Econometrics: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:37, 14 February 2014

Unchecked Jeremy Scott Adidas Wings Australia

Unchecked, bindweed can grow to be many metres high as this weed spirals around trees leaving on its way upwards. In flowering season, the weed creates quite pretty white flowers, but this plant really is a terrible pest in the garden and, if it Jeremy Scott Adidas Wings Australia is not controlled, it may quickly take over borders. Not many garden plants can compete with its aggressive growth rate.

It's your small business and you worked hard to really make it a success. But one day it won be yours. You decide to step back and give daytoday responsibilities to someone else, or a medical event may make the decision for you. That why you should place a succession plan in place that ensures your hopes for your business like funding an appropriate retirement or leaving a legacy for your family are realized. Here are a few essential planning items to consider.

Things are more mentally draining when you are not used to it. If you've been performing a skill for years it doesn't have a lot of energy and you can often carry it out without even having to think about Tiffany Silver Jewellery Australia it. When you're newer to something it requires a ton more concentration. You can almost feel it actively straining the mind. I'm sure you can remember a period when you were first learning to drive or play a musical instrument or something. After an hour or two of practicing you had been like, "I've had enough for today. My mental abilities are full." But if you stuck with it you could eventually get to the stage where you ran on autopilot.

I was curious to find an informational aspect towards the website on the Mayo Clinic site. And so i poked around it for a while and was disappointed. It was not so much that it lacked depth enough, because it was very incomplete. Or that it catered to non technical people, which is fine, but importantly New Balance 574 Revlite Australia it was down right wrong. So wrong on some things that I emailed them to explain their errors.

Surveys show however, that most people are in fact tired of the daily onslaught of bad news pushed down their throats each day. This makes people feel bad about the world around them and life generally. Good News Daily, therefore, culls the bad news out, which everyone else is focusing on and brings what's promising to light. As the famous saying goes, "Butterfly flapping its wings in Japan may cause a hurricane on the other side around the globe," Good News Daily believes we can also start a butterfly effect that Cheap Nike Shoes Online Store will eventually make people feel good about their lives, good about life and we can begin to heal this planet in a big way.

apparently Nike Runners Online Australia

Increased Involvement and Loyalty By engaging your bilingual employees, customers and partners within the translation process you can actually increase their loyalty and sense of community. Offering incentives or awards for their contribution can help them feel the value of contributing and make them feel part of something great.

We all want to help make the meme and get rich off something which seems simple and infectious. But memes are ideas that succeeded, if we can define success within an evolutionary way, which means they can copy and spread themselves. But we don often think about the Nike Runners Online Australia ideas that don spread. Ideas, just like most things go through a natural selection, wherein a huge amount are generated every day and just a small amount survive. Think how many random concept blogs individuals are making and hoping go viral on Tumblr every single day.

A student may struggle with grammar and pronunciation, but how creative is she when communicating with the language she knows? Assessing communication in your students means looking at their Ray Ban Glasses For Men creative utilisation of the language they do know to make their points understood. Students with a low level of vocabulary and grammar may have excellent communication skills if she is able to make you understand her, whereas Nike Roshe Run Metric Australia a sophisticated student who is tied to manufactured dialogues might not be able to be expressive with language and would therefore have low communication skills. Don let deficiencies in language skill keep your students from expressing themselves. The more creative they can be with language and also the more unique ways they are able to express themselves, the better their overall communication skills will be.

The consensus in these pieces is the fact that women "shouldn't be angry at The Onion" for "telling it like it is." Rosin and Elizabeth Nolan Brown call the criticism "annoying" confirmation from the stereotype that "feminists can't have a joke," with the latter insisting that "The Onion is so far from the problem that it helps make the project of feminism as a whole look petty and absurd when it acts like it is." Gratitude, apparently, is the proper response to The Onion for locating fodder for entertainment in a survivor's trauma. "The more possibilities to point out that Chris Brown is really a piece of shit," Wakeman concludes, "the better."

Rather than reporting just news and scores, they chose to hit upon fan engagement."Cricketcountry is the destination site for fans and as the community Mens Nike Shox Nz products roll out, all our fan features are getting enhanced. Right now, we have expert fans writing for all of us. They are not paid but they get to create their own following plus they create a lot of viral traffic for the site," says Kanwal.The graph by Comscore for the month of August shows they are at par with Cricbuzz, a website that was launched eight years ago.

diabetes Nike Shox Size 13

The existence of an internet marketer revolves around something: Content. You need to have articles for the blog, additional great content for your newsletter or ezine, and even more quality articles if you intend to execute article marketing or guest blogging to obtain free advertising for your site. So, before you decide to throw in the towel completely, let me share several ideas with you that may possibly help you to actually have time away from your computer.

There are plenty of healthy canned and frozen foods available and we should be encouraging the use of them if it increases the likelihood that parents will do more cooking for their kids and if it will help parents sit down with their kids to have family mealswhich research has shown is critical in keeping kids at a healthy weight.

What's your favorite CrossFit movement or workout? My favorite CrossFit movement is the Muscle Up. It took Nike Shox Size 13 me a while to build up the strength and understand the technique needed to perform these. This was a great sense of accomplishment and that i enjoy seeing other athletes get their first Muscle Up.

I really do like what they have done and just how they are doing it. I think this represents a "next gen" method of vulnerability management, just when we need one. BYOD, mobile and remote workers and offices have left a gap in our vulnerability management coverage, iScan Online's opportunistic scanning is a superb solution to fill that gap. I am looking forward to seeing how the market responds and am pleased to be helping them.

To make sure that Not Panicking Ltd can deliver h2g2 services to you; relation to any content you have Nike Free 3.0 V4 submitted; you have opted to get further correspondence; invite you to definitely participate in surveys about Not Panicking Ltd services (participation is definitely voluntary); and marketing purposes in which you have specifically agreed to this.

Recovered from alcoholism? Yes. And more. Danny has also recovered from depressive disorder, anxiety, ADD, smoking, obesity, diabetes, arthritis, colitis, diverticulitis substance abuse as well as sugar addiction and overeating. This was done through elements of living discussed here. He may or not be a member of AA, however all solutions for these diseases and conditions are due to an ardent Big Book reconcilable 12 Step practice into that they incorporates a very special Step 11 technique alluded to in the Big Book but not presented. He contends that without this special, ancient, meditation only fleeting spiritual growth is possible. With it, drastic, ENDURING freedom union using the Creator Cheap Air Max 90 Australia comes simply, automatically and quickly. Danny does not run a Rehab or Treatment Facility. He doesn have any Models to promote or sell. The life altering meditation being active is freely available to Air Jordan 3.5 Retro anyone willing to follow the directions. All here's 100% free to be use or ignore even the meditation itself.

