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| {{For|beliefs regarding a supposed collision between Earth and Comet Elenin|Nibiru cataclysm}}
| | <br><br>Ontario knife firm is known for it really is excellent products more than the years. Ontario Knife enterprise is known for producing wonderful survival, combat and tactical knives over the years. Ontario 498 Marine Combat Knife is yet another a single of the ideal knife produced by the organization which is mainly supplied to US military.<br><br>If you have any questions regarding in which and how to use [http://www.thebestpocketknifereviews.com/kershaw-knives-reviews/ Review Of Kershaw Knives], you can make contact with us at the webpage. The most [http://Sss.chaoslab.ru/tracker/mim_plugs/newticket?reporter=anonymous&summary=AttributeError%3A+%27Environment%27+object+has+no+attribute+%27get_db_cnx%27&description=The+Shallot+includes+a+3+1%2F2inch+serrated+pace+secure+blade+produced+from+14C28N+metal+with+bead+blast+end%2C+finger+flipper+and+a+four+3%2F8inch+410+steel+deal+with+with+a+liner+lock%2C+lanyard+gap%2C+tip+up+or+tip+down+carry+pocket+clip%0D%0A%0D%0A%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+deal+with%2Fbody+of+the+Kershaw+Blur+collection+folding+knives+is+comprised+of+black+coated+6061-T6+machined+aluminum+and+is+fitted+with+their+Trac-Tec+grip+inserts.+Trac-Tec+is+Kershaw%27s+gripping+material+constructed+from+what+appears+to+be+delicate%2C+pliable+rubber+with+a+floor+texture+resembling+extremely+course+sandpaper.+The+Shun+model+additionally+features+a+few+lesser-identified+traces.+Shun+Steel+knives+feature+a+stainless-steel+handle.+Shun+Pro+knives+feature+a+single-bevel+that+allows+for+a+narrower+edge+angle+and%2C+due+to+this+fact%2C+a+sharper+blade.+Shun+Professional+II+features+a+patterned+deal+with%2C+a+barely+thicker+blade+as+well+as+Shun%27s+sharpest+blade.+Kershaw+Ken+Onion+Design+Whirlwind+Lockback+Knife+September+29%2C+2003+Kershaw+Ken+Onion+Design+Whirlwind+Lockback+Knife+5+%2F+5+stars%0D%0A%0D%0AAnybody+who+is+even+remotely+accustomed+to+pocket+knife+building+can+see+that+the+Kershaw+Leek+folding+knife+is+a+nicely+designed+and+well+made+knife+that+incorporates+high+quality+materials+and+an+revolutionary+locking+mechanism+that+keeps+the+blade+closed+whenever+you+want+it+closed+and+open+when+you+need+it+open+and+yet+permits+the+user+to+easily+open+the+knife+with+one+hand.+Also%2C+I+just+like+the+design+of+the+deal+with+because+it+has+a+really+ergonomic+shape.+Nonetheless%2C+having+stated+that%2C+I+additionally+have+to+say+that+I+don%27t+personally+like+the+shape+of+the+modified+drop+level+blade+because+it+lacks+a+sweep+to+the+tip.+Thus%2C+for+my+part%2C+it+is+extra+akin+to+a+straight+razor+than+a+correct+knife+blade.%0D%0A%0D%0AI+actually+like+how+they+did+the+blade+on+the+Cryo.+Kershaw+is+the+grasp+of+flipper+type+pocket+knives+and+it+really+shows+here.+It+is+the+everyday+hollow+grind+blade%2C+certain%2C+but+they%27ve+made+it+look+aggressive+with+out+taking+any+functionality+away.+The+8Cr13MoV+metal+can+also+be+typical+of+a+price+range+knife%2C+however+they%27ve+given+it+a+pleasant+coating.+Mine+came+with+an+excellent+edge+on+it%2C+and+it+involves+a+pleasant%2C+sharp+tip.++If+you+have+any+questions+pertaining+to+wherever+and+how+to+use+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebestpocketknifereviews.com%2Fkershaw-knives-reviews%2F+Kershaw+Kitchen+Knife+Review%5D%2C+you+can+make+contact+with+us+at+our+own+site.+I+have+a+drawer+full+of+Kershaw+Ken+Onion+knives.+I+discovered+them+about+10-15+years+ago+and+have+given+away+30-40+as+gifts+as+a+result+of+they%27re+reasonably+priced+and+work+well.+I%27ve+friends+who%27ve+lost+their+knives+but+nobody+has+informed+me+%22it+broke%22.+Kershaw+1475ST+Partially+Serrated+Storm+II+Knife+7-Piece+Knife+Block+Set++Greatest+%24500+Kitchen+Knives+Blade+Design+9%0D%0A%0D%0AAs+you+may+see+in+the+picture+above%2C+the+handle+has+a+transparent+opening+from+top+to+bottom+when+the+blade+is+open.+This+is+useful+for+blowing+the+pocket+lint+out+after+carrying+it+for+some+time.+You+may+also+see+the+jimping+on+the+handle+near+the+spine+of+the+blade%2C+perfectly+located+on+your+thumb+when+holding+the+knife.+For+additional+security%2C+the+prolonged+bolster+of+the+knife+gives+safety+on+your+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2FSearch.Un.org%2Fsearch%3Fie%3Dutf8%26site%3Dun_org%26output%3Dxml_no_dtd%26client%3DUN_Website_en%26num%3D10%26lr%3Dlang_en%26proxystylesheet%3DUN_Website_en%26oe%3Dutf8%26q%3Dforefinger%26Submit%3DGo+forefinger%5D+when+gripping+the+knife.