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In [[physics]], a '''perfect gas''' is a theoretical gas that differs from real gases in a way that makes certain calculations easier to handle. Its behavior is more simplified compared to an [[ideal gas]] (also a theoretical gas). In particular, intermolecular forces are neglected, which means that one can use the ideal gas law without restriction and neglect many complications that may arise from the [[Van der Waals force]]s.
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== Perfect gas nomenclature ==
The terms ''perfect gas'' and ''ideal gas'' are sometimes used interchangeably, depending on the particular field of physics and engineering.<ref name="young-td">J.B. Young, [http://www-diva.eng.cam.ac.uk/lecture-notes/part-iia-lecture-notes/3a5-thermodynamics/3a5-thermo-l6-10.pdf/at_download/file Thermodynamics, Engineering lecture]. Cambridge University.</ref> Sometimes, other distinctions are made, such as between ''thermally perfect gas'' and ''calorically perfect gas'', or between imperfect, semi-perfect, perfect, and ideal gases. The assumptions are summarized in the following table.
 
{| class='wikitable'
|-
! Nomenclature 1<br>&nbsp;|| Nomenclature 2 <br>&nbsp;|| Specific heat at constant ''V''<br> <math>C_V</math>
! Ideal-gas law<br> <math>pV=nRT</math> and <math>C_p-C_V=R</math>
|-
| Calorically perfect || Perfect || {{Yes|Constant}} || {{Yes}}
|-
| Thermally perfect || Semi-perfect || {{Partial|''T''-dependent}} || {{Yes}}
|-
| || Ideal  || {{No|May be ''T'' and/or ''p''-dependent}} || {{Yes}}
|-
| || Imperfect  || {{No|''T'' and ''p''-dependent}} || {{No}}
|}
 
=== Thermally and calorically perfect gas ===
Along with the definition of a perfect gas, there are also two more simplifications that can be made although various textbooks either omit or combine the following simplifications into a general "perfect gas" definition.  
 
A '''thermally perfect gas'''
* is in [[thermodynamic equilibrium]]
* is not chemically reacting
* has [[internal energy]] ''e'', [[enthalpy]] ''h'', and [[specific heat]] ''C<sub>V</sub>'' that are functions of temperature ''only'' and not of pressure, i.e., <math>e = e(T)</math>, <math>h = h(T)</math>, <math>de = C_vdT</math>, <math>dh = C_pdT</math>.
 
This type of approximation is useful for modeling, for example, an [[axial compressor]] where temperature fluctuations are usually not large enough to cause any significant deviations from the ''thermally perfect'' gas model. Heat capacity is still allowed to vary, though only with temperature, and molecules are not permitted to dissociate. The latter implies temperature limited to 1500 K.<ref>{{cite book|author=John, James |title= Gas Dynamics|year=1984|page=256|publisher=Allyn and Bacon|isbn=0-205-08014-6}}</ref>
 
Even more restricted is the '''calorically perfect gas''' for which, in addition, the specific heat is assumed to be constant:  <math>e = C_vT</math> and <math>h = C_pT</math>.
 
Although this may be the most restrictive model from a temperature perspective, it is accurate enough to make reasonable predictions within the limits specified. A comparison of calculations for one compression stage of an [[axial compressor]] (one with variable ''C<sub>p</sub>'', and one with constant ''C<sub>p</sub>'') produces a deviation small enough to support this approach. As it turns out, other factors come into play and dominate during this compression cycle. These other effects would have a greater impact on the final calculated result than whether or not ''C<sub>p</sub>'' was held constant. (examples of these real gas effects include compressor tip-clearance, separation, and boundary layer/frictional losses, etc.)
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== See also ==
* [[Gas]]
* [[Gas laws]]
* [[Ideal gas]]
* [[Ideal gas law]]
* [[Equation of state]]
 
[[Category:Gases]]

Revision as of 02:21, 7 February 2014

My favorite is watching diet infomercials talk regarding how good their pill or diet plan is however, then have a long disclaimer that claims it functions if combined with a right diet plus standard exercise. Ummmm...okay...sounds like normal sense to me, doesn't it?

We all want fad diet plans quick plus are efficient, otherwise, what's the point. If you will invest any time at all on a diet like this, you'll experience hunger, emotional deprivation and an anxiousness for results. The truth is, you are able to lose temporary weight on fad diets which work quickly, however, the results commonly won't last.

The last significant item to consider before choosing the preferred plan of action is to decide in the event you are doing this as a permanent change in lifestyle or in the event you are just lookin to lose the fat and get back to your traditional eating pattern again. There are virtually hundreds (if not thousands) of really powerful diet plans that will work for a short term goals. Please be aware of the fact that a few of these plans could have several serious wellness associated repercussions. Additionally, these brief term plans all appear to have the "rebound effect." When we stop following their program, the fat typically returns with a few extra pounds.

In the immune system, essential fatty acids safeguard DNA from damage. Although it's not a cure for cancer, necessary fatty acids benefit persons plus animals with cancer. Fats supply health help for cardiovascular and immune systems.

Popular fad diets by definition are usually several sort of deprivation to your body. Usually calories, the average amount per day on most of the diets is anywhere from 800 to 1600 calories. As you undertake the diet plus the body has less food to process, it takes the opportunity to get rid of excess toxins inside your system. This takes lots of water that is why many of the fat loss found on the diet may be water fat. As soon as we go back to the standard eating practices, the body may replace the water it lost and we will gain the fat back.

Many assume getting to eat all the meat they need is the number one piece of the low carb diet. While this might be partly true-meat is, in the end, carb free (for the many part)-it is furthermore true which you can't eat really any aged cut of meat. Meat, whether or not it doesn't have carbs, does have fat plus additional ingredients that aren't healthy. You ought to be utilizing lean cuts of meat whenever preparing a meals plus snacks. We've already revealed that a right meat options are beef, chicken, plus seafood, however, make certain you may be getting lean cuts of these meats. You might be healthier whenever you limit the fat inside your meat dish.

However regardless of what pancreatitis diet must you follow, make certain that you will not take it in full meal. An excellent pancreatitis diet need to be taken a small at a time. This helps the digestion procedure flow smoother plus lower function for the pancreas as well.

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