2011 Source Nike Shox Rivalry Mens Running Shoes

User research shows overwhelmingly that users expect the top left area of your page header contains both a visual indication of who you are, plus a link back to your site home page. Users also expect the header may play a huge role in global navigation in your site. Important navigation links in many cases are arrayed horizontally within the page header.

The "Magic, Mystery and Oooh La La" happens select Fridays and Saturdays evenings during peak season. Check website for show times and details.Cultivate your appreciation for the Sonoran Desert's natural beauty and the impression it can make on everyone who explores our "Desert Corner". Here, the seasons Nike Shox Rivalry Mens Running Shoes inspire wondrous events both in nature and culturally; Tohono Chul celebrates every opening, whether for an internationally known artist or perhaps an exquisite cactus flower.

Symptoms and Complications of GoutThe symptoms of a gout Buy Michael Kors Bags Australia attack are almost unmistakeable. Typically, a person will go to bed feeling fine, then awaken during the night with intense pain within the big toe (threequarters of gout cases involve this joint). At first it feels like a bucket of cold water has been poured over the joint, but soon there's an agonizing sensation of stretching and tearing, together with pressure and tightness. The affected region also becomes extremely sensitive to touch even a bed sheet or someone walking Oakley Australia Store in the room makes it hurt more. The swelling often spreads over the whole foot, making it impossible to put on a shoe. Also, lowgrade fever may develop.

Among the key challenges in creating effective nanoparticles is targeting them to appropriate tissues and cells. Although biological targeting using aptamers or antibodies on the Vibram 5 Fingers Uk surface of nanoparticles is one popular option, other researchers are starting to exploit the physical characteristics from the particles to guide them to desired locations. Anderson Cancer Center, and Rice University in Houston, USA. His work implies that biological barriers such as the vascular wall dominate the distribution of injected nanoparticles in the body, even for particles that are decorated with exquisite biological recognition moieties. A judicious choice of size and shape of a nanovector particle can enhance by orders of magnitude the amount of drug delivered to the target lesion site. "I think that the era of 'rational design' of nanoparticles is here, and that optimal design will occur according to principles of engineering and physics," Ferrari says.

Publication year: 2011 Source: Forest Policy and Economics, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 29 April 2011 Klaus, Seeland , Jo Godat , Ralf, Hansmann The capacity for innovation spurred by regional organizations (ROs) and their impact on regional economic development are explored through forest expert interviews along with a survey of smallscale forest owners in the Canton of Lucerne, in central Switzerland. The outcomes show significant differences between your economic positions of.

Thus Cheap Michael Kors Hamilton Tote

You might put together the best looking and most compelling email campaigns ever, but without a permissionbased list of people to receive them, your messages will go unseen. Fortunately, there are a number of simple ways to build and maintain your contact list so that you can reach the people your business or organization covets the most: Your loyal customers and members.

Uptime and reliability Cheap Michael Kors Hamilton Tote reporting is actually quite tricky to do on a cloud, especially since the cloud is made up of thousands of individual services and metrics which are all measured and recorded. The team at Melbourne is developing a reliability metric based on starting up and shutting down a VM once each hour in each cell. This will be implemented and results automatically shown on the Research Cloud support website.

Thus, began a period of rapid growth and advancement for the band. Under Don's wing this guitar rock band began to become a polished act that may entertain and impress the harshest rock critics. The band's writing matured quickly and they began to make demo recordings the very first time. Cambridge also got the attention of Gary Stratychuk, manager of Wascana and local impresario. Gary booked the band to spread out for Mens Nike Shox Sale Rush at the Trianon ballroom. While they were only 16 and were playing mostly cover material, Blue Oyster Cult, Foghat and the like they wowed the crowd and Buy Nike Roshe Online Australia received a glowing review from LeaderPost music critic Gary Dealy who known as the band "seasoned well beyond its years."

It had been great for me because I have a libertarian streak, but people who made a decision to live there expecting the strict social order of the United States or Germany were miserable. I suppose it all depends on what your searching for. I value personal freedom pretty highly and don mind tolerating a little chaos so I were built with a great time. I would happily return to live there if I could find a decent job in the area. Having said that the government does need to be reformed if they not competent enough to protection Italy national treasures.

As the team will report in the July issue of Animal Cognition, 12 out of 29 dogs yawned during the experiment. Typically, canines yawned five times more often when they heard humans they knew yawning as opposed to control sounds. "These results claim that dogs have the capacity to empathize with humans," says Mbt Shoes Perth Wa Silva.

Andrea continues to be a thoughtleader in the field of personal and business coaching and is writing two new titles for coaches to be released in the next year.I loved this book! It had been just what I needed, just when I needed it.This book would be a great wakeup call for me at any given time when I was about to restructure my business.

blue Timberland Shoes Sydney Stores

They learn to separate themselves using their environment. With the stability in temperature, no things get affected because of change in the outside temperature in environment. Her father hugged her and told her not to forget how much he loved her. My mistake! i've one x16 (blue) and one x4 (black) graphic slots! i've only one GC and it is in the blue x16 slot, i did not change anything since i bought the comp, didn't update the bios, and that i don't know if something changed since the Timberland Shoes Sydney Stores begging because i saw the problem in the nvidia control panel last week where it states that the bus is pci e x4! i played games like Crysis (medium), COD4 (high), NFS prostreet (high) etc but with low antialiasing, also i work some 3d programs! i searched the web about this problem and there are many like me with the same problem!.

What he did know was how you can hire knowledgeable people and then hold them accountable to the overall success of the organization. This is done vice versa where a site may use your sites contents and thus can you to his or her site. And rival wsbk.

Now powering over 17% of the Web, WordPress is becoming increasingly the content management system (CMS) preferred by the average user. "I was really surprised that, as a mother myself, I didn't fully realize that much about what was happening imprisonment in terms of parenting," McShane says.

It had been only recently that both he and his younger siblings had stopped flinching in anxiety about Nike Jordan Heels being bombed every time they heard an airplane fly overhead. They can help with most software packages and are registered QuickBooks Professional Advisors. Marija Cvetanovic's present position is Post Doctoral Fellow, Neurology, Northwestern University.

Rational marijuana policy, SAM Mbt Masai Singapore says, precludes relying "only on the criminal justice system to deal with people whose only crime is smoking or possessing a small amount of marijuana" and the group requires small time possession to be decriminalized, but "subject to a mandatory health screening an marijuana education program." The SAM version of decrim also includes referrals to treatment "if needed" and probation for approximately a year "to prevent further drug abuse.".

Not the convenient interface. They said any final decision would be produced in "consultation with the community and the agreement from the council".. Some of my favorite pieces were the navy blue skinny trousers versatile Vibram Five Fingers Australia Sale and can easily transition from a meeting or lunch to an art show and even date! The monochrome tuxedo track pants were additionally a favorite of mine much swag!.