+There+is+a+reversible+pocket+clip+to+carry+the+knife+right-+or+left-handed+and+there+is+a+pre-drilled+hole+for+a+lanyard.+The+Scrambler+is+an+EDC+that+you+are+proud+to+carry+as+a+result+of+it+appears+to+be+like+pretty+much+as+good+because+it+%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.uk%2Fsearch%3Fhl%3Den%26gl%3Dus%26tbm%3Dnws%26q%3Dperforms%26gs_l%3Dnews+performs%5D.+avoid+chopping+myself+and+to+maintain+the+knife.+Thank+you+Mark%21%29.+of+the+tactical+knife+business%2C%E2%80%9D+as+they+put+it.%0D%0A%0D%0AThus%2C+although+the+Kershaw+Diskin+Hunter+lacks+all+of+the+fancy+options+out+there+from+a+customized+maker%2C+it+is+primarily+a+custom+knife+that%27s+produced+on+a+large+scale+by+a+properly+know+manufacturer+and+it%27s+one+that+I+might+really+feel+very+comfy+carrying+in+the+subject.+The+blade+itself+is+Sandvik+14C28N+Knife+Metal+and+has+proved+true+to+its+repute+of+holding+an+edge+and+corrosion+resistance.+Carrying+anything+steel+in+your+pocket+day+in+and+day+out+may+cause+rust.+After+a+yr+in+my+pocket+it+looks+nearly+as+good+in+the+present+day+as+the+day+I+purchased+it.+The+blade+will+hold+sharpness+yet+isn%27t+too+tough+to+sharpen.+Kershaw+is+a+brand+of+Kai+USA%2C+Ltd%2C+a+Japanese+company.+All+of+the+Leeks+I%27ve+dealt+with+had+been+made+within+the+USA.+This+is+the+highest+of+the+line+for+Shun.%0D%0A%0D%0AI+know+it+has+been+awhile+since+I+final+up+to+date+the+site+and+I%27ve+a+great+reason+for+that.+The+rationale+of+that+is+that+I+actually+had+nothing+to+evaluate.+So+I+simply+took+a+break+for+a+bit%2C+but+now+I%27m+back+with+some+new+issues+to+review+and+a+fast+update+for+y%27all.+Kershaw+and+Ken+Onion+did+a+remarkably+good+job+on+the+Leek%27s+design.+It%27s+elegant+yet+sturdy-feeling%3B+the+blade+is+sharp+and+effectively+formed%3B+and+the+deal+with+is+comfy+but+compact.+On+top+of+all+that%2C+the+knife+is+made+in+the+USA.+And+if+that+wasn%27t+enough%2C+it+is+extremely+inexpensive+at+around+%2435.+It+is+very+important+be+aware+that+the+Leek+is+NOT+an+computerized+knife%2C+switchblade%2C+or+gravity+knife.+Even+so%2C+be+sure+you+know+your+local+knife+legal+guidelines+earlier+than+serious+about+purchasing+one%21&create=Create popular fixed] blade knife in the World - "the KA-BAR" - was created to serve our troops in the course of World War II and is nonetheless doing its job, with honors, nearly 70 years later. Full sized 7" blade. Produced of 1095 cro-van steel with a leather deal with. USMC stamped on blade. This knife has a straight edge and comes with a either a brown leather sheath stamped with the USMC emblem, or a difficult black plastic sheath see item K5017. The USMC Ka-bar fighting knife is a nicely constructed knife that ought to present great service. Whether you are out hunting, camping, or are a accurate survivalist, the Ka-bar fighting knife can fill your desires. Carry at least two survival knives Iraqi Freedom Commemorative (US Army, USMC & US Navy) POW/MIA Commemorative (US Army, USMC & US Navy)<br><br>Stainless Steel Army Bushcraft Knife D2 Steel Fixed Blade Bolo Machete In this distinct Outback model the machete is made from blasted satin stainless steel, giving it an authentic "stainless steel" look. Noted Characteristics of This Classic Knife How the Kabar Marine Corps Staple is Created Heat Treating – Kabar uses a 3-step heating approach that requires a single hour to comprehensive for every of its stainless steel blades. Inspection – Each and every Kabar Marine Corps knife is subjected to many inspections before it is released onto the market place. The knife is low priced in comparison with its features. Chefs Note The Kressler Subhilt Fighter is a real "Gesamtkunstwerk," which is definitely exclusive inside the planet of production knives. Click here for Manual Diamond Knife Sharpeners!<br><br>She looked at a range of knives, but decided that a substantial Bowie knife (I never recall the make) with a ten – 12 inch blade and the Large Brother version of the Ka-Bar have been too significant. She rejected the Sog Seal knife for the reason that it did not have a straight spine and it costs extra than $100. She also rejected the Sog Seal Pup and the compact sized Ka-Bar simply because they were also tiny (4.75 and five.25 inches respectively). She also looked at other a lot more high priced alternatives and nonetheless decided they did not offer you something particular to justify the expense.