Hybrid Monte Carlo: Difference between revisions

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In [[optics]], '''jitter''' is used to refer to motion that has high temporal frequency relative to the integration/exposure time.  This may result from vibration in an assembly or from the unstable hand of a photographer.  Jitter is typically differentiated from [[smear (optics)|smear]], which has a lower frequency relative to the integration time.<ref name=EncyOptEng>{{Google books|rcrGlrguj1YC|Encyclopedia of optical engineering|page=2380}}</ref>  Whereas smear refers to a relatively constant rate during the integration/exposure time, jitter refers to a relatively sinusoidal motion during the integration/exposure time.


The equation for the optical [[Modulation transfer function]] associated with jitter is
:<math>MTF_{jitter}(k) =e^{-\frac {1} {2} k^2\sigma^2}</math>
where k is the spatial frequency and <math>\sigma</math> is the amplitude of the jitter.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Jerris F.|title=Modeling imager deterministic and statistical modulation transfer functions|journal=Applied Optics|date=10 November 1993|volume=32|issue=32|pages=6503|doi=10.1364/AO.32.006503|url=http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?id=40363}}</ref>  Note that this frequency is in radians of phase per cycle.  The equivalent expression in Hz is
:<math>MTF_{jitter}(u) =e^{-2 \pi^2 u^2\sigma^2}</math>
where u is the spatial frequency and <math>\sigma</math> is again the amplitude of the jitter.


For spacecraft, operation in a vacuum often means low mechanical damping. Meanwhile, spacecraft are compact and rigid, to withstand high launch loads. Jitter, then, is transmitted easily and often a limiting factor for high-resolution optics.  
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==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
 
{{photography subject}}
 
[[Category:Photography]]
[[Category:Optics]]

Latest revision as of 19:07, 22 February 2014


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