SS Mbt Sandals Women

SS: The Onion web site suggests the Review Mbt Sandals Women is a positive idea because now people could be completely caught up on the news without even learning how to read. Pissed me off, to be honest. He has this poem known as the Pill and the Springhill Mining Disaster. And its basic message is that the prevention of human life from the woman going on the pill isn't any different than this mine disaster that killed a lot of people.

That is one reason why many analysts are projecting San Francisco as a potential luxury pick for that 49ers. Lattimore could easily be a first round pick had his health not been in question. At his size (6 218 lbs), Lattimore may be the feature back within his first couple of years on the NFL.

Health Minister Tony Ryall and associate Health Minister Tariana Turia have both been briefed on the lawsuit, which asked our prime court to rule the ministry's approach to approving smokerfriendly areas was wrong. Additionally, it asked the court to overturn the decision which allowed smoking within the Diamond Lounge or to force it with the approval process again.

You want to go outside with your winter jacket or your heavy sweatshirt? you think you can share your blocks or perhaps your trucks with your brother? children to positive choices helps children think on their own. It allows children to exercise their making decisions skills and focuses them around the task at hand. Offering choices shows respect for a kid need for independence. This will ultimately help parents interact with their children and bring more peace to their home. Read our full Terms of Service.

It's my hope when i start the group that we'll meet regularly, make new friends, and uncover some fabulous new eateries. Suggestions are always welcome. If you Cheap Ray Ban Glasses Australia want to host an event, that, too, is welcome. I've started this group to fill a void created by the closing of a group having a similar focus. It is my hope that we'll meet regularly with input from many voices.

The Partnerships and Professional Placements Office is responsible for the organisation of the professional placements for an additional Faculty of Education programmes:Please be aware that placements for the Master of Psychology (Counselling) or Master of Psychology (Educational and Developmental) programs aren't managed by the Partnerships and Professional Placements Office. For further information please visit the Clinical placements for psychology students website.

Planificateur M Interactif / Interactive Media Planner at Nurun, Planificateur M S / Senior Media Planner at Gallant Leaman Green, Acheteur M Traditionnel et Interactif Traditionnal and Interactive Media Buyer at Initiative, Longchamp Outlet Sydney Repr publicitaire Interactif / Interactive Sales Representative at 24/7 and Summum Media, Planificateur Acheteur M Interactif / Interactive Media Cheap Nike Free Runs Online Planner / Buyer at Marketel, Planificateur M / Traditional Media Planner at Marketel / Cossette / Optimedia, Assistant Planner at Cossette Media, Assistant Planificateur at ZenithOptimedia, Estimator at Doner Canada

Econometrics: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:37, 14 February 2014