<br><br>So, if you happen to be seeking to chop wood, reduce down brush, get firewood, defend your self, or dig, pry and poke, the BK9 is much more than a good solution and will serve you effectively for a extended time. Exactly where To Discover The Finest On the net Deal For The Kabar Becker BK9 Combat Bowie? Due to Laws at the moment in force in the State of New York that have not too long ago been passed, ReNu Tech Solutions, LLC can not ship or sell knives to men and women who are residents of Manhatten (or New York City), NY. We ARE Permitted to ship anywhere else in the state of New York. Also, you Ought to be Over 18 years of age to obtain ANY of our knives that we have have for sale. - Thank you, Ladislao Mandiola The other Ontario knife that is a bit larger but just as very good is the Tak1. On Sale $189.95 On Sale $75.95<br><br>They give a choice of knives specializing in exotic deal with components and stainless steel blades. Renowned knife maker Gil Hibben has been designing and generating major-quality blades for a lot more than fifty years. Wesley has been producing and designing custom knives for far more than 25 years. Not surprisingly, most Specific Forces military units of the globe teach their combat soldiers to stab the enemy as opposed to slashing them. So it is the similar even with fundamental bayonet coaching for new recruits. The goal for stabbing is to promptly incapacitate the enemy. In armed conflict an enemy soldier have to be place down quick considering that there are most likely to be multiple troops to contend with, and survival depends on efficiency. Custom knifemaker and designer considering the fact that 2000<br><br>I have utilized my KA-BAR Full Size US Marine Corps Fighting Knife for 4 months now. Therefore I can prove the great capabilities of this fighting knife. This knife is as sharp as a razor with a delicate point tip. In fact it is so sharp that you can resolve to use it as an alternative to razor at times. The coating of the blade is amazing and there is no flaws at all. It offers a quite smooth touch that has an everlasting knowledge. The coating is basically for prevention of rusting and it can truly be no cost from rust for lots of years. On the knife is a stamp (USMC) which is basically a matter of honor for the customers. It has a deal with with leather washer, wonderful for grip and fits the hands very effectively. The deal with may final forever if nicely taken care of.<br><br>Although it is primarily a combat knife and therefore not intended for daily use, I nevertheless believe the finger guards should really be rounded off a bit to steer clear of chafing and blisters. The angles of the finger guard are a simply too flat to be comfortable for extended periods of use, at least with out gloves. The initially decision you will have to make is whether you want a fixed blade or folding tactical knife. If you are in the military, law enforcement or are some sort of contract defense personnel,you are almost certainly going to want a fixed blade knife as your principal blade. If you are selecting a back up blade, or strategy on carrying the knife routinely in a civilian role (as say, an emergency defensive weapon) a folding knife could be a great choice.<br><br>I would never take into consideration taking any other knife with me into the wilderness, in particular when my life could rely on it. Ka-Bars are nicely-known for being indestructible pieces of metal. You can use them as a hammer, axe/hatchet, saw and wood splitter. Mine is also my initially line of defense against an angry or hungry animal. With its 7 inch blade. They have a flat bottom on the manage so you can use it like a hammer, like pounding in tent stakes for instance. They have finger guards on each sides and a grooved manage. Also incredibly crucial is the sheath, the a single that came with mine is by far the finest a single i have. It has three locks to preserve the knife restrained. It is capable of horizontal carry (far more out of the way). Luxury knife maker Rockstead's TEI-S DLC |
| {{Infobox comet
| |
| | name = C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
| |
| | image = [[File:Elenin 1aug2011 zoom.jpg|240px]]
| |
| | caption = Comet Elenin as seen by the [[STEREO]]-B spacecraft on August 1st, 2011.
