Mason–Stothers theorem: Difference between revisions

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In [[mathematics]], [[statistics]] and elsewhere, '''sums of squares''' occur in a number of contexts:
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;Statistics
* For partitioning of variance, see [[Partition of sums of squares]]
* For the "sum of squared deviations", see [[Least squares]]
* For the "sum of squared differences", see [[Mean squared error]]
* For the "sum of squared error", see [[Residual sum of squares]]
* For the "sum of squares due to lack of fit", see [[Lack-of-fit sum of squares]]
* For sums of squares relating to model predictions, see [[Explained sum of squares]]
* For sums of squares relating to observations, see [[Total sum of squares]]
* For sums of squared deviations, see [[Squared deviations]]
* For modelling involving sums of squares, see [[Analysis of variance]]
* For modelling involving the multivariate generalisation of sums of squares, see [[Multivariate analysis of variance]]
 
;Number theory
* For the sum of squares of consecutive integers, see [[Square pyramidal number]]
* For representing an integer as a sum of squares of 4 integers, see [[Lagrange's four-square theorem]]
* [[Descartes' theorem]] for four kissing circles involves sums of squares
* [[Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares]] says which integers are sums of two squares.
** A separate article discusses [[Proofs of Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares]]
* [[Pythagorean triple]]s are sets of three integers such that the sum of the squares of the first two equals the square of the third.
* [[Integer triangle#Pythagorean triangles with integer altitude from the hypotenuse|Pythagorean triangles with integer altitude from the hypotenuse]] have the sum of squares of inverses of the integer legs equal to the square of the inverse of the integer altitude from the hypotenuse.
* [[Pythagorean quadruple]]s are sets of four integers such that the sum of the squares of the first three equals the square of the fourth.
* The [[Basel problem]], solved by Euler in terms of <math>\pi</math>, asked for an exact expression for the sum of the squares of the reciprocals of all positive integers.
* [[Rational Trigonometry]]'s triple-quad rule and triple-spread rule contains sums of squares. (similar to Heron's formula)
;Algebra and algebraic geometry
* For representing a polynomial as the sum of squares of ''polynomials'', see [[Polynomial SOS]].
** For ''computational optimization'', see [[Sum-of-squares optimization]].
* For representing a multivariate polynomial that takes only non-negative values over the reals as a sum of squares of ''rational functions'', see [[Hilbert's seventeenth problem]].
* The [[Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity]] says the set of all sums of two squares is closed under multiplication.
 
;Euclidean geometry and other inner-product spaces
* The [[Pythagorean theorem]] says that the square on the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal in area to the sum of the squares on the legs.
* [[Heron's formula]] for the area of a triangle can be re-written as using the sums of squares of a triangle's sides (and the sums of the squares of squares)
* The [[British flag theorem]] for rectangles equates two sums of two squares
 
==See also==
 
*[[Sums of powers]]
 
{{mathdab}}

Latest revision as of 17:48, 31 March 2014

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Here is my web page: como ganhar dinheiro na internet