Contents

Unchecked Jeremy Scott Adidas Wings Australia

apparently Nike Runners Online Australia

diabetes Nike Shox Size 13

2011 Source Nike Shox Rivalry Mens Running Shoes

Thus Cheap Michael Kors Hamilton Tote

blue Timberland Shoes Sydney Stores

SS Mbt Sandals Women

Navigation menu

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Economics sidebar}}
+== Unchecked Jeremy Scott Adidas Wings Australia ==
-'''Econometrics''' is the application of [[mathematics]], [[statistical methods]],  and, more recently, [[computer science]], to economic data and is described as the branch of [[economics]] that aims to give [[empirical]] content to economic relations.<ref name="Pesaran">[[M. Hashem Pesaran]] (1987). "Econometrics," ''[[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]]'', v. 2, p. 8 [pp. 8-22]. Reprinted in J. Eatwell ''et al.'', eds. (1990). ''Econometrics: The New Palgrave'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=gBsgr7BPJsoC&dq=econometrics&printsec=find&pg=PA1=false#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 1] [pp. 1-34].  [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_E000007&edition=current&q=Econometrics&topicid=&result_number=2 Abstract] ([[The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics|2008]] revision by J. Geweke, J. Horowitz, and H. P. Pesaran).</ref> More precisely, it is "the quantitative analysis of actual economic [[phenomena]] based on the concurrent development of theory and observation, related by appropriate methods of inference."<ref>[[Paul Samuelson|P. A. Samuelson]], [[Tjalling Koopmans|T. C. Koopmans]], and [[Richard Stone|J. R. N. Stone]] (1954). "Report of the Evaluative Committee for ''Econometrica''," ''Econometrica'' 22(2), p. 142. [p [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1907538 p. 141]-146], as described and cited in Pesaran (1987) above.</ref> An introductory economics textbook describes econometrics as allowing economists "to sift through mountains of data to extract simple relationships."<ref>Paul A. Samuelson and [[William D. Nordhaus]], 2004. ''[[Economics (textbook)|Economics]]''. 18th ed., McGraw-Hill, p. 5.</ref>  The first known use of the term "econometrics" (in [[cognate]] form) was by Paweł Ciompa in 1910. [[Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch|Ragnar Frisch]] is credited with coining the term in the sense that it is used today.<ref>• H. P. Pesaran (1990), "Econometrics," ''Econometrics: The New Palgrave'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=gBsgr7BPJsoC&dq=econometrics&printsec=find&pg=PA2=false#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 2], citing Ragnar Frisch (1936), "A Note on the Term 'Econometrics'," ''Econometrica'', 4(1), p. 95.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; • Aris Spanos (2008), "statistics and economics,"  ''[[The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics]]'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_S000502&edition=current&q=statistics&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract.]</ref>
-Econometrics is the intersection of economics, mathematics, and statistics. Econometrics adds empirical content to economic theory allowing theories to be tested and used for forecasting and policy evaluation.{{sfn|Geweke|Horowitz|Pesaran|2008}}
+Unchecked, bindweed can grow to be many metres high as this weed spirals around trees leaving on its way upwards. In flowering season, the weed creates quite pretty white flowers, but this plant really is a terrible pest in the garden and, if it [http://www.bungalookstudio.com/wp/wp-content/plugins/akismet/footer.php?adidas=17 Jeremy Scott Adidas Wings Australia] is not controlled, it may quickly take over borders. Not many garden plants can compete with its aggressive growth rate.<br><br>It's your small business and you worked hard to really make it a success. But one day it won be yours. You decide to step back and give daytoday responsibilities to someone else, or a medical event may make the decision for you. That why you should place a succession plan in place that ensures your hopes for your business like funding an appropriate retirement or leaving a legacy for your family are realized. Here are a few essential planning items to consider.<br><br>Things are more mentally draining when you are not used to it. If you've been performing a skill for years it doesn't have a lot of energy and you can often carry it out without even having to think about [http://www.etnqld.com/reception/fusioncharts/finder.asp?t=139-Tiffany-Silver-Jewellery-Australia Tiffany Silver Jewellery Australia] it. When you're newer to something it requires a ton more concentration. You can almost feel it actively straining the mind. I'm sure you can remember a period when you were first learning to drive or play a musical instrument or something. After an hour or two of practicing you had been like, "I've had enough for today. My mental abilities are full." But if you stuck with it you could eventually get to the stage where you ran on autopilot.<br><br>I was curious to find an informational aspect towards the website on the Mayo Clinic site. And so i poked around it for a while and was disappointed. It was not so much that it lacked depth enough, because it was very incomplete. Or that it catered to non technical people, which is fine, but importantly [http://www.electricbeach.com.au/cp/Scripts/ASP/Guestbook/user.asp?n=12 New Balance 574 Revlite Australia] it was down right wrong. So wrong on some things that I emailed them to explain their errors.<br><br>Surveys show however, that most people are in fact tired of the daily onslaught of bad news pushed down their throats each day. This makes people feel bad about the world around them and life generally. Good News Daily, therefore, culls the bad news out, which everyone else is focusing on and brings what's promising to light. As the famous saying goes, "Butterfly flapping its wings in Japan may cause a hurricane on the other side around the globe," Good News Daily believes we can also start a butterfly effect that [http://www.boondoomahomestead.org.au/Events/Poster/client.asp?n=42 Cheap Nike Shoes Online Store] will eventually make people feel good about their lives, good about life and we can begin to heal this planet in a big way.<ul>
+   <li>[http://bp2-team.com:1000/museum/nsfg/gameserver/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=31042 http://bp2-team.com:1000/museum/nsfg/gameserver/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=31042]</li>
+   <li>[http://tztea.com.cn/news/html/?214580.html http://tztea.com.cn/news/html/?214580.html]</li>
+   <li>[http://frozentime.hostingsiteforfree.com/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=14768 http://frozentime.hostingsiteforfree.com/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=14768]</li>
+   <li>[http://www.mermaids.tw/forum/showthread.php?p=2513650#post2513650 http://www.mermaids.tw/forum/showthread.php?p=2513650#post2513650]</li>
+   <li>[http://bbs.lusongwang.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=48278 http://bbs.lusongwang.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=48278]</li>
+ </ul>
-==Basic econometric models: linear regression==
+== apparently Nike Runners Online Australia ==
-The basic tool for econometrics is the [[linear regression model]]. In modern econometrics, other statistical tools are frequently used, but linear regression is still the most frequently used starting point for an analysis.<ref>Greene (2012), 12.</ref>  Estimating a linear regression on two variables can be visualized as fitting a line through data points representing paired values of the independent and dependent variables.
-[[File:Okuns law differences 1948 to mid 2011.png|thumb|right|Okun's law representing the relationship between GDP growth and the unemployment rate. The fitted line is found using regression analysis.]]