| |
| | discoverer = [[Leonid Elenin]]<br/>0.45-m reflector ([[List of observatory codes#H00-H99|H15]])<ref name="IAUC9189">{{cite web
| |
| |date=2010-12-17
| |
| |title=IAUC 9189: C/2010 X1; P/2010 V1
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| |publisher=IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams
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| |url=http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/09100/09189.html
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| |accessdate=2011-03-15}}</ref><ref name="MPEC2010-X101">{{cite web
| |
| |date=2010-12-12
| |
| |title=MPEC 2010-X101: COMET C/2010 X1 (ELENIN)
| |
| |publisher=IAU Minor Planet Center
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| |url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K10/K10XA1.html
| |
| |accessdate=2011-03-15}}</ref>
| |
| | discovery_date = {{nobr|December 10, 2010}}
| |
| | epoch = March 30, 2011<br/>([[Julian day|JD]] 2455650.5)<ref name=jpl-close/>
| |
| | aphelion = ~1037 [[Astronomical Unit|AU]]<ref name=barycenter/>
| |
| | perihelion = 0.48243 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]<ref name=jpl-close/>
| |
| | semimajor = ~518 AU<ref name=barycenter/>
| |
| | semiminor =
| |
| | orbital_circ =
| |
| | eccentricity = 1.0000621<ref name=jpl-close/>
| |
| | period = ~11,800 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]<ref name=barycenter/>
| |
| | avg_speed =
| |
| | max_speed =
| |
| | min_speed =
| |
| | inclination = 1.839°<ref name=jpl-close/>
| |
| | last_p = 10 September 2011<ref name=jpl-close/>
| |
| | next_p = unknown/disintegrated<!-- Solar System is not a two-body system. The previous or the next comet return cannot be calculated simply from current value of orbital period. Semi-major axis and orbital period will change during one revolution due to gravitational perturbations from planets. -->
| |
| }}
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| | |
| Comet '''C/2010 X1 (Elenin)''' is a [[long-period comet]] discovered by Russian [[amateur astronomer]] [[Leonid Elenin]] on December 10, 2010, through [[Amateur astronomy#Remote control telescopes|remote control]] of the [[International Scientific Optical Network]]'s robotic observatory near [[Mayhill, New Mexico|Mayhill]] in the U.S. state of [[New Mexico]]. The discovery was made using the automated asteroids discovery program [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2012/pdf/1049.pdf CoLiTec]. At the time of discovery, the comet had an [[apparent magnitude]] of 19.5,<ref name="MPEC2010-X101"/> making it about 150,000 times fainter than can be seen with the [[naked eye]].<ref>[[Apparent magnitude#Calculations|Math]]: <math>(\sqrt[5]{100})^{19.5-6.5}\approx 158489</math></ref> The discoverer, Leonid Elenin, originally estimated that the [[comet nucleus]] was 3–4 km in diameter,<ref name=size>{{cite web |url=http://spaceobs.org/en/asteroids-comets/faq/ |title=Comet Elenin FAQ | SpaceObs |first=Leonid |last=Elenin }}</ref> but more recent estimates place the pre-breakup size of the comet at 2 km.<ref name="NASA2011-331">{{cite web |date=October 25, 2011 |title=NASA Says Comet Elenin Gone and Should Be Forgotten |publisher=NASA/JPL |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2011-331&cid=release_2011-331 |accessdate=2011-10-26}} [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/asteroids/news/elenin20111025.html (Backup link)]</ref> Comet Elenin started disintegrating in August 2011,<ref name="UT2011-08"/> and as of mid-October 2011 was not visible even using large ground-based telescopes.<ref name="Remanzacco2"/>
| |
| | |
| ==Brightness==
| |
| In April 2011, the comet was around magnitude 15 (roughly the brightness of [[Pluto#Appearance and surface|Pluto]]), with a [[Coma (cometary)|coma]] (expanding tenuous dust atmosphere) estimated to be about 80,000 km in diameter.<ref name="Coma-April">{{cite web
| |
| |date=2011-04-10
| |
| |title=Comet Elenin continues to increase in size, and another close approach with a large Main belt asteroid
| |
| |first=Leonid |last=Elenin
| |
| |url=http://spaceobs.org/en/2011/04/10/comet-elenin-continues-to-increase-in-size-and-another-close-approach-with-a-large-main-belt-asteroid/
| |
| |accessdate=2011-04-13}}</ref> As of 21 May 2011 the coma had exceeded 100,000 km,<ref name="Coma-May">{{cite web
| |
| |date=2011-05-25
| |
| |title=Perhaps the closest approach of comet Elenin to a main-belt asteroid
| |
| |first=Leonid |last=Elenin
| |
| |url=http://spaceobs.org/en/2011/05/25/perhaps-the-closest-approach-of-comet-elenin-to-a-main-belt-asteroid/
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| |accessdate=2011-05-25}}</ref> and as of August 2011 it had exceeded 200,000 km.<ref name="Coma-Aug">{{cite web
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| |date=2011-08-04
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| |title=Diameter of coma of comet Elenin exceeded 200,000 km
| |
| |first=Leonid |last=Elenin
| |
| |url=http://spaceobs.org/en/2011/08/04/diameter-of-coma-of-comet-elenin-exceeded-200000-km/
| |
| |accessdate=2011-08-04}}</ref> Estimates of the comet's visual brightness varied from 13.1 to 13.8 magnitude between May 22 and June 4, were approaching 10 by late July 2011, and were around 8.3 as of mid August 2011.<ref name="IVOC">{{cite web
| |
| |date=6 / Jun / 2011
| |
| |title=International Visual Observations of Comets (I.V.O.C.)
| |
| |publisher=International Visual Observations of Comets (I.V.O.C.)
