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= | [[File:South American plates.png|thumb|right|300px|{{legend|#C2E8E4|The Nazca plate, shown in light blue|border=#000 solid 1px}}<center>[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plates_tect2_en.svg Full-size image showing all plates]</center>]] | ||
The '''Nazca Plate''', named after the [[Nazca]] region of southern [[Peru]], is an oceanic [[tectonic plate]] in the eastern [[Pacific Ocean]] basin off the west coast of [[South America]]. The ongoing [[subduction]], along the [[Peru-Chile Trench]], of the Nazca Plate under the [[South American Plate]] is largely responsible for the [[Andes|Andean orogeny]]. The Nazca Plate is bounded on the west by the [[Pacific Plate]] and to the south by the [[Antarctic Plate]] through the [[East Pacific Rise]] and the [[Chile Rise]] respectively. The movement of the Nazca Plate over several [[hotspot (geology)|hotspots]] has created some [[volcanic islands]] as well as east-west running [[seamount]] chains that subduct under South America. Nazca is a relatively young plate both in terms of the age of its rocks and its existence as an independent plate{{clarify|date=April 2013}}. | |||
== | ==Boundaries== | ||
===East Pacific and Chile Rise=== | |||
{{Main|East Pacific Rise|Chile Rise}} | |||
A [[triple junction]], the [[Chile Triple Junction]],<ref>http://www.nsm.buffalo.edu/courses/gly481-581/McGuire05_2.pdf Tectonics of South America: Chile Triple Junction</ref> occurs on the seafloor of the [[Pacific Ocean]] off [[Taitao Peninsula|Taitao]] and [[Tres Montes Peninsula]] at the southern coast of [[Chile]]. Here three [[tectonics|tectonic]] plates meet: the Nazca Plate, the [[South American Plate]], and the [[Antarctic Plate]]. | |||
===Peru-Chile Trench=== | |||
{{See also|Peru-Chile Trench}} | |||
The eastern margin is a [[convergent boundary]] [[subduction zone]] under the South American Plate and the [[Andes Mountains]], forming the [[Peru-Chile Trench]]. The southern side is a [[divergent boundary]] with the Antarctic Plate, the [[Chile Rise]], where [[seafloor spreading]] permits [[magma]] to rise. The western side is a divergent boundary with the [[Pacific Plate]], forming the [[East Pacific Rise]]. The northern side is a divergent boundary with the [[Cocos Plate]], the [[Galapagos Rise]]. | |||
The subduction of the Nazca plate under southern Chile has a history of producing massive earthquakes, including the largest ever recorded on earth, the [[moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] 9.5 [[1960 Valdivia earthquake]]. | |||
===Western margin=== | |||
{{Expand section|date=April 2013}} | |||
==Intraplate features== | |||
===Hotspots=== | |||
{{Main|Easter hotspot|Juan Fernández hotspot|Galápagos hotspot|San Felix hotspot}} | |||
{{Expand section|date=December 2009}} | |||
A second triple junction occurs at the northwest corner of the plate where the Nazca, Cocos, and Pacific Plates all join off the coast of [[Colombia]]. Yet another triple junction occurs at the southwest corner at the intersection of the Nazca, Pacific, and Antarctic Plates off the coast of southern [[Chile]]. At each of these triple junctions an ''[[:wikt:anomaly|anomalous]]'' microplate exists, the [[Galapagos Microplate]] at the northern junction and the [[Juan Fernandez Plate|Juan Fernandez Microplate]] at the southern junction. The [[Easter Plate|Easter Island Microplate]] is a third microplate that is located just north of the Juan Fernandez Microplate and lies just west of [[Easter Island]]. | |||
===Aseismic ridges=== | |||
{{Main|Nazca Ridge|Juan Fernández Ridge|Carnegie Ridge|}} | |||
The '''Carnegie Ridge''' is a 1,350-km-long and up to 300-km-wide feature on the ocean floor of the northern Nazca Plate that includes the [[Galápagos Islands|Galápagos archipelago]] at its western end. It is being subducted under South America with the rest of the Nazca Plate. | |||
===Fracture zones=== | |||
{{Empty section|date=March 2010}} | |||
[[Darwin Gap]] is the area between the Nazca Plate and the coast of Chile, where [[Charles Darwin]] experienced the [[1835 Concepción earthquake|earthquake of 1835]]. It is expected that this area will be the epicenter of a major quake in the near future.<ref >Darwin Gap quake will shake Chile again [http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20048-darwin-gap-quake-will-shake-chile-again.html], New Scientist, 30 Jan 2011, accessed 8 Feb 2011.</ref> | |||
==Plate motion== | |||
The absolute motion of the Nazca Plate has been calibrated at 3.7 cm/yr east motion (88°), one of the fastest absolute motions of any tectonic plate. The subducting Nazca Plate, which exhibits unusual [[flat-slab subduction]], is tearing as well as deforming as it is subducted (Barzangi and Isacks). The subduction has formed, and continues to form, the [[volcano|volcanic]] [[Andes]] Mountain Range. Deformation of the Nazca Plate even affects the geography of [[Bolivia]], far to the east (Tinker et al.). It was on the Nazca Plate that the [[1994 Bolivia earthquake]] occurred; this had a magnitude of 8.2 <math>M_w</math> and was the strongest earthquake occurring deeper than 300 km. | |||