+Increased Involvement and Loyalty  By engaging your bilingual employees, customers and partners within the translation process you can actually increase their loyalty and sense of community. Offering incentives or awards for their contribution can help them feel the value of contributing and make them feel part of something great.<br><br>We all want to help make the meme and get rich off something which seems simple and infectious. But memes are ideas that succeeded, if we can define success within an evolutionary way, which means they can copy and spread themselves. But we don often think about the [http://www.boondoomahomestead.org.au/Events/Poster/client.asp?n=41 Nike Runners Online Australia] ideas that don spread. Ideas, just like most things go through a natural selection, wherein a huge amount are generated every day and just a small amount survive. Think how many random concept blogs individuals are making and hoping go viral on Tumblr every single day.<br><br>A student may struggle with grammar and pronunciation, but how creative is she when communicating with the language she knows? Assessing communication in your students means looking at their [http://www.venueinduct.com.au/cp/Scripts/ASP/Chat/filer.asp?r=67 Ray Ban Glasses For Men] creative utilisation of the language they do know to make their points understood. Students with a low level of vocabulary and grammar may have excellent communication skills if she is able to make you understand her, whereas [http://bwpi.net.au/Images/SectionImages/cache.asp?r=50 Nike Roshe Run Metric Australia] a sophisticated student who is tied to manufactured dialogues might not be able to be expressive with language and would therefore have low communication skills. Don let deficiencies in language skill keep your students from expressing themselves. The more creative they can be with language and also the more unique ways they are able to express themselves, the better their overall communication skills will be.<br><br>The consensus in these pieces is the fact that women "shouldn't be angry at The Onion" for "telling it like it is." Rosin and Elizabeth Nolan Brown call the criticism "annoying" confirmation from the stereotype that "feminists can't have a joke," with the latter insisting that "The Onion is so far from the problem that it helps make the project of feminism as a whole look petty and absurd when it acts like it is." Gratitude, apparently, is the proper response to The Onion for locating fodder for entertainment in a survivor's trauma. "The more possibilities to point out that Chris Brown is really a piece of shit," Wakeman concludes, "the better."<br><br>Rather than reporting just news and scores, they chose to hit upon fan engagement."Cricketcountry is the destination site for fans and as the community [http://www.ashgrovedance.com.au/Content/frame.asp?nikeshox=20 Mens Nike Shox Nz] products roll out, all our fan features are getting enhanced. Right now, we have expert fans writing for all of us. They are not paid but they get to create their own following plus they create a lot of viral traffic for the site," says Kanwal.The graph by Comscore for the month of August shows they are at par with Cricbuzz, a website that was launched eight years ago.<ul>
+   <li>[http://site.wisceo.com/news/html/?59601.html http://site.wisceo.com/news/html/?59601.html]</li>
+   <li>[http://www.sqxysm.com/news/html/?39105.html http://www.sqxysm.com/news/html/?39105.html]</li>
+   <li>[http://www.9combo.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=140705 http://www.9combo.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=140705]</li>
+   <li>[http://ks35439.kimsufi.com/spip.php?article450/ http://ks35439.kimsufi.com/spip.php?article450/]</li>
+   <li>[http://bbs.syzj.37pp.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=695337 http://bbs.syzj.37pp.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=695337]</li>
+ </ul>
-For example, consider [[Okun's law]], which relates GDP growth to the unemployment rate. This relationship is represented in a linear regression where the change in unemployment rate (<math>\Delta\ Unemployment</math>) is a function of an intercept (<math> \beta_0 </math>), a given value of GDP growth multiplied by a slope coefficient <math> \beta_1 </math> and an error term, <math>\epsilon</math>:
+== diabetes Nike Shox Size 13 ==
-:<math> \Delta\ Unemployment= \beta_0 + \beta_1\text{Growth} + \varepsilon. </math>
+The existence of an internet marketer revolves around something: Content. You need to have articles for the blog, additional great content for your newsletter or ezine, and even more quality articles if you intend to execute article marketing or guest blogging to obtain free advertising for your site. So, before you decide to throw in the towel completely, let me share several ideas with you that may possibly help you to actually have time away from your computer.<br><br>There are plenty of healthy canned and frozen foods available and we should be encouraging the use of them if it increases the likelihood that parents will do more cooking for their kids and if it will help parents sit down with their kids to have family mealswhich research has shown is critical in keeping kids at a healthy weight.<br><br>What's your favorite CrossFit movement or workout? My favorite CrossFit movement is the Muscle Up. It took [http://www.ashgrovedance.com.au/Content/frame.asp?nikeshox=18 Nike Shox Size 13] me a while to build up the strength and understand the technique needed to perform these. This was a great sense of accomplishment and that i enjoy seeing other athletes get their first Muscle Up.<br><br>I really do like what they have done and just how they are doing it. I think this represents a "next gen" method of vulnerability management, just when we need one. BYOD, mobile and remote workers and offices have left a gap in our vulnerability management coverage, iScan Online's opportunistic scanning is a superb solution to fill that gap. I am looking forward to seeing how the market responds and am pleased to be helping them.<br><br>To make sure that Not Panicking Ltd can deliver h2g2 services to you; relation to any content you have [http://www.gillmanrealestate.com/newsletter/session.php?f=150-Nike-Free-3.0-V4 Nike Free 3.0 V4] submitted; you have opted to get further correspondence; invite you to definitely participate in surveys about Not Panicking Ltd services (participation is definitely voluntary); and marketing purposes in which you have specifically agreed to this. <br><br>Recovered from alcoholism? Yes. And more. Danny has also recovered from depressive disorder, anxiety, ADD, smoking, obesity, diabetes, arthritis, colitis, diverticulitis substance abuse as well as sugar addiction and overeating. This was done through elements of living discussed here. He may or not be a member of AA, however all solutions for these diseases and conditions are due to an ardent Big Book reconcilable 12 Step practice into that they incorporates a very special Step 11 technique alluded to in the Big Book but not presented. He contends that without this special, ancient, meditation only fleeting spiritual growth is possible. With it, drastic, ENDURING freedom union using the Creator [http://www.river2sea.com.au/cp/Scripts/ASP/Chat/menu.asp?n=64 Cheap Air Max 90 Australia] comes simply, automatically and quickly. Danny does not run a Rehab or Treatment Facility. He doesn have any Models to promote or sell. The life altering meditation being active is freely available to [http://www.ozbrew.com/data/backup.asp?j=10 Air Jordan 3.5 Retro] anyone willing to follow the directions. All here's 100% free to be use or ignore  even the meditation itself.<ul>
+   <li>[http://showtime2.no-ip.info/forum-php/forum/thread.php?threadid=224887&sid= http://showtime2.no-ip.info/forum-php/forum/thread.php?threadid=224887&sid=]</li>
+   <li>[http://www.stratbi.com/blog/50?page=4957#comment-317135 http://www.stratbi.com/blog/50?page=4957#comment-317135]</li>
+   <li>[http://math-preview.wmflabs.org/wiki/User:Eisywsuo#Interestingly_Polo_Shirts_Australia http://math-preview.wmflabs.org/wiki/User:Eisywsuo#Interestingly_Polo_Shirts_Australia]</li>
+   <li>[http://linzhoutuliao.x186.lhxh.cn/news/html/?84897.html http://linzhoutuliao.x186.lhxh.cn/news/html/?84897.html]</li>
+   <li>[http://www.nokia4bh.hyperphp.com/vb/showthread.php?p=3456#post3456 http://www.nokia4bh.hyperphp.com/vb/showthread.php?p=3456#post3456]</li>
+ </ul>
-The unknown parameters <math> \beta_0 </math> and <math> \beta_1 </math> can be estimated.  Here <math> \beta_1 </math> is estimated to be −1.77 and <math> \beta_0 </math> is estimated to be 0.83. This means that if GDP grew one point faster, the unemployment rate would be predicted to drop by .94 points (−1.77*1+0.83).  The model could then be tested for [[statistical significance]] as to whether an increase in growth is associated with a decrease in the unemployment, as [[hypothesis test|hypothesized]]. If the estimate of <math> \beta_1 </math> were not significantly different from 0, the test would fail to find evidence that changes in the growth rate and unemployment rate were related.
+== 2011 Source Nike Shox Rivalry Mens Running Shoes ==
-==Theory==