| |
| |author=J.P. Navarro Pina
| |
| |url=http://www.comet-observation.com/
| |
| |accessdate=2011-06-06}}</ref> Even at a magnitude of 8.3, the comet was about 5 times fainter than the naked eye can see under a completely dark sky.<ref>Math: [[Apparent magnitude#Calculations|2.512]]<sup>(8.3 − 6.5)</sup> = 5.2</ref> On 19 August 2011 comet Elenin was hit by a [[coronal mass ejection]] (CME).<ref name="CME">{{cite web
| |
| |date=2011-08-24
| |
| |title=Interaction between comet Elenin and coronal mass ejection from the Sun
| |
| |first=Leonid |last=Elenin
| |
| |url=http://spaceobs.org/en/2011/08/24/interaction-between-comet-elenin-and-coronal-mass-ejection-from-the-sun/
| |
| |accessdate=2011-08-30}}</ref> The comet started disintegrating, as did comet [[C/1999 S4]].<ref name="UT2011-08">{{cite web
| |
| |date=August 29, 2011
| |
| |title=Comet Elenin Could Be Disintegrating
| |
| |publisher=Universe Today
| |
| |author=Nancy Atkinson
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| |url=http://www.universetoday.com/88494/comet-elenin-could-be-disintigrating/
| |
| |accessdate=2011-08-30}}</ref><ref name="Bob2011-08">{{cite web
| |
| |date=August 28, 2011
| |
| |title=Comet Elenin tired of doomsday finger pointing
| |
| |author=Bob King (Astro Bob)
| |
| |url=http://astrobob.areavoices.com/2011/08/28/comet-elenin-tired-of-too-much-pr/
| |
| |accessdate=2011-08-28}}</ref> As of mid September 2011 the comet had become dimmer than magnitude 10.5, and appeared around magnitude 12 as seen by STEREO-A.<ref name="NEO1228">{{cite web
| |
| |date=14 Sep 2011
| |
| |title=Southern Comets Homepage
| |
| |author=Michael Mattiazzo
| |
| |url=http://members.westnet.com.au/mmatti/sc.htm
| |
| |accessdate=2011-09-17}} [http://www.flickr.com/photos/40303621@N03/6148211279/ (STEREO-A image)]</ref> As of October 2011 the comet is projected to be about magnitude 14 and fading.<ref name="Novichonok">{{cite web
| |
| |date=2011-09-23
| |
| |title=Light Curve for C/2010 X1
| |
| |publisher=Light curves for comets (made in Comet for Win)
| |
| |author=Artyom Novichonok
| |
| |url=http://severastro.narod.ru/sla/com/lc/current/c2010x1.gif
| |
| |accessdate=2011-09-25}}</ref> By mid-October 2011 there had been no confirmed ground based sighting of Comet Elenin even using the {{convert|2.0|m|in|adj=on}} [[Faulkes Telescope North]] with a [[limiting magnitude]] of around 20.5.<ref name="Remanzacco2">{{cite web
| |
| |date=October 11, 2011
| |
| |title=C/2010 X1 (Elenin) post solar conjunction recovery attempt
| |
| |publisher=Remanzacco Observatory in Italy – Comets & Neo
| |
| |author=Ernesto Guido, [[Giovanni Sostero]] and [http://www.faulkes-telescope.com/team Nick Howes]
| |
| |url=http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2011/10/c2010-x1-elenin-post-solar-conjunction.html
| |
| |accessdate=2011-10-11}} [http://www.fototime.com/ftweb/bin/ft.dll/picture?PictId={BC48F011-0E71-4E92-B610-F5CDB1FFB4E6} (Oct 17 failed recovery)] [http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2011/10/another-recovery-attempt-on-c2010-x1.html (Oct 21 attempt)]</ref> The dust cloud remnants of Comet Elenin started to become visible to ground-based telescopes around 21 October 2011.<ref name="Remanzacco3">{{cite web
| |
| |date=October 21, 2011
| |
| |title=Another recovery attempt on C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
| |
| |publisher=Remanzacco Observatory in Italy – Comets & Neo
| |
| |author=Ernesto Guido, [[Giovanni Sostero]] and [http://www.faulkes-telescope.com/team Nick Howes]
| |
| |url=http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2011/10/another-recovery-attempt-on-c2010-x1.html
| |
| |accessdate=2011-10-23}}</ref><ref name="GRAS-020">{{cite web
| |
| |date=October 24, 2011
| |
| |title=A Dust Cloud once called Comet Elenin
| |
| |publisher=GRAS
| |
| |author=Aussie Pete
| |
| |url=http://www.global-rent-a-scope.com/gras-news/2011/10/24/a-dust-cloud-once-called-comet-elenin.html
| |
| |accessdate=2011-10-23}}</ref> The post-disintegration appearance of C/2010 X1 has been visually compared to the debris field of [[Shoemaker-Levy 9]] as seen on 23 June 1993.<ref name="Remanzacco4">{{cite web
| |
| |date=October 24, 2011
| |
| |title="Debris cloud" of comet C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
| |
| |publisher=Remanzacco Observatory in Italy – Comets & Neo
| |
| |author=Ernesto Guido, [[Giovanni Sostero]] and [http://www.faulkes-telescope.com/team Nick Howes]
| |
| |url=http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2011/10/debris-cloud-of-comet-c2010-x1-elenin.html
| |
| |accessdate=2011-10-26}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| Between August 1 and August 12 of 2011,<ref name="plans">{{cite web
| |
| |date=2011-07-19
| |
| |title=STEREO Coordinated Observations Calendar
| |
| |publisher=STEREO Science Center @ NASA
| |
| |author=Joseph B Gurman
| |
| |url=http://stereo-ssc.nascom.nasa.gov/plans.shtml
