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In [[mathematical analysis|analysis]], a branch of mathematics, '''Hilbert's inequality''' states that
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: <math>
\left|\sum_{r\neq s}\dfrac{u_{r}\overline{u_{s}}}{r-s}\right|\le\pi\displaystyle\sum_{r}|u_{r}|^2.
</math>
 
for any sequence ''u''<sub>1</sub>,''u''<sub>2</sub>,... of complex numbers. It was first demonstrated by [[David Hilbert]] with the constant 2{{pi}} instead of {{pi}}; the sharp constant was found by [[Issai Schur]]. It implies that the [[Hilbert transform#Discrete Hilbert transform|discrete Hilbert transform]] is a bounded operator in ''ℓ''<sub>2</sub>.
 
==Formulation==
 
Let (''u''<sub>''m''</sub>) be a sequence of complex numbers. If the sequence is infinite, assume that it is square-summable:
 
:<math> \sum_m |u_m|^2 < \infty \, </math>
 
Hilbert's inequality (see {{harvtxt|Steele|2004}}) asserts that
 
: <math>
\left|\sum_{r\neq s}\dfrac{u_{r}\overline{u_{s}}}{r-s}\right|\le\pi\displaystyle\sum_{r}|u_{r}|^2.
</math>
 
==Extensions==
 
In 1973, [[#MV|Montgomery & Vaughan]] reported several generalizations of Hilbert's inequality, considering the bilinear forms
 
: <math> \sum_{r\neq s}u_r\overline u_s\csc\pi(x_r-x_s) </math>
 
and
 
: <math>\sum_{r\neq s}\dfrac{u_r\overline u_s}{\lambda_r-\lambda_s},</math>
 
where ''x''<sub>1</sub>,''x''<sub>2</sub>,...,''x''<sub>''m''</sub> are distinct real numbers modulo&nbsp;1 (i.e. they belong to distinct classes in the [[quotient group]] '''R'''/'''Z''') and ''&lambda;''<sub>1</sub>,...,''&lambda;''<sub>''m''</sub> are distinct real numbers. [[#MV|Montgomery & Vaughan]]'s generalizations of Hilbert's inequality are then given by
 
: <math>
\left|\sum_{r\neq s} u_r \overline{u_s}\csc\pi(x_r-x_s)\right|\le\delta^{-1}\sum_r |u_r|^2.
</math>
 
and
 
: <math>
\left|\sum_{r\neq s}\dfrac{u_r\overline{u_s}}{\lambda_r-\lambda_s}\right|\le\pi\tau^{-1} \sum_r |u_r|^2.
</math>
 
where
 
:<math>\delta={\min_{r,s}}{}_{+}\|x_{r}-x_{s}\|, \quad \tau=\min_{r,s}{}_{+}\|\lambda_r-\lambda_s\|, \, </math>
 
:<math>\|s\|= \min_{m\in\mathbb{Z}}|s-m|</math>
 
is the distance from ''s'' to the nearest integer, and min<sub>+</sub> denotes the smallest positive value. Moreover, if
 
:<math>0<\delta_r \le {\min_s}{}_{+}\|x_r-x_s\| \quad \text{and} \quad 0<\tau_{r}\le {\min_{s}}{}_{+}\|\lambda_r-\lambda_s\|,\,</math>
 
then the following inequalities hold:
 
: <math>
\left|\sum_{r\neq s} u_r\overline{u_s}\csc\pi(x_r-x_s)\right|\le\dfrac{3}{2} \sum_r |u_r|^2 \delta_r^{-1}.
</math>
 
and
 
: <math>\left|\sum_{r\neq s}\dfrac{u_r \overline{u_s}}{\lambda_r-\lambda_s}\right|\le \dfrac{3}{2} \pi \sum_r |u_r|^2\tau_r^{-1}.
</math>
 
==References==
 
* Online book chapter [http://www-stat.wharton.upenn.edu/~steele/Publications/Books/CSMC/CSMC_HilbertandCompensatingDifficulties.pdf Hilbert’s Inequality and Compensating Difficulties] extracted from {{cite book |title=The Cauchy-Schwarz master class: an introduction to the art of mathematical inequalities |first=J. Michael|last= Steele |pages=155–165 |chapter=Chapter 10: Hilbert’s Inequality and Compensating Difficulties |url=http://books.google.com/?id=bvgBdZKEYAEC&pg=PA155 |year=2004 |isbn=0-521-54677-X |publisher=Cambridge University Press|ref=harv}}.
 
* {{cite journal
|    last1 = Montgomery
|  first1 = H. L.
|  author-link = Hugh Montgomery (mathematician)
|    last2 = Vaughan
|  first2 = R. C.
|    title = Hilbert's inequality
|  journal = J. London Math. Soc. (2)
|  volume = 8
|    year = 1974
|    pages = 73–82
|    issn = 0024-6107
|      ref = MV
}}
 
==External links==
* {{SpringerEOM|title=Hilbert inequality|id=Hilbert_inequality| last=Godunova|first=E.K.}}
 
[[Category:Inequalities]]
[[Category:Complex analysis]]
[[Category:Number theory]]

Latest revision as of 13:58, 13 June 2014

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Place meals in zip-lock plastic bags or in plastic containers to keep it dry as the ice melts. For longer trips it's a fantastic concept to retain your beverages in a separate cooler that can be opened much more frequently. Place all of your meals in one more cooler and open it significantly less typically. Crushed ice cools products more quickly, but ice blocks last longer. Block ice is recommended for trips that are extra than 1 or two days. Air around the ice can be under 0degC.

Commonly the fans in inferior laptop coolers will be messed up within a year but not the super sturdy Zalman. Targus Lap Chill Mat AWE55US This laptop cooler is fairly big and can support a 17 inch laptop effortlessly devoid of any complications. If you treasured this article so you would like to receive more info concerning best cooler For the money - bestcoolerreviewshq.com i implore you to visit our web-page. The rubber stops at the four edges is a good touch and prevents the laptop from slipping off the laptop cooler. I began this web-site to share my experiences with laptop coolers.

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