+User research shows overwhelmingly that users expect the top left area of your page header contains both a visual indication of who you are, plus a link back to your site home page. Users also expect the header may play a huge role in global navigation in your site. Important navigation links in many cases are arrayed horizontally within the page header.<br><br>The "Magic, Mystery and Oooh La La" happens select Fridays and Saturdays evenings during peak season. Check website for show times and details.Cultivate your appreciation for the Sonoran Desert's natural beauty and the impression it can make on everyone who explores our "Desert Corner". Here, the seasons [http://www.ashgrovedance.com.au/Content/frame.asp?nikeshox=18 Nike Shox Rivalry Mens Running Shoes] inspire wondrous events both in nature and culturally; Tohono Chul celebrates every opening, whether for an internationally known artist or perhaps an exquisite cactus flower. <br><br>Symptoms and Complications of GoutThe symptoms of a gout [http://www.razorit.com.au/GenericInvoice/class.asp?michaelkors=62-Buy-Michael-Kors-Bags-Australia Buy Michael Kors Bags Australia] attack are almost unmistakeable. Typically, a person will go to bed feeling fine, then awaken during the night with intense pain within the big toe (threequarters of gout cases involve this joint). At first it feels like a bucket of cold water has been poured over the joint, but soon there's an agonizing sensation of stretching and tearing, together with pressure and tightness. The affected region also becomes extremely sensitive to touch  even a bed sheet or someone walking [http://www.gammatron.com.au/products/define.asp?k=8 Oakley Australia Store] in the room makes it hurt more. The swelling often spreads over the whole foot, making it impossible to put on a shoe. Also, lowgrade fever may develop.<br><br>Among the key challenges in creating effective nanoparticles is targeting them to appropriate tissues and cells. Although biological targeting using aptamers or antibodies on the [http://www.jpca.com.au/images/common/footer.asp?vibram=28 Vibram 5 Fingers Uk] surface of nanoparticles is one popular option, other researchers are starting to exploit the physical characteristics from the particles to guide them to desired locations. Anderson Cancer Center, and Rice University in Houston, USA. His work implies that biological barriers such as the vascular wall dominate the distribution of injected nanoparticles in the body, even for particles that are decorated with exquisite biological recognition moieties. A judicious choice of size and shape of a nanovector particle can enhance by orders of magnitude the amount of drug delivered to the target lesion site. "I think that the era of 'rational design' of nanoparticles is here, and that optimal design will occur according to principles of engineering and physics," Ferrari says.<br><br>Publication year: 2011 Source: Forest Policy and Economics, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 29 April 2011 Klaus, Seeland , Jo Godat , Ralf, Hansmann The capacity for innovation spurred by regional organizations (ROs) and their impact on regional economic development are explored through forest expert interviews along with a survey of smallscale forest owners in the Canton of Lucerne, in central Switzerland. The outcomes show significant differences between your economic positions of.<ul>
-{{see also|Estimation theory}}
-Econometric theory uses [[statistical theory]] to evaluate and develop econometric methods. Econometricians try to find [[estimator]]s that have desirable statistical properties including [[Bias of an estimator|unbiasedness]], [[Efficiency (statistics)|efficiency]], and [[Consistent estimator|consistency]]. An estimator is unbiased if its expected value is the true value of the parameter; It is consistent if it converges to the true value as sample size gets larger, and it is efficient if the estimator has lower standard error than other unbiased estimators for a given sample size.  [[Ordinary least squares]] (OLS) is often used for estimation since it provides the BLUE or "best linear unbiased estimator" (where "best" means most efficient, unbiased estimator) given the Gauss-Markov assumptions. When these assumptions are violated or other statistical properties are desired, other estimation techniques such as [[maximum likelihood estimation]], [[generalized method of moments]], or [[generalized least squares]] are used. [[Bayes estimator|Estimators that incorporate prior beliefs]] are advocated by those who favor [[Bayesian statistics]] over traditional,  classical or [[Frequentist probability|"frequentist" approaches]].
+   <li>[http://shaoworld.com/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=8457 http://shaoworld.com/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=8457]</li>
+   <li>[http://182.140.249.57/news/html/?64945.html http://182.140.249.57/news/html/?64945.html]</li>
+   <li>[http://sailer.im/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=643762 http://sailer.im/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=643762]</li>
+   <li>[http://www.gong360.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=64664 http://www.gong360.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=64664]</li>
+   <li>[http://453300.biz/thread-315423-1-1.html http://453300.biz/thread-315423-1-1.html]</li>
+  </ul>
-===Gauss–Markov theorem===
+== Thus Cheap Michael Kors Hamilton Tote ==
-The [[Gauss–Markov theorem]] shows that the OLS estimator is the best (minimum variance), unbiased estimator assuming the model is [[linear model|linear]], the [[expected value]] of the error term is zero, errors are [[Homoscedasticity|homoskedastic]] and not [[Autocorrelation|autocorrelated]], and there is no perfect [[multicollinearity]].
-====Linearity====
+You might put together the best looking and most compelling email campaigns ever, but without a permissionbased list of people to receive them, your messages will go unseen. Fortunately, there are a number of simple ways to build and maintain your contact list so that you can reach the people your business or organization covets the most: Your loyal customers and members.<br><br>Uptime and reliability [http://www.razorit.com.au/GenericInvoice/class.asp?michaelkors=73-Cheap-Michael-Kors-Hamilton-Tote Cheap Michael Kors Hamilton Tote] reporting is actually quite tricky to do on a cloud, especially since the cloud is made up of thousands of individual services and metrics which are all measured and recorded. The team at Melbourne is developing a reliability metric based on starting up and shutting down a VM once each hour in each cell. This will be implemented and results automatically shown on the Research Cloud support website.<br><br>Thus, began a period of rapid growth and advancement for the band. Under Don's wing this guitar rock band began to become a polished act that may entertain and impress the harshest rock critics. The band's writing matured quickly and they began to make demo recordings the very first time. Cambridge also got the attention of Gary Stratychuk, manager of Wascana and local impresario. Gary booked the band to spread out for [http://www.ashgrovedance.com.au/Content/frame.asp?nikeshox=53 Mens Nike Shox Sale] Rush at the Trianon ballroom. While they were only 16 and were playing mostly cover material, Blue Oyster Cult, Foghat and the like they wowed the crowd and [http://bwpi.net.au/Images/SectionImages/cache.asp?r=9 Buy Nike Roshe Online Australia] received a glowing review from LeaderPost music critic Gary Dealy who known as the band "seasoned well beyond its years."<br><br>It had been great for me because I have a libertarian streak, but people who made a decision to live there expecting the strict social order of the United States or Germany were miserable. I suppose it all depends on what your searching for. I value personal freedom pretty highly and don mind tolerating a little chaos so I were built with a great time. I would happily return to live there if I could find a decent job in the area. Having said that the government does need to be reformed if they not competent enough to protection Italy national treasures.<br><br>As the team will report in the July issue of Animal Cognition, 12 out of 29 dogs yawned during the experiment. Typically, canines yawned five times more often when they heard humans they knew yawning as opposed to control sounds. "These results claim that dogs have the capacity to empathize with humans," says [http://www.feesmartnetwork.com.au/PageSys/banner.asp?m=61-Mbt-Shoes-Perth-Wa Mbt Shoes Perth Wa] Silva.<br><br>Andrea continues to be a thoughtleader in the field of personal and business coaching and is writing two new titles for coaches to be released in the next year.I loved this book! It had been just what I needed, just when I needed it.This book would be a great wakeup call for me at any given time when I was about to restructure my business.<ul>