| |
| |accessdate=2011-07-28}}</ref> NASA repeatedly rolled the [[STEREO]]-B spacecraft to view the [[forward scatter]]ing of light as the spacecraft, comet, and Sun aligned.<ref name="photo-HI2">{{cite web
| |
| |title=Observing Comet Elenin
| |
| |publisher=STEREO @ NASA
| |
| |url=http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/item.php?id=selects&iid=154
| |
| |accessdate=2011-08-02}} [http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/img/stereoimages/movies/elenin_6to12aug2011_hi1.mov (Aug 6th to Aug 12th animation)]</ref> As of August 14, 2011, Elenin was visible in STEREO-B without rolling the craft.<ref name="Musgrave">{{cite web
| |
| |date=August 17, 2011
| |
| |title=Comet Elenin in STEREO H1B (August14)
| |
| |publisher=Astroblog
| |
| |author=Ian Musgrave
| |
| |url=http://astroblogger.blogspot.com/2011/08/comet-elenin-in-stereo-h1b-august14.html
| |
| |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref> Since the comet disintegrated, [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory|SOHO]] failed to detect the forward scattering of light in late September.<ref name="test-roll">{{cite web
| |
| |date=2011-07-28
| |
| |title=The test roll was successful, let’s wait for August 1
| |
| |first=Leonid |last=Elenin
| |
| |url=http://spaceobs.org/en/2011/07/28/the-test-roll-was-succesful-lets-wait-for-august-1/
| |
| |accessdate=2011-07-28}}</ref> Since the orbit of Elenin is nearly coincident with the ecliptic plane with an inclination of only 1.84°, the comet entered forward-scattering geometry from STEREO-B, SOHO, and the Earth.<ref name="Marcus2011">{{cite web
| |
| |date=2011-07-28
| |
| |title=Forward-Scattering Enhancement of Comet Brightness III. Prospects for C/2010 (Elenin) as viewed from the Earth, SOHO, STEREO-A, and STEREO-B
| |
| |publisher=International Comet Quarterly
| |
| |author=Joseph N. Marcus
| |
| |url=http://www.icq.eps.harvard.edu/C2010X1_ICQ_MSS-R2.pdf
| |
| |format=PDF
| |
| |accessdate=2011-08-24}}</ref> Had the comet not disintegrated, it would have allowed the dust scattering function to be studied simultaneously from two different locations.<ref name="Marcus2011"/>
| |
| | |
| C/2010 X1 made its closest approach to the Sun ([[perihelion]]) on 10 September 2011 at a distance of {{convert|0.4824|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}}.<ref name=jpl-close/> The remnant of Elenin made its closest approach to the Earth on 16 October 2011, at a distance of {{convert|0.2338|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=off}}<ref name=jpl-close>{{cite web
| |
| |date=2011-03-25 last obs
| |
| |title=JPL Close-Approach Data: C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
| |
| |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=C/2010+X1;cad=1#cad
| |
| |accessdate=2011-03-16}}</ref><ref name="Space">{{cite web |date=14 October 2011 |title=Debris of 'Doomsday' Comet Elenin to Pass By Earth on Sunday |publisher=Space.com |author=Mike Wall |url=http://www.space.com/13281-doomsday-comet-elenin-earth-flyby-sunday.html |accessdate=2011-10-14}}</ref> or slightly closer than the planet [[Venus]], at a [[relative velocity]] of 86,000 km/h.<ref name=jpl-close/> Before the August fading of the comet, the [[Minor Planet Center]] [[ephemeris]] projected that the originally bright comet Elenin would reach about 6th [[Apparent magnitude|magnitude]] in September and October 2011,<ref name="MPC-Ephemeris">{{cite web
| |
| |title=Elements and Ephemeris for C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
| |
| |publisher=[http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html Comet Ephemeris Service] @ IAU Minor Planet Center
| |
| |url=http://scully.cfa.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/returnprepeph.cgi?d=c&o=CK10X010
| |
| |accessdate=2011-03-20}} (C/2010 X1)</ref> but the brightness depends on the activity level of the [[Coma (cometary)|coma]].<ref name="Remanzacco">{{cite web |date=2011-03-31 |title=Comet C/2010 X1 (Elenin) |publisher=Remanzacco Observatory in Italy – Comets & Neo |url=http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2011/03/comet-c2010-x1-elenin.html |accessdate=2011-04-03}}</ref> But since Elenin has disintegrated, it will not become visible to the naked eye or binoculars.<ref name="Remanzacco2"/> Elenin made its closest apparent pass in the night sky to Comet [[45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková]] on the morning of October 8, and moved apparently close to Mars on October 15. The comet came to [[Opposition (planets)|opposition]] at 178° from the Sun on March 14, 2011<ref name="Marcus2011"/> and came to opposition again on November 22, 2011<ref name="Marcus2011"/> at 175° from the Sun. The minimum angle between the Sun and comet occurred on September 26 (1.9°),<ref name="Marcus2011"/> and between July 28 and October 10 the comet was less than 45 degrees from the Sun.
