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| {{Redirect|Thirteen||13 (disambiguation)}}
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| {{multiple issues|
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| {{Example farm|date = March 2010}}
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| {{Refimprove|date = December 2008}}
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| {{Use mdy dates|date = February 2012}}
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| {{Infobox number
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| |number = 13
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| |numeral = [[Base 13|tredecimal]]
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| |factorization = [[Prime number|prime]]
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| |prime = 6th
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| |divisor = 1, 13
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| }}
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| '''13''' ('''thirteen''' {{IPAc-en|θ|ɜr|'|t|i:|n}}) is the [[natural number]] after [[12 (number)|12]] and before [[14 (number)|14]].
| | Patsy Harpole is her name and she believes it seems very good. What I love executing is badminton and I'll be beginning some thing else alongside with it. My task is an office clerk and it's something I genuinely delight in. Massachusetts has generally been his household. I'm not very good at webdesign but you might want to check out my web page: http://[http://reports.elvissightingbulletinboard.com reports.elvissightingbulletinboard.com] |
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| In speech, the numbers 13 and 30 are often confused. When carefully enunciated, they differ in which syllable is [[stress (linguistics)|stressed]]: 13 {{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-thirteen.ogg|θ|ər|ˈ|t|iː|n}} vs. 30 {{IPAc-en|ˈ|θ|ɜr|t|i}}. However, in dates such as 1300 ("thirteen hundred") or when contrasting numbers in the teens, such as ''13, 14, 15,'' the stress shifts to the first syllable: 13 {{IPAc-en|ˈ|θ|ɜr|t|iː|n}}.
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| Strikingly similar folkloric aspects of the number 13 have been noted in various cultures around the world: one theory is that this is due to the cultures employing lunar-solar calendars (there are approximately 12.41 lunations per solar year, and hence 12 "true months" plus a smaller, and often portentous, thirteenth month). This can be witnessed, for example, in the "[[Twelve Days of Christmas]]" of Western European tradition.<ref>Frazier, King of the Bean, and the Festival of Fools. Cited in Thompson, Tok. 2002. [http://sms.zrc-sazu.si/En/SMS5/Thompson5.html The thirteenth number: Then, there/ here and now.] 'Studia Mythological Slavica'' '''5''', 145–159.</ref>
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| ==In mathematics==
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| The number 13 is the sixth [[prime number]], and the smallest [[emirp]] (a prime that is a different prime when reversed).<ref name="Wells">Wells, D. ''[[The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers]]'', London: Penguin Group. (1987): 67–71.</ref> It is also a [[Fibonacci number]], a [[happy number]], the third [[centered square number]], and one of only 3 known [[Wilson prime]]s.
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| Since 5<sup>2</sup> + 12<sup>2</sup> = 13<sup>2</sup>, (5, 12, 13) forms a [[Pythagorean triple]].
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| There are 13 [[Archimedean solid]]s, and a [[standard torus]] can be sliced into 13 pieces with just 3 plane cuts.<ref name="Wells" /> There are also 13 different ways for the three fastest horses in a [[horse race]] to finish, allowing for ties, a fact that can be expressed mathematically by 13 being the third [[ordered Bell number]].<ref>{{citation|title=Those Fascinating Numbers|first=J. M.|last=de Koninck|publisher=American Mathematical Society|year=2009|isbn=9780821886311|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qYuC1WsDKq8C&pg=PA4|page=4}}.</ref>
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| ===List of basic calculations===
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; background: white"
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| |-
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| ! style="width:105px;"|[[Multiplication]]
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| !1
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| !2
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| !3
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| !4
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| !5
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| !6
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| !7
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| !8
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| !9
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| !10
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| ! style="width:5px;"|
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| !11
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| !12
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| !13
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| !14
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| !15
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| !16
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| !17
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| !18
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| !19
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| !20
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| ! style="width:5px;"|
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| !21
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| !22
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| !23
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| !24
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| !25
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| ! style="width:5px;"|
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| !50
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| !100
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| !1000
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| |-
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| |<math>13 \times x</math>
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| |'''13'''
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| |[[26 (number)|26]]
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| |[[39 (number)|39]]
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| |[[52 (number)|52]]
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| |[[65 (number)|65]]
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| |[[78 (number)|78]]
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| |[[91 (number)|91]]
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| |[[104 (number)|104]]
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| |[[117 (number)|117]]
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| |[[130 (number)|130]]
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| !
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| |[[143 (number)|143]]
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| |[[156 (number)|156]]
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| |[[169 (number)|169]]
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| |[[182 (number)|182]]
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| |[[195 (number)|195]]
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| |[[208 (number)|208]]
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| |[[221 (number)|221]]
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| |[[234 (number)|234]]
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| |[[247 (number)|247]]
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| |[[260 (number)|260]]
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| !
