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| '''Quantum cloning''' is the process that takes an arbitrary, unknown [[quantum state]] and makes an exact copy without altering the original state in any way. In [[Dirac notation]], the process of quantum cloning is described by:
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| :<math>U |\psi\rangle_A |e\rangle_B = |\psi\rangle_A |\psi\rangle_B</math>,
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| where <math>U</math> is the actual cloning operation, <math>|\psi\rangle_A</math> is the state to be cloned, and <math>|e\rangle_B</math> is the initial state of the copy.
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| Quantum cloning is forbidden by the laws of [[quantum mechanics]] as shown by the [[no cloning theorem]], which states that there is no <math>U</math> that can perform the cloning operation for any arbitrary state <math>|\psi\rangle_A</math>. Though perfect quantum cloning is not possible, it is possible to perform imperfect cloning, where the copies have a non-unit [[Fidelity of quantum states|fidelity]] with the state being cloned.
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| The quantum cloning operation is the best way to make copies of quantum information therefore cloning is an important task in [[Quantum information science|quantum information processing]], especially in the context of [[quantum cryptography]]. Researchers are seeking ways to build quantum cloning machines, which work at the so-called [[quantum limit]]. The first cloning machine relied on [[stimulated emission]] to copy quantum information encoded into single photons. Teleportation, [[nuclear magnetic resonance]], quantum amplification and superior phase conjugation have been some other methods utilized to realize a quantum cloning machine.
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| ==References==
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| * V. Buzek and M. Hillery, ''[http://xstructure.inr.ac.ru/x-bin/theme3.py?level=1&index1=373537 Quantum cloning]'', Physics World 14 (11) (2001), pp. 25–29.
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| * Antía Lamas-Linares, Christoph Simon, John C. Howell, Dik Bouwmeester, ''[http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0205149 Experimental Quantum Cloning of Single Photons]'', [[Science]] '''296''' 5568 (2002)
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| * Zhao Zhi, Zhang An-Ning, Zhou Xiao-Qi, Chen Yu-Ao, Lu Chao-Yang, Karlsson Anders, Pan Jian-Wei, ''[http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0412017 Experimental Realization of Optimal Asymmetric Cloning and Telecloning via Partial Teleportation]'', [[Phys. Rev. Lett]] '''95''' 030502 (2005)
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| * Cummins Holly K., Jones Claire, Furze Alistair, Soffe Nicholas F., Mosca Michele, Peach Josephine M., Jones Jonathan A., ''[http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/011198 Approximate Quantum Cloning with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance]'', [[Phys. Rev. Lett]] '''88''' 187901 (2002)
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| * [[Samuel L. Braunstein]], Nicolas J. Cerf, Sofyan Iblisdir, Peter van Loock, and Serge Massar ''[http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0012046 Optimal Cloning of Coherent States with a Linear Amplifier and Beam Splitters]'', [[Phys. Rev. Lett]] '''86''' 4938 (2001)
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| * Metin Sabuncu, Ulrik L. Andersen, and Gerd Leuchs ''[http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0612197 Experimental Demonstration of Continuous Variable Cloning with Phase-Conjugate Inputs]'', [[Phys. Rev. Lett]] '''98''' 170503 (2007)
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| ==See also==
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| * [[No-cloning theorem]]
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| * [[No-broadcast theorem]]
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| * [[Quantum no-deleting theorem]]
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| [[Category:Quantum mechanics]]
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| [[Category:Quantum information science]]
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| {{quantum-stub}}
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Hi there, I am Andrew Berryhill. Some time in the past he selected to reside in North Carolina and he doesn't plan on altering it. Doing ballet is something she would never give up. My day job is an invoicing officer but I've currently applied for another 1.
My website :: phone psychic readings