| |
| | |
| ==Original and future orbit==
| |
| Given the [[orbital eccentricity]] of this object, its [[orbital period]] is not a fixed value, because it is frequently [[perturbation (astronomy)|perturbed]] by the gravity of the planets. Near perihelion, using an August 2011 epoch, Kazuo Kinoshita shows C/2010 X1 to have a heliocentric orbital period of 600,000 years, though more perturbations will occur.<ref name="Kinoshita">{{cite web |date=2011 Feb. 26 last update |title=C/2010 X1 (Elenin) |publisher=Comet Orbit Home Page |author=Kazuo Kinoshita |url=http://jcometobs.web.fc2.com/cmt/k10x1.htm |accessdate=2011-03-08}}</ref><ref name=Elenin2011>{{cite web |url=http://spaceobs.org/en/2011/03/07/vliyanie-planet-gigantov-na-orbitu-komety-c2010-x1-elenin/ |title=Influence of giant planets on the orbit of comet C/2010 X1 |first=Leonid |last=Elenin |date=7 March 2011 }}</ref> For objects at such high eccentricity, the Sun's [[Barycentric coordinates (astronomy)|barycentric coordinates]] are more stable than heliocentric coordinates.<ref name="Kaib2009">{{cite journal |last=Kaib |first=Nathan A. |coauthors=Becker, Andrew C.; Jones, R. Lynne; Puckett, Andrew W.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Dilday, Benjamin; Frieman, Joshua A.; Oravetz, Daniel J.; Pan, Kaike; Quinn, Thomas; Schneider, Donald P.; Watters, Shannon |title=2006 SQ372: A Likely Long-Period Comet from the Inner Oort Cloud |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]] |volume=695 |issue=1 |pages=268–275 |year=2009 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/695/1/268 |id= |arxiv=0901.1690 |bibcode=2009ApJ...695..268K}}</ref> The orbit of a long-period comet is properly obtained when the [[osculating orbit]] is computed at an [[Epoch (astronomy)|epoch]] after leaving the planetary region and is calculated with respect to the [[Barycentric coordinates (astronomy)|center of mass of the solar system]]. Using [[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]] with an observed orbital [[Arc (geometry)|arc]] of 235 days, the barycentric orbital elements for epoch 2020-Jan-01 generate a [[semi-major axis]] of 518 AU and a period of approximately 11,800 years.<ref name=barycenter>{{cite web
| |
| |author=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|Horizons]] output
| |
| |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=C/2010+X1
| |
| |title=Barycentric Osculating Orbital Elements for Comet C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
| |
| |accessdate=2011-06-13}} (Solution using the Solar System [[Center of mass#Barycenter in astrophysics and astronomy|Barycenter]] and [[Barycentric coordinates (astronomy)|barycentric coordinates]]. Select Ephemeris Type:Elements and Center:@0) [http://home.surewest.net/kheider/astro/Elenin-barycenter.txt (saved Horizons output file 2011-Aug-08)]</ref>
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| | |
| Before entering the planetary region (epoch 1950), Elenin had a calculated barycentric orbital period of ~5.7 million years with an apoapsis (aphelion) distance of about 63,800 AU (1.01 [[light-year]]s).<ref name=barycenter/> Elenin was probably in the outer [[Oort cloud]] with a loosely bound chaotic orbit that was easily perturbed by [[List of nearest stars#Future and past|passing stars]].
| |
| | |
| [[File:Elenin Ecc2011-03-25.gif|450px|thumb|none|Plot showing how Comet Elenin comes into the planetary region on a [[Hyperbolic trajectory|hyperbolic orbit]] and after [[Apsis|perihelion]] is [[Perturbation (astronomy)|perturbed]] into an [[Elliptic orbit|elliptical orbit]] that is bound to the Sun.]]