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| |[[273 (number)|273]]
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| |[[286 (number)|286]]
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| |[[299 (number)|299]]
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| |[[312 (number)|312]]
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| |[[325 (number)|325]]
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| !
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| |[[650 (number)|650]]
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| |[[1300 (number)|1300]]
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| |[[13000 (number)|13000]]
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| |}
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| {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; background: white"
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| |-
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| ! style="width:105px;"|[[Exponentiation]]
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| !1
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| !2
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| !3
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| !4
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| !5
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| !6
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| !7
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| !8
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| !9
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| !10
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| ! style="width:5px;"|
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| !11
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| !12
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| !13
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| |-
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| |<math>13 ^ x\,</math>
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| |'''13'''
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| |169
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| |2197
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| |28561
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| |371293
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| |4826809
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| |62748517
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| |815730721
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| |10604499373
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| |137858491849
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| !
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| |1792160394037
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| |23298085122481
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| |302875106592253
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| |-
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| |<math>x ^ {13}\,</math>
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| |1
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| |8192
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| |1594323
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| |67108864
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| |1220703125
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| |13060694016
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| |96889010407
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| |549755813888
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| |2541865828329
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| |10000000000000
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| !
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| |34522712143931
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| |106993205379072
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| |302875106592253
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| |}
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| ==In languages==
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| ===Grammar===
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| * In all [[Germanic languages]] (such as English and German), 13 is the first compound number (in German ''dreizehn''); the numbers 11 and 12 have their own names (in German ''elf'' and ''zwölf'').
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| * The [[Romance languages]] use different systems: In Italian, 11 is the first compound number (''ùndici''), while in Spanish and Portuguese, the numbers up to and including 15 (Spanish ''quince'', Portuguese ''quinze''), in French up to and including 16 (''seize'') and in Romanian up to and including 19 have their own names.
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| * Like in Italian, in many other languages, 11 is the first compound number, e.g. in Arabic, Chinese, Hungarian, Japanese, Swahili.
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| * Like in Romanian, in Lithuanian and most [[Slavic languages]], excluding Russian and Polish, the numbers from 11-19 have their own names.
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| * In Hindi-Urdu, nearly every number from 1–99 is irregular and must be memorized as a separate numeral.
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| ===Spelling===
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| In Germany, according to an old rule, 13 as the first compound number was the first number written in digits; the numbers 0 through 12 were spelled out. The ''Duden'' (the German standard dictionary) now calls this rule outdated and no longer valid, but many writers still follow it.
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| For the English language, different systems are used: Sometimes it is recommended to spell out numbers up to and including ''nine'' or ''ten'' or ''twelve'', like formerly in German, or even ''ninety-nine'' or ''one hundred''. Another system spells out all numbers written in one or two words (''sixteen'', ''twenty-seven'', ''fifteen thousand'', but ''372'' or ''15,001'' ).
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| ==In religion==
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| ===Roman Catholicism===
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| The apparitions of the [[Virgin of Fátima]] in 1917 were claimed to occur on the 13th day of six consecutive months.<ref>Rosemary Guiley, ''The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits'', 1994, p. 215, ISBN 0-85112-748-7.</ref>
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| In Catholic devotional practice, the number thirteen is also associated with Saint [[Anthony of Padua]], since his feast day falls on June 13. A traditional devotion called the Thirteen Tuesdays of St. Anthony<ref>[http://www.shrineofstanthony.org/novena-to-st-anthony.htm http://www.shrineofstanthony.org]</ref> involves praying for the saint every Tuesday over a period of thirteen weeks. Another devotion, St. Anthony's Chaplet, consists of thirteen decades of three beads each.<ref>[http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/liturgicalyear/prayers/view.cfm?id=1236 http://www.catholicculture.org/culture]</ref>
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| ===Sikhism===
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| According to famous [[Sakhi]] (Evidence) or story of [[Guru Nanak Dev Ji]], when he was an accountant at a town of [[Sultanpur Lodhi]], he was distributing grocery to people and when he gave groceries to the 13th person he stopped there because in [[Gurmukhi]] and Hindi the word 13 is called Terah, which means yours. And Guru Nanak Dev Ji kept on saying, "Yours, yours, yours..." remembering God. People reported to the emperor that Guru Nanak Dev Ji was giving out free food to the people. When treasures were checked, there was more money than before.
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| The [[Vaisakhi]], which commemorates the creation of "[[Khalsa]]" or pure Sikh was celebrated on April 13 for many years.