-The dependent variable is assumed to be a linear function of the variables specified in the model. The specification must be linear in its parameters. This does not mean that there must be a linear relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The independent variables can take non-linear forms as long as the parameters are linear.  The equation <math> y = \alpha + \beta x^2, \,</math> qualifies as linear while <math> y = \alpha + \beta^2 x</math> can be transformed to be linear by replacing (beta)^2 by another parameter, say gamma. An equation with a parameter dependent on an independent variable does not qualify as linear, for example y = alpha + beta(x) * x, where beta(x) is a function of x.
+   <li>[http://www.5ixiao.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1438539&fromuid=50515 http://www.5ixiao.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1438539&fromuid=50515]</li>
+   <li>[http://www.pierre-le-jeune.info/spip.php?article3 http://www.pierre-le-jeune.info/spip.php?article3]</li>
+   <li>[http://www.juzibuy.com/lt/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=830165&extra= http://www.juzibuy.com/lt/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=830165&extra=]</li>
+   <li>[http://www.78xyx.com/bbs/home.php?mod=space&uid=1420 http://www.78xyx.com/bbs/home.php?mod=space&uid=1420]</li>
+   <li>[http://www.mingjiuxuan.com/news/html/?103967.html http://www.mingjiuxuan.com/news/html/?103967.html]</li>
+ </ul>
-[[Data transformation (statistics)|Data transformations]] can be used to convert an equation into a linear form. For example, the [[Cobb–Douglas production function|Cobb–Douglas function]]—often used in economics—is nonlinear:
+== blue Timberland Shoes Sydney Stores ==
-:<math>Y=AL^{\alpha}K^{\beta}\varepsilon \,</math>
-But it can be expressed in linear form by taking the [[natural logarithm]] of both sides:{{sfn|Kennedy|2003|p=110}}
+They learn to separate themselves using their environment. With the stability in temperature, no things get affected because of change in the outside temperature in environment. Her father hugged her and told her not to forget how much he loved her. My mistake! i've one x16 (blue) and one x4 (black) graphic slots! i've only one GC and it is in the blue x16 slot, i did not change anything since i bought the comp, didn't update the bios, and that i don't know if something changed since the [http://www.the-shadowlands.net/cp/Scripts/ASP/Counter/comment.asp?t=52 Timberland Shoes Sydney Stores] begging because i saw the problem in the nvidia control panel last week where it states that the bus is pci e x4! i played games like Crysis (medium), COD4 (high), NFS prostreet (high) etc but with low antialiasing, also i work some 3d programs! i searched the web about this problem and there are many like me with the same problem!. <br><br>What he did know was how you can hire knowledgeable people and then hold them accountable to the overall success of the organization. This is done vice versa where a site may use your sites contents and thus can you to his or her site. And rival wsbk. <br><br>Now powering over 17% of the Web, WordPress is becoming increasingly the content management system (CMS) preferred by the average user. "I was really surprised that, as a mother myself, I didn't fully realize that much about what was happening imprisonment in terms of parenting," McShane says. <br><br>It had been only recently that both he and his younger siblings had stopped flinching in anxiety about [http://www.ozbrew.com/data/backup.asp?j=62 Nike Jordan Heels] being bombed every time they heard an airplane fly overhead. They can help with most software packages and are registered QuickBooks Professional Advisors. Marija Cvetanovic's present position is Post Doctoral Fellow, Neurology, Northwestern University. <br><br>Rational marijuana policy, SAM [http://www.feesmartnetwork.com.au/PageSys/banner.asp?m=34-Mbt-Masai-Singapore Mbt Masai Singapore] says, precludes relying "only on the criminal justice system to deal with people whose only crime is smoking or possessing a small amount of marijuana" and the group requires small time possession to be decriminalized, but "subject to a mandatory health screening an marijuana education program." The SAM version of decrim also includes referrals to treatment "if needed" and probation for approximately a year "to prevent further drug abuse.". <br><br>Not the convenient interface. They said any final decision would be produced in "consultation with the community and the agreement from the council".. Some of my favorite pieces were the navy blue skinny trousers versatile [http://www.jpca.com.au/images/common/footer.asp?vibram=6 Vibram Five Fingers Australia Sale] and can easily transition from a meeting or lunch to an art show and even date! The monochrome tuxedo track pants were additionally a favorite of mine much swag!.<ul>
-<math>ln Y=ln A + \alpha ln L + \beta lnK + ln\varepsilon</math>
+   <li>[http://www.24fen.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=112715&fromuid=13059 http://www.24fen.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=112715&fromuid=13059]</li>
+   <li>[http://enseignement-lsf.com/spip.php?article64#forum18115208 http://enseignement-lsf.com/spip.php?article64#forum18115208]</li>
+   <li>[http://www.yy29600.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=204081 http://www.yy29600.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=204081]</li>
+   <li>[http://13123188787.com/news/html/?22947.html http://13123188787.com/news/html/?22947.html]</li>
+   <li>[http://shufazg.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=404211&fromuid=119151 http://shufazg.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=404211&fromuid=119151]</li>
+ </ul>
-This assumption also covers specification issues: assuming that the proper [[functional form]] has been selected and there are no [[Omitted-variable bias|omitted variables]].
+== SS Mbt Sandals Women ==
-====Expected error is zero====
+SS: The Onion web site suggests the Review [http://www.feesmartnetwork.com.au/PageSys/banner.asp?m=89-Mbt-Sandals-Women Mbt Sandals Women] is a positive idea because now people could be completely caught up on the news without even learning how to read. Pissed me off, to be honest. He has this poem known as the Pill and the Springhill Mining Disaster. And its basic message is that the prevention of human life from the woman going on the pill isn't any different than this mine disaster that killed a lot of people.<br><br>That is one reason why many analysts are projecting San Francisco as a potential luxury pick for that 49ers. Lattimore could easily be a first round pick had his health not been in question. At his size (6 218 lbs), Lattimore may be the feature back within his first couple of years on the NFL.<br><br>Health Minister Tony Ryall and associate Health Minister Tariana Turia have both been briefed on the lawsuit, which asked our prime court to rule the ministry's approach to approving smokerfriendly areas was wrong. Additionally, it asked the court to overturn the decision which allowed smoking within the Diamond Lounge  or to force it with the approval process again.<br><br>You want to go outside with your winter jacket or your heavy sweatshirt? you think you can share your blocks or perhaps your trucks with your brother? children to positive choices helps children think on their own. It allows children to exercise their making decisions skills and focuses them around the task at hand. Offering choices shows respect for a kid need for independence. This will ultimately help parents interact with their children and bring more peace to their home. Read our full Terms of Service.<br><br>It's my hope when i start the group that we'll meet regularly, make new friends, and uncover some fabulous new eateries. Suggestions are always welcome. If you [http://www.venueinduct.com.au/cp/Scripts/ASP/Chat/filer.asp?r=14 Cheap Ray Ban Glasses Australia] want to host an event, that, too, is welcome. I've started this group to fill a void created by the closing of a group having a similar focus. It is my hope that we'll meet regularly with input from many voices.<br><br>The Partnerships and Professional Placements Office is responsible for the organisation of the professional placements for an additional Faculty of Education programmes:Please be aware that placements for the Master of Psychology (Counselling) or Master of Psychology (Educational and Developmental) programs aren't managed by the Partnerships and Professional Placements Office. For further information please visit the Clinical placements for psychology students website.<br><br>Planificateur M Interactif / Interactive Media Planner at Nurun, Planificateur M S / Senior Media Planner at Gallant Leaman Green, Acheteur M Traditionnel et Interactif  Traditionnal and Interactive Media Buyer at Initiative, [http://www.paceappointments.com.au/schedule/section.asp?l=69 Longchamp Outlet Sydney] Repr publicitaire Interactif / Interactive Sales Representative at 24/7 and Summum Media, Planificateur  Acheteur M Interactif / Interactive Media [http://www.gillmanrealestate.com/newsletter/session.php?f=194-Cheap-Nike-Free-Runs-Online Cheap Nike Free Runs Online] Planner / Buyer at Marketel, Planificateur M / Traditional Media Planner at Marketel / Cossette / Optimedia, Assistant Planner at Cossette Media, Assistant Planificateur at ZenithOptimedia, Estimator at Doner Canada<ul>