| |
| | |
| == References ==
| |
| {{Reflist|2}}
| |
| | |
| == External links ==
| |
| * [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=C/2010+X1;orb=1#orb Orbital simulation] from JPL ([[Two-body problem|2-body]] JAVA applet) / [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=C/2010+X1 Horizons Ephemeris]
| |
| * [http://scully.cfa.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/returnprepeph.cgi?d=c&o=CK10X010 Elements and Ephemeris for C/2010 X1 (Elenin)] – [[Minor Planet Center]]
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| * [http://spaceobs.org/en/asteroids-comets/faq/ Comet Elenin FAQ] (Leonid Elenin)
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| * [http://cometchasing.skyhound.com/comets/2010_X1.pdf Finder chart for Comet Elenin for June 2011] (near [http://www.wikisky.org/?object=48+LEO&zoom=6&img_source=DSS2 48 LEO])
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| * [http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/2010X1/2010X1.html C/2010 X1 (Elenin)] – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net (with pictures taken by different astronomers around the world)
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| * [http://webs.ono.com/jpab/images/curve_2010x1.jpg C/2010 X1 (Elenin) Analysis Light Visual Curve] / [http://webs.ono.com/jpab/images/LC_C2010X1.jpg older] ( I.V.O.C.) : [http://www.comet-observation.com/ (between May 22 and June 4 magnitude estimates varied from 13.1 to 13.8)]
| |
| * C/2010 X1 (Elenin) at [http://www.shopplaza.nl/astro/cometobs/10X1OBS.HTM Astrosite Groningen] (magnitude and coma estimates)
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| * [http://gustavomuler.fotografiaastronomica.com/www/images/cometas/C1010X1/C2010X1-110802-J47.jpg Latest image by Gustavo Muler on 02 August 2011] (comet 1.489AU from Earth)
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| * [http://www.skyandtelescope.com/community/skyblog/observingblog/112431829.html Bright Prospects for Comet Elenin?] – [[Sky and Telescope]] (Kelly Beatty, December 24, 2010)
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| * [http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/highlights/119704774.html So-So Prospects for Comet Elenin] – [[Sky and Telescope]] (Kelly Beatty, April 12, 2011)
| |
| * C/2010 X1 (Elenin) at [http://jcometobs.web.fc2.com/cmt/k10x1.htm Kazuo Kinoshita]
| |
| * {{cite web
| |
| | url = http://spaceobs.org/en/2011/03/07/vliyanie-planet-gigantov-na-orbitu-komety-c2010-x1-elenin/
| |
| | title = Influence of giant planets on the orbit of comet C/2010 X1
| |
| | first = Leonid
| |
| | last = Elenin
| |
| |date=7 March 2011
| |
| }}
| |
| * [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K11/K11C16.html MPEC 2011-C16 : OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS] (2011 Feb. 5: ''e'' = 1.0005, ''q'' = 0.4812)
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| ** [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K10/K10Y12.html MPEC 2010-Y12 : OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS] (2010 Dec. 18: Elenin had an ''assumed'' [[Orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 1.0, ''q'' = 0.4479)
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| ** [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K10/K10Y24.html MPEC 2010-Y24 : OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS] (2010 Dec. 24: ''e'' = 1.0, ''q'' = 0.4420)
| |
| ** [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K11/K11A08.html MPEC 2011-A08 : OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS] (2011 Jan. 3: ''e'' = 1.0, ''q'' = 0.4849)
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| ** [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K11/K11A38.html MPEC 2011-A38 : OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS] (2011 Jan. 10: ''e'' = 1.0018, ''q'' = 0.4761)
| |
| ** [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K11/K11A67.html MPEC 2011-A67 : OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS] (2011 Jan. 15: ''e'' = 1.0, ''q'' = 0.4824)
| |
| ** [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K11/K11B41.html MPEC 2011-B41 : OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS] (2011 Jan. 27: ''e'' = 1.0, ''q'' = 0.4826)
| |
| * [http://www.comethunter.de/ Catalogue of Comet Discoveries] – Maik Meyer
| |
| * [http://spaceobs.org/en/2011/03/01/prolet-komety-c2010-x1-elenin-cherez-glavnyj-poyas-asteroidov/ The passage of comet C/2010 X1 (Elenin) through the Main Asteroid Belt] – (SpaceObs March 1, 2011)
| |
| * [http://spaceobs.org/en/2011/03/09/soedinenie-komety-c2010-x1-s-yarkimi-galaktikami/ Conjunction of comet C/2101 X1 with bright galaxies] (SpaceObs March 9, 2011)
| |
| * GIF animation of [http://sungrazer.nrl.navy.mil/images/elenin_Aug1.gif Elenin] by STEREO-B on 2011-08-01 (constellation Orion on the left)
| |
| * [http://soho.nascom.nasa.gov/pickoftheweek/old/26aug2011/ Comet Elenin Soars Along (August 26, 2011)]
| |
| * [http://members.westnet.com.au/mmatti/sc.htm Southern Comets Homepage] – Michael Mattiazzo
| |
| * [http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/cbet/RecentCBETs.html CBET 2801 : 20110831 : COMET C/2010 X1 (ELENIN)]
| |
| *{{cite journal
| |
| | last = Sheaffer
| |
| | first = Robert
| |
| | authorlink =
| |
| | coauthors =
| |
| | title = ''Comet Elenin "Self-Destructs" - Doomsday Postponed Again!''
| |
| | journal = [[Skeptical Inquirer]]
| |
| | volume = 36
| |
| | issue = 1
| |
| | pages = 23
| |
| | publisher = [[CSICOP]]
| |
| | location =
| |
| | date = January/February 2012}}
| |
| *[http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/highlights/128708798.html Comet Elenin Self-Destructs [[Sky and Telescope]]]
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| {{Comets}}
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| | |
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Elenin, 2010x1}}
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| [[Category:Comets]]
| |
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