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| ===Judaism===
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| * In Judaism, 13 signifies the age at which a boy matures and becomes a [[Bar and Bat Mitzvah|Bar Mitzvah]], ''i.e.'', a full member of the Jewish faith (counts as a member of Minyan).
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| * The number of [[Jewish principles of faith|principles of Jewish faith]] according to [[Maimonides]].
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| * According to [[Rabbinic Judaism|Rabbinic]] commentary on the [[Torah]], God has 13 Attributes of Mercy.
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| * The number of circles, or "nodes", that make up [[Metatron's Cube]] in [[Kaballah|Kaballistic]] teachings.
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| ===Zoroastrianism===
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| The number 13 had been considered sinister and wicked in ancient Iranian civilization and [[Zoroastrianism]]. Since beginning of the Nourooz tradition, the 13th day of each new Iranian year is called [[Sizdah Be-dar]], and this tradition is still alive among Iranian people both within modern Iran and abroad. Since [[Sizdah Be-dar]] is the 13th day of the year, it is considered a day when evil's power might cause difficulties for people. Therefore people leave urban areas for one day and camp in the countryside. Even in the current post-[[1979 Revolution]] era, and despite the wishes of Islamic government, this tradition continues to be practiced by the majority of the population throughout Iran.
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| ===Islam===
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| In [[Shia Islam]] 13 signifies the 13th day of the month of [[Rajab]] (Lunar calendar), which is the birth of Imam [[Ali]]. 13 also is a total of 1 Prophet and 12 Imams in the Shia school of thought.
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| ===Other===
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| * {{citation needed span|text=In Mesoamerican divination, 13 is the number of important cycles of fortune/misfortune (see [[Trecena]]).|date=March 2013}}
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| * {{citation needed span|text=Traditionally, there are 13 [[witches]] in a [[coven]].|date=October 2010}}
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| * {{citation needed span|text=In a pentagram with a circle ratio of 13, each arm of the star equals 12.36, the number of lunar months, days and hours in a solar year. Add the arms together and you get the number of full moons in five years.|date=March 2013}}
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| == Lucky and unlucky ==
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| ===Unlucky 13===
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| {{Main|Triskaidekaphobia}}
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| The number 13 is considered an unlucky number in some countries.<ref name="about1">http://urbanlegends.about.com/cs/historical/a/friday_the_13th.htm</ref> [[Charles Stewart Parnell]] had an irrational fear of the number thirteen.<ref>Parnell, John Howard Charles Stewart Parnell: A Memoir New York Henry Holt and Company 1914 page 264</ref> The end of the Mayan calendar's 13th Baktun was superstitiously feared as a harbinger of the apocalyptic [[2012 phenomenon]].<ref name="USA Today">{{cite news| url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/discoveries/story/2011-11-24/mexico-apocalypse-2012-mayans/51387348/1 | work=USA Today | title=Most Popular E-mail Newsletter | date=November 24, 2011}}</ref> Fear of the number 13 has a specifically recognized [[phobia]], Triskaidekaphobia, a word coined in 1911. The superstitious sufferers of triskaidekaphobia try to avoid bad luck by keeping away from anything numbered or labelled thirteen. As a result, companies and manufacturers use another way of numbering or labeling to avoid the number, with hotels and tall buildings being conspicuous examples ([[thirteenth floor]]).<ref name="Fleischman">{{cite news |last=Fleischman |first =Sid |title=The 13th Floor: A Ghost Story |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/18/AR2007081800890.html |publisher=The Washington Post Company |accessdate=July 26, 2008 |date=August 19, 2007}}</ref> It's also considered unlucky to have thirteen guests at a table. [[Friday the 13th]] has been considered the unluckiest day of the month.
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| <ref name="about1"/>
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| The [[Code of Hammurabi]] consists of 282 laws, but does not have law number 13.
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| There are a number of theories behind the cause of the association between thirteen and bad luck, but none of them have been accepted as likely.<ref name="about1"/>
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| ==== The Last Supper ====
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| At Jesus Christ's [[last supper]], there were thirteen people around the table, counting Christ and the twelve apostles. Some believe this unlucky because one of those thirteen, [[Judas Iscariot]], was the betrayer of Jesus Christ.