Luckily, besides the [[Juan Fernández Islands]], this area has very few islands to suffer the earthquakes that are a result of complicated movements at these junctions. | |||
==Geologic history== | |||
{{See also|Farallon Plate}} | |||
The precursor of both the Nazca Plate and the [[Cocos Plate]] (to its north) was the [[Farallon Plate]], which split in late [[Oligocene]] times, about 22.8 [[mya (unit)|Mya]], a date arrived at by interpreting [[Geomagnetism|magnetic anomalies]]. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[1835 Concepción earthquake]] | |||
*[[2010 Chile Earthquake]] | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
;Bibliography | |||
*[http://www.extremescience.com/PlateTectonicsmap.htm Extreme Science site: "A Lesson in Plate tetonics"] The basics explained. | |||
*[http://www.earth.columbia.edu/news/2002/story12-05-02.html Galapagos rise junction (map)] | |||
*[http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/s-epr.html Juan Fernandez and Easter microplate (map)] | |||
*Muawia Barazangi and Bryan L. Isacks, "Spatial distribution of earthquakes and subduction of the Nazca plate beneath South America" in ''Geology'' Vol. 4, No. 11, pp. 686–692. [http://www.gsajournals.org/gsaonline/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1130%2F0091-7613(1976)4%3C686:SDOEAS%3E2.0.CO%3B2 Abstract] | |||
*Mark Andrew Tinker, Terry C. Wallace, Susan L. Beck, Stephen Myers, and Andrew Papanikolas, "Geometry and state of stress of the Nazca plate beneath Bolivia and its implication for the evolution of the Bolivian orocline" in ''Geology'' '''24'''(5), pp. 387–390 [http://www.gsajournals.org/gsaonline/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1130%2F0091-7613(1996)024%3C0387:GASOSO%3E2.3.CO%3B2 Abstract] | |||
*Cahill, T. and B. Isacks (1992). "Seismicity and shape of the subducted Nazca plate." ''Journal Geophysical Research'' '''97''' (12) | |||
*James, D. (1978). "Subduction of the Nazca plate beneath Central Peru." ''Geology'' '''6''' (3) pp 174 – 178 | |||
*[http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/170_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/SR170_07.PDF Martin Meschede and Udo Barckhausen, "Plate tectonic evolution of the Cocos-Nazca spreading center"] (pdf file) | |||
{{Tectonic plates}} | |||
{{Central America plates}} | |||
{{coord|14|49|44|S|74|56|37|W|region:PE_type:city(23000)_source:kolossus-ptwiki|display=title}} | |||
[[Category:Tectonic plates]] | |||
[[Category:Geology of Chile]] | |||
[[Category:Natural history of South America]] | |||
[[Category:Geology of the Pacific Ocean]] | |||
Revision as of 22:34, 16 December 2013
The Nazca Plate, named after the Nazca region of southern Peru, is an oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin off the west coast of South America. The ongoing subduction, along the Peru-Chile Trench, of the Nazca Plate under the South American Plate is largely responsible for the Andean orogeny. The Nazca Plate is bounded on the west by the Pacific Plate and to the south by the Antarctic Plate through the East Pacific Rise and the Chile Rise respectively. The movement of the Nazca Plate over several hotspots has created some volcanic islands as well as east-west running seamount chains that subduct under South America. Nazca is a relatively young plate both in terms of the age of its rocks and its existence as an independent plateTemplate:Clarify.
Boundaries
East Pacific and Chile Rise
Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church. A triple junction, the Chile Triple Junction,[1] occurs on the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean off Taitao and Tres Montes Peninsula at the southern coast of Chile. Here three tectonic plates meet: the Nazca Plate, the South American Plate, and the Antarctic Plate.
Peru-Chile Trench
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The eastern margin is a convergent boundary subduction zone under the South American Plate and the Andes Mountains, forming the Peru-Chile Trench. The southern side is a divergent boundary with the Antarctic Plate, the Chile Rise, where seafloor spreading permits magma to rise. The western side is a divergent boundary with the Pacific Plate, forming the East Pacific Rise. The northern side is a divergent boundary with the Cocos Plate, the Galapagos Rise.
The subduction of the Nazca plate under southern Chile has a history of producing massive earthquakes, including the largest ever recorded on earth, the moment magnitude 9.5 1960 Valdivia earthquake.
Western margin
Intraplate features
Hotspots
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A second triple junction occurs at the northwest corner of the plate where the Nazca, Cocos, and Pacific Plates all join off the coast of Colombia. Yet another triple junction occurs at the southwest corner at the intersection of the Nazca, Pacific, and Antarctic Plates off the coast of southern Chile. At each of these triple junctions an anomalous microplate exists, the Galapagos Microplate at the northern junction and the Juan Fernandez Microplate at the southern junction. The Easter Island Microplate is a third microplate that is located just north of the Juan Fernandez Microplate and lies just west of Easter Island.
Aseismic ridges
Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church.
