifold]] <math>M</math> and a [[smooth mapping]] <math>f</math>:<math>M</math>→<math>M</math> ... As [[Henri Poincaré|Poincaré]] emphasized, there is no general procedure for this, and therefore one must resort to describing average, typical, or most probable behavior. Bowen's work is an important part of the program of expressing these vague ideas in mathematically precise and useful ways.<ref name=Hirschp97>Morris Hirsch: "Rufus Bowen" in '''Dictionary of Scientific Biography''', vol. 17, supplement II, (Charles Scribner's and Sons, New York, 1990), p. 97</ref>
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| </blockquote> | |
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| Bowen was just 31 years old when he died in [[Santa Rosa, California|Santa Rosa]] of a cerebral hemorrhage "at the start of what was to have been a vacation trip."<ref name=SFC/> Berkeley's Mathematics Department Chairman [[John L. Kelley]] called Bowen a "remarkable, brilliant professor and superb teacher."<ref name=SFC/> [[Dennis Sullivan]] wrote, in the issue of ''Publications mathématiques de l'Institut des hautes études scientifiques'' dedicated to Bowen's memory,<blockquote>
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| Rufus was special, and I could close with Mike Shub's comment, "Don't forget to say that we all liked him".<ref>"Rufus Bowen (1947-1978)", ''Publications mathématiques de l'Institut des hautes études scientifiques'', no. 50 (1979), p. 7</ref>
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| </blockquote>
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| ==Posthumous honor== | |
| Since 1981, an eminent mathematician or scientist has spoken each year under the auspices of The Bowen Lectures at Berkeley. According to the University, "The Bowen Lectures are supported by an anonymous donor, who was an undergraduate student of Rufus Bowen."<ref>http://math.berkeley.edu/events_series_bowen.html [Retrieved 20 October 2009]</ref> Most notably, [[Roger Penrose]] gave the talks in 2002-3 and [[Edward Witten]] lectured in 2006-7.
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| ==Selected published works==
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| * Bowen: "The sequence <math>ka</math><sup><math>n</math></sup>+1 composite for all <math>n</math>", ''American Mathematics Monthly'', vol. 71 (1964), pp. 175–6.
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| * Bowen: "Topological Entropy and Axiom A" in '''Global Analysis''' (Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics, vol. XIV), American Mathematical Society (Providence, 1970), Shiing-Shen Chern and Stephen Smale, editors, pp. 23–41.
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| * Bowen: "Markov partitions for Axiom A diffeomorphisms", ''American Journal of Mathematics'', vol. 92 (1970), pp. 725–747.
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| * Bowen: "Periodic points and measures for Axiom A diffeomorphisms", ''Transactions of the American Mathematical Society'', 1971, pp. 377–397.
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| * Bowen: "Symbolic Dynamics for Hyperbolic Flows" in '''Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians''' (Vancouver, 1974), pp. 299–302.
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| * Bowen: '''Equilibrium States and the Ergodic Theory of Anosov Diffeomorphisms'''. (Lecture Notes in Mathematics, no. 470: A. Dold and B. Eckmann, editors). Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg, 1975), 108 pp.
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| * Bowen and David Ruelle: "The ergodic theory of Axiom A flows", ''Inventiones Mathematicae'', vol. 29 (1975), pp. 181–202.
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| * Bowen: "Entropy for Maps of the Interval", ''Topology'', vol. 16 (1977); pp. 465–467.
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| * Bowen: "A Model for Couette Flow-data", in '''Turbulence Seminar, Proceedings 1976/77''' (New York, 1977), P. Bernard and T. Ratin, editors; pp. 117–133.
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| * Bowen: '''On Axiom A Diffeomorphisms''', (Regional Conference Series in Mathematics, no. 35), Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences (Providence, 1978), 45 pp. ISBN 0-8218-1685-3.
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| * Bowen: "Hausdorff Dimension of Quasi-circles", ''Publications mathématiques de l'Institut des hautes études scientifiques'', no. 50 (1979), pp. 11–26.
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| * Bowen: '''Equilibrium States and the Ergodic Theory of Anosov Diffeomorphisms''', 2nd Edition, edited by Jean-René Chazottes. Springer-Verlag (Berlin, 2008). ISBN 978-3-540-77605-5.
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| == References ==
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| <!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically -->
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| {{Reflist}}
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| == External links ==
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| * [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Bowen.html Biographical and professional information about Rufus Bowen]
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| * [http://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=23188 Rufus Bowen at the Mathematics Genealogy Project]
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| <!--- * [http://www.numdam.org/numdam-bin/feuilleter?id=PMIHES_1979__50_ Zwei Artikel von Bowen in den Publications Math. IHES von 1979] -->
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| * [http://math.berkeley.edu/events_series_bowen.html The Bowen Lectures at UC Berkeley]
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| {{Authority control|VIAF=113274339}}
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| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
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| | NAME =Bowen, Rufus
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| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =Robert Edward Bowen
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| | SHORT DESCRIPTION =Golden Boy
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| | DATE OF BIRTH =23 February 1947
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| | PLACE OF BIRTH =Vallejo, California, USA
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| | DATE OF DEATH =30 July 1978
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| | PLACE OF DEATH =Santa Rosa, California, USA
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| }}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Bowen, Rufus}}
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| [[Category:1947 births]]
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| [[Category:1978 deaths]]
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| [[Category:20th-century mathematicians]]
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| [[Category:American mathematicians]]
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| [[Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty]]
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| [[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
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| [[Category:People from Fairfield, California]]
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