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The Lachter (also Berglachter) was a common unit of length used in the mining industry in Europe, usually to measure depth, tunnel driving and the size of mining fields; it was also used for contract work. In most German-speaking mining fields it was the most important unit of length.

A Lachter was roughly equal to the amount which a man could contain within his outstretched arms. It was thus similar to the Klafter (ca. Template:Convert), but was usually rather larger.

The Lachter was - with regional differences - subdivided into Achtel (also called a Spann, Gräpel or Gröbel), (Lachter)Zoll, Primen (or Prinen) and Sekunden:

  • 1 Lachter = 8 Spann = 80 (Lachter)Zoll = 800 Primen = 8,000 Sekunden

In the 19th century a decimal system of subdivision was established:

  • 1 Lachter = 10 Lachterfuß = 100 Lachterzoll = 1,000 Lachterlinien

Like other units of measure, the Lachter varied in length depending on the region, but there could also be differences in length within the same region. In addition there could also be differences between various mining fields within a territory. The specification and use of conversion tables only makes sense if it is known for certain, where and at which times the values were valid. Some examples:

Some kinds of Lachter
Region Length of 1 Lachter
in m (ft)
Remarks
Altenberg (Ore Mountains) Template:Convert
Anhalt-Köthen Template:Convert Harzgerode Lachter
Annaberg Template:Convert
Baden (to 1827)[1] Template:Convert = 7.5 old Baden feet (Fuß)
Baden (from 1827)[1] Template:Convert = 10 new Baden feet
Bavaria Template:Convert
Bayreuth Template:Convert equal to 80 Bayreuth inches (Zoll)
Berchtesgaden Template:Convert equalt to 6 feet
Bohemia Template:Convert equal to 4 ells (Ellen)
Brunswick Template:Convert
Clausthal Template:Convert
Eisleben Template:Convert
Freiberg Template:Convert Old Freiberg Lachter
Hanover Template:Convert
Idrija (Carniola) Template:Convert 6 Idrian feet
Joachimsthal (today: Jáchymov) Template:Convert
Johanngeorgenstadt Template:Convert
Kronach Template:Convert equal to 7 Nuremberg feet[2]
Lippe-Detmold Template:Convert
Marienberg Template:Convert
Nassau Template:Convert
Austria Template:Convert 1 Berglachter = 6 shoes (Schuh)
Prussia Template:Convert 80 Prussian inches (Zoll)
Saxony Template:Convert
Template:Convert
until 1830: 7 Dresden or Saxon feet
from 1830: defined to be exactly Template:Convert.
Schemnitz (today: Banská Štiavnica) Template:Convert
Silesia Template:Convert
Tyrol (1769-1809 and after 1815)[3] Template:Convert = Viennese Klafter
Tyrol: Innsbruck (before 1769)[4] Template:Convert = 6 Tyrolean feet = 72 Tyrolean inches
Tyrol: Kitzbühl (1747)[5] Template:Convert = 64 Tyrolean inches
Tyrol: Schwaz[5] Template:Convert = 63 Tyrolean inches
Württemberg Template:Convert = 7 Württemberg feet

A Lachterschnur was an oiled, 10–12 Lachter long cord, used as a measuring device.

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Metz, Rudolf: Mineralogisch-Landeskundliche Wanderungen im Nordschwarzwald. 2nd ed., Lahr 1977, p. 597.
  2. Nürnberg. In: Heinrich August Pierer, Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal-Lexikon der Gegenwart und Vergangenheit. 4th ed. Vol. 12, Altenburg, 1861, p. 159–161 (Online at zeno.org, accessed on 22 March 2010). Quote: "town foot of 12 inches of 12 Linien = Template:Convert"
  3. Rottleuthner, Wilhelm: Die alten Localmasse und Gewichte nebst den Aichungsvorschriften bis zur Einführung des metrischen Mass- und Gewichtssystems und der Staatsaichämter in Tirol und Vorarlberg. Universitätsverlag Wagner: Innsbruck, 1883, p. 14-22.
  4. Rottleuthner, Wilhelm: Die alten Localmasse und Gewichte nebst den Aichungsvorschriften bis zur Einführung des metrischen Mass- und Gewichtssystems und der Staatsaichämter in Tirol und Vorarlberg. Universitätsverlag Wagner: Innsbruck, 1883, p. 16 & 130.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Rottleuthner, Wilhelm: Die alten Localmasse und Gewichte nebst den Aichungsvorschriften bis zur Einführung des metrischen Mass- und Gewichtssystems und der Staatsaichämter in Tirol und Vorarlberg. Universitätsverlag Wagner: Innsbruck, 1883, p. 32.

Sources

Template:Systems of measurement