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| ==== Knights Templar ====
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| On Friday 13 October 1307, King [[Philip IV of France]] ordered the arrest of the [[Knights Templar]].<ref name="about1"/>
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| ==== Full moons ====
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| A year with 13 full moons instead of 12 posed problems for the monks in charge of the calendars. "This was considered a very unfortunate circumstance, especially by the monks who had charge of the calendar of thirteen months for that year, and it upset the regular arrangement of church festivals. For this reason thirteen came to be considered an unlucky number."<ref>http://www.space.com/9566-strange-story-sunday-blue-moon.html</ref>
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| However, a typical century has about 37 years that have 13 full moons, compared to 63 years with 12 full moons, and typically every third or fourth year has 13 full moons.<ref>http://home.hiwaay.net/~krcool/Astro/moon/fullmoonU.htm</ref>
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| ==== A repressed lunar cult ====
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| In ancient cultures, the number 13 represented femininity, because it corresponded to the number of lunar (menstrual) cycles in a year (13 x 28 = 364 days). The theory is that, as the solar calendar triumphed over the lunar, the number thirteen became anathema.<ref name="about1"/><ref>Stan Gooch, Guardians of the Ancient Wisdom (1980)</ref>
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| ===Lucky 13===
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| {{see also|Lucky Thirteen (disambiguation)}}
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| In [[Italy]], 13 is also considered a lucky number, although in [[Campania]] the expression 'tredici' (meaning 13) is said when one considers their luck to have turned for the worse.
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| ===Music===
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| American born Horror-Punk singer and musician Joseph Poole (Murderdolls) uses the name Wednesday 13 as his stage name, taking "Wednesday" from the girl Wednesday from the Addams Family and 13 from Friday the 13th.
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| American country-pop singer-songwriter [[Taylor Swift]] was born on December 13. She considers 13 her lucky number due to lucky events happening to her when the number appears (her first album going gold in 13 weeks, being seated at awards shows in the 13th seat, row or section). She also wears the number written on her hand at her concerts so she has it with her everywhere she goes.
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| The heavy metal band, [[Megadeth]], released their 13th studio album entitled [[TH1RT3EN]] on November 1, 2011. It consists of 13 tracks including the final song "13".
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| Famous American country singer and songwriter [[Johnny Cash]] first released his song called "[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dn-OTW-77Uk Number Thirteen]".
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| There are 13 notes, by [[inclusive counting]], in a full chromatic musical [[octave]].
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| Track No. 12 on American heavy metal band [[Danzig (band)|Danzig]]'s album [[6:66 Satan's Child]] is called "Thirteen".
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| The band [[Big Star]] wrote a song called 13.
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| The band [[Teenage Fanclub]] Named their album Thirteen after Big Star's song. The band were heavily influenced by Big Star.
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| American alternative rock band, [[Pixies]] recorded "Number 13 Baby" for their [[Doolittle (album)|Doolittle]] LP. The lyrics to the song include the line: "Standing in her chinos shirt pulled off clean, gotta tattooed tit say number 13"
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| English alternative rock band [[Blur (band)|Blur]]'s sixth studio album, entitled ''13'' was released in 1999.
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| The British heavy metal pioneers [[Black Sabbath]]'s latest studio album is entitled ''[[13 (Black Sabbath album)|13]]''. It was released on 11 June 2013.
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| ===Other===
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| [[Colgate University]] also considers 13 a lucky number. They were founded in 1819 by 13 men with 13 dollars, 13 prayers and 13 articles.<ref name="history-traditions">{{cite web|url=http://www.colgate.edu/DesktopDefault1.aspx?tabid=497&pgID=1200|title=Colgate: History & Traditions|publisher=Colgate University|accessdate=September 1, 2007| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070814204636/http://www.colgate.edu/DesktopDefault1.aspx?tabid=497&pgID=1200| archivedate= August 14, 2007 <!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref> (To this day, members of the Colgate community consider the number 13 a good omen.) In fact, the campus address is 13 Oak Drive in [[Hamilton, New York]], and the male ''a cappella'' group is called the Colgate 13.
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| In the Mayan [[Tzolk'in]] calendar, trecenas mark cycles of 13 day periods. The pyramids are also set up in 9 steps divided into 7 days and 6 nights, 13 days total.
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| In a tarot card deck, XIII is the card of Death, usually picturing the Pale horse with its rider.
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| A [[baker's dozen]], devil's dozen, long dozen, or long measure is 13, one more than a standard dozen.
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| ====Coperos====
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| The number 13 in the Coperos religion (small culture in Brazil) is like a God number. All coperos must know that this number can save humankind.
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| ====History====
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| The [[Flag of the United States|American flag]] has 13 stripes in honor of the first 13 colonies.
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| [[Apollo 13]] was a NASA Moon mission famous for being a "successful failure" in that while the crew was unable to land on the Moon as planned due to a technical malfunction, they were returned safely home.