The Carnegie Ridge is a 1,350-km-long and up to 300-km-wide feature on the ocean floor of the northern Nazca Plate that includes the Galápagos archipelago at its western end. It is being subducted under South America with the rest of the Nazca Plate.
Fracture zones
Template:Empty section Darwin Gap is the area between the Nazca Plate and the coast of Chile, where Charles Darwin experienced the earthquake of 1835. It is expected that this area will be the epicenter of a major quake in the near future.[2]
Plate motion
The absolute motion of the Nazca Plate has been calibrated at 3.7 cm/yr east motion (88°), one of the fastest absolute motions of any tectonic plate. The subducting Nazca Plate, which exhibits unusual flat-slab subduction, is tearing as well as deforming as it is subducted (Barzangi and Isacks). The subduction has formed, and continues to form, the volcanic Andes Mountain Range. Deformation of the Nazca Plate even affects the geography of Bolivia, far to the east (Tinker et al.). It was on the Nazca Plate that the 1994 Bolivia earthquake occurred; this had a magnitude of 8.2 and was the strongest earthquake occurring deeper than 300 km.
Luckily, besides the Juan Fernández Islands, this area has very few islands to suffer the earthquakes that are a result of complicated movements at these junctions.
Geologic history
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We will not only get you a property at a rock-backside price but also in an space that you've got longed for. You simply must chill out back after giving us the accountability. We will assure you 100% satisfaction. Since we now have been working in the Singapore actual property market for a very long time, we know the place you may get the best property at the right price. You will also be extremely benefited by choosing us, as we may even let you know about the precise time to invest in the Singapore actual property market.
The Hexacube is offering new ec launch singapore business property for sale Singapore investors want to contemplate. Residents of the realm will likely appreciate that they'll customize the business area that they wish to purchase as properly. This venture represents one of the crucial expansive buildings offered in Singapore up to now. Many investors will possible want to try how they will customise the property that they do determine to buy by means of here. This location has offered folks the prospect that they should understand extra about how this course of can work as well.
Singapore has been beckoning to traders ever since the value of properties in Singapore started sky rocketing just a few years again. Many businesses have their places of work in Singapore and prefer to own their own workplace area within the country once they decide to have a everlasting office. Rentals in Singapore in the corporate sector can make sense for some time until a business has discovered a agency footing. Finding Commercial Property Singapore takes a variety of time and effort but might be very rewarding in the long term.
is changing into a rising pattern among Singaporeans as the standard of living is increasing over time and more Singaporeans have abundance of capital to invest on properties. Investing in the personal properties in Singapore I would like to applaud you for arising with such a book which covers the secrets and techniques and tips of among the profitable Singapore property buyers. I believe many novice investors will profit quite a bit from studying and making use of some of the tips shared by the gurus." – Woo Chee Hoe Special bonus for consumers of Secrets of Singapore Property Gurus Actually, I can't consider one other resource on the market that teaches you all the points above about Singapore property at such a low value. Can you? Condominium For Sale (D09) – Yong An Park For Lease
In 12 months 2013, c ommercial retails, shoebox residences and mass market properties continued to be the celebrities of the property market. Models are snapped up in report time and at document breaking prices. Builders are having fun with overwhelming demand and patrons need more. We feel that these segments of the property market are booming is a repercussion of the property cooling measures no.6 and no. 7. With additional buyer's stamp responsibility imposed on residential properties, buyers change their focus to commercial and industrial properties. I imagine every property purchasers need their property funding to understand in value.
The precursor of both the Nazca Plate and the Cocos Plate (to its north) was the Farallon Plate, which split in late Oligocene times, about 22.8 Mya, a date arrived at by interpreting magnetic anomalies.
See also
References
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- Bibliography
- Extreme Science site: "A Lesson in Plate tetonics" The basics explained.
- Galapagos rise junction (map)
- Juan Fernandez and Easter microplate (map)
- Muawia Barazangi and Bryan L. Isacks, "Spatial distribution of earthquakes and subduction of the Nazca plate beneath South America" in Geology Vol. 4, No. 11, pp. 686–692. Abstract
- Mark Andrew Tinker, Terry C. Wallace, Susan L. Beck, Stephen Myers, and Andrew Papanikolas, "Geometry and state of stress of the Nazca plate beneath Bolivia and its implication for the evolution of the Bolivian orocline" in Geology 24(5), pp. 387–390 Abstract
- Cahill, T. and B. Isacks (1992). "Seismicity and shape of the subducted Nazca plate." Journal Geophysical Research 97 (12)
- James, D. (1978). "Subduction of the Nazca plate beneath Central Peru." Geology 6 (3) pp 174 – 178
- Martin Meschede and Udo Barckhausen, "Plate tectonic evolution of the Cocos-Nazca spreading center" (pdf file)
Template:Tectonic plates Template:Central America plates
- ↑ http://www.nsm.buffalo.edu/courses/gly481-581/McGuire05_2.pdf Tectonics of South America: Chile Triple Junction
- ↑ Darwin Gap quake will shake Chile again [1], New Scientist, 30 Jan 2011, accessed 8 Feb 2011.