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| ==Age 13==
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| *In Judaism, 13 signifies the age at which a boy matures and becomes a [[Bar and Bat Mitzvah|Bar Mitzvah]], ''i.e.'', a full member of the Jewish faith (is qualified to be a member of Minyan).
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| ==In sports==
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| In [[rugby league]]:
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| * Each side has 13 players on the field at any given time.
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| * The jersey number 13 is worn by the starting loose forward or lock forward in most competitions. An exception is in the European [[Super League]], which uses static squad numbering.
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| The [[Squad number|jersey number]] 13 has been retired by several [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|North American sports]] teams, usually in honor of past playing greats:
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| * In [[Major League Baseball]]:
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| ** The [[Cincinnati Reds]], for [[Dave Concepción]].
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| * In the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]:
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| ** The Charlotte Hornets, for [[Bobby Phills]], who died in a 2000 auto accident while playing for the team. The franchise continues to honor the number in its current identity as the [[New Orleans Pelicans]].
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| ** The [[Golden State Warriors]], [[Los Angeles Lakers]], and [[Philadelphia 76ers]], all for [[List of players in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame|Hall of Famer]] [[Wilt Chamberlain]].
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| ** The [[Portland Trail Blazers]], for [[Dave Twardzik]].
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| ** The [[San Antonio Spurs]], for [[James Silas]].
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| * In the [[National Football League|NFL]]:
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| ** The [[Miami Dolphins]], for [[Pro Football Hall of Fame|Hall of Famer]] [[Dan Marino]].
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| ** The [[New York Jets]], for Hall of Famer [[Don Maynard]].
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| * The [[Toronto Maple Leafs]] of the [[National Hockey League|NHL]] have a policy of not retiring numbers unless the number's bearer either died or suffered a career-ending incident while a member of the team. Other players whose numbers would otherwise be retired instead have their numbers enshrined by the team as "Honoured Numbers", which remain in circulation for future players. The number 13 is currently honoured for [[Hockey Hall of Fame|Hall of Famer]] [[Mats Sundin]].
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| In <!--[[Formula One]] and -->[[triathlon]], the number 13 is not used. As such, the numbering goes 11, 12, ''14'', 15 under the current numbering system.
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| In [[College athletics|U.S. college athletics]], schools that are members of [[Division I (NCAA)|NCAA Division I]] are allowed to provide [[athletic scholarship]]s to a maximum of 13 men's basketball players in a given season.
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| In [[rugby union]], the jersey number 13 is worn by one of the two starting centres, usually the outside centre but sometimes the inside centre.
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| The number 13 is the most-commonly registered jersey number in modern [[roller derby]].<ref>{{cite web|title=International Rollergirls' Master Roster|work=http://www.twoevils.org/rollergirls/}}</ref>
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| ==In TV and films==
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| *[[13 (musical)|''13'' (musical)]], a 2007 musical
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| *[[13 (film)|''13'' (film)]], an English-language remake of the 2005 French film 13 Tzameti.
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| *[[Thirteen (film)|''Thirteen'' (film)]], a 2003 American film
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| *[[Number 13 (film)|''Number 13'' (film)]], an uncompleted Hitchcock 1922 film
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| *''[[13 Tzameti]]'', a 2005 French film ("Tzameti" means "13" in Georgian)
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| *''[[13 Ghosts]]'' is a 1960 horror film.
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| **''[[Thirteen Ghosts]]'' a 2001 remake.
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| *[[Thirteen (House)|Thirteen]] is the nickname of Dr. Remy Hadley on the American medical drama ''[[House (TV series)|House]]'' played by [[Olivia Wilde]].
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| *''[[13 Assassins]]'' is a 2010 film by Japanese director [[Takashi Miike]]
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| *''[[The 13th Warrior]]'' is a 1999 historical fiction action film starring [[Antonio Banderas]]
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| *''[[District 13]]'' is a 2004 French film (with [[David Belle]])
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| *''[[Apollo 13 (film)|Apollo 13]]'' is a 1995 American film.
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| *[[13 (Six Feet Under album)|''13'' (Six Feet Under album)]] is an album from the American death metal band Six Feet Under.
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| *''[[Warehouse 13]]'' is a television show about the 13th warehouse in the line of warehouses that store supernatural artifacts.
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| *''[[Friday The 13th]]'' is a horror film involving a "monster" called [[Jason Voorhees]].
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| ==References==
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| {{Commons category}}
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| {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
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| {{Integers|zero}}
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| {{Superstitions}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:13 (Number)}}
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| [[Category:Integers|1 3]]
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| [[Category:Numerology]]
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| [[Category:Superstitions about numbers]]
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