-:<math>\operatorname{E}[\,\varepsilon\,] = 0.</math>
-The expected value of the error term is assumed to be zero. This assumption can be violated if the measurement of the dependent variable is consistently positive or negative. The mis-measurement will bias the estimation of the intercept parameter, but the slope parameters will remain unbiased.{{sfn|Kennedy|2003|p=129}}
+   <li>[http://liuxueba.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=54671&fromuid=2848 http://liuxueba.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=54671&fromuid=2848]</li>
-The intercept may also be biased if there is a logarithmic transformation. See the Cobb-Douglas equation above. The multiplicative error term will not have a mean of 0, so this assumption will be violated.{{sfn|Kennedy|2003|p=131}}
+   <li>[http://www.juzibuy.com/lt/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=841911&extra= http://www.juzibuy.com/lt/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=841911&extra=]</li>
-This assumption can also be violated in [[limited dependent variable]] models. In such cases, both the intercept and slope parameters may be biased.{{sfn|Kennedy|2003|p=130}}
+   <li>[http://www.nar.ru/forum/activity http://www.nar.ru/forum/activity]</li>
-====Spherical errors====
+   <li>[http://bqlchaoshi.com/news/html/?68688.html http://bqlchaoshi.com/news/html/?68688.html]</li>
-:<math>\operatorname{Var}[\,\varepsilon|X\,] = \sigma^2 I_n,</math>
-Error terms are assumed to be spherical otherwise the OLS estimator is inefficient.  The OLS estimator remains unbiased, however. Spherical errors occur when errors have both uniform variance ([[homoscedasticity]]) and are uncorrelated with each other.{{sfn|Kennedy|2003|p=133}} The term "spherical errors" will describe the multivariate normal distribution: if <math>\operatorname{Var}[\,\varepsilon|X\,] = \sigma^2 I_n</math> in the multivariate normal density, then the equation f(x)=c is the formula for a “ball” centered at μ with radius σ in n-dimensional space.{{sfn|Greene|2012|p=23-note}}
+   <li>[http://bbs.17caomei.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=431758&fromuid=3567 http://bbs.17caomei.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=431758&fromuid=3567]</li>
-Heteroskedacity occurs when the amount of error is correlated with an independent variable. For example, in a regression on food expenditure and income, the error is correlated with income.  Low income people generally spend a similar amount on food, while high income people may spend a very large amount or as little as low income people spend. Heteroskedacity can also be caused by changes in measurement practices. For example, as statistical offices improve their data, measurement error decreases, so the error term declines over time.
+ </ul>
-This assumption is violated when there is [[autocorrelation]].  Autocorrelation can be visualized on a data plot when a given observation is more likely to lie above a fitted line if adjacent observations also lie above the fitted regression line. Autocorrelation is common in time series data where a data series may experience "inertia."{{sfn|Greene|2010|p=22}} If a dependent variable takes a while to fully absorb a shock. Spatial autocorrelation can also occur geographic areas are likely to have similar errors. Autocorrelation may be the result of misspecification such as choosing the wrong functional form. In these cases, correcting the specification is one possible way to deal with autocorrelation.
-In the presence of non-spherical errors, the generalized least squares estimator can be shown to be BLUE.{{sfn|Kennedy|2003|p=135}}
-====Exogeneity of independent variables====
-:<math>\operatorname{E}[\,\varepsilon|X\,] = 0.</math>
-This assumption is violated if the variables are [[Endogeneity (economics)|endogenous]]. Endogeneity can be the result of [[simultaneity]], where causality flows back and forth between both the dependent and independent variable. [[Instrumental variable]] techniques are commonly used to address this problem.
-====Full rank====
-The sample data matrix must have full [[Rank (linear algebra)|rank]] or OLS cannot be estimated. There must be at least one observation for every parameter being estimated and the data cannot have perfect multicollinearity.{{sfn|Kennedy|2003|p=205}} Perfect multicollinearity will occur in a "dummy variable trap" when a base dummy variable is not omitted resulting in perfect correlation between the dummy variables and the constant term.
-Multicollinearity (as long as it is not "perfect") can be present resulting in a less efficient, but still unbiased estimate.
-==Methods==
-{{see also|Methodology of econometrics}}
-''Applied econometrics'' uses theoretical econometrics and real-world [[economic data|data]] for assessing economic theories, developing [[econometric model]]s, analyzing [[economic history]], and [[economic forecast|forecasting]].<ref>[[Clive Granger]] (2008). "forecasting,"
-''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_F000161&edition=current&q=forecast&topicid=&result_number=7 Abstract.]</ref>
-Econometrics may use standard [[statistical model]]s to study economic questions, but most often they are with [[observational study|observational]] data, rather than in [[experiment|controlled experiments]]. In this, the design of observational studies in econometrics is similar to the design of studies in other observational disciplines, such as astronomy, epidemiology, sociology and political science. Analysis of data from an observational study is guided by the study protocol, although [[Exploratory data analysis|exploratory]] [[data analysis]] may by useful for generating new hypotheses.<ref>[[Herman Wold|Herman O. Wold]] (1969). "Econometrics as Pioneering in Nonexperimental Model Building," ''Econometrica'', 37(3), pp. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1912787 369]-381.</ref> Economics often analyzes systems of equations and inequalities, such as [[supply and demand]] hypothesized to be in [[equilibrium (economics)|equilibrium]]. Consequently, the field of econometrics has developed methods for [[parameter identification problem|identification]] and [[estimation theory|estimation]] of [[simultaneous equation methods (econometrics)|simultaneous-equation models]]. These methods are analogous to methods used in other areas of science, such as the field of [[system identification]] in [[systems analysis]] and [[control theory]].  Such  methods may allow researchers to estimate models and investigate their empirical consequences, without directly manipulating the system.
-One of the fundamental statistical methods used by econometricians is [[regression analysis]].<ref>For an overview of a linear implementation of this framework, see [[linear regression]].</ref> Regression methods are important in econometrics because economists typically cannot use [[Contrived experiment|controlled experiments]]. Econometricians often seek illuminating [[natural experiment]]s in the absence of evidence from controlled experiments. Observational data may be subject to [[omitted-variable bias]] and a list of other problems that must be addressed using causal analysis of simultaneous-equation models.<ref>Edward E. Leamer (2008). "specification problems in econometrics," ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics''. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_S000200&edition=current&q=Specification%20problems%20in%20econometrics&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract.]</ref>
-===Experimental economics===
-In recent decades, econometricians have increasingly turned to use of [[experimental economics|experiments]] to evaluate the often-contradictory conclusions of observational studies. Here, controlled and randomized experiments provide statistical inferences that may yield better empirical performance than do purely observational studies.<ref>• H. Wold 1954. "Causality and Econometrics," ''[[Econometrica]]'', 22(2), p [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1907540 p. 162]-177.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; • Kevin D. Hoover (2008). "causality in economics and econometrics," ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_C000569&q=experimental%20methods%20in%20economics&topicid=&result_number=11 Abstract] and [http://econ.duke.edu/~kdh9/Source%20Materials/Research/Palgrave_Causality_Final.pdf galley proof.]</ref>
-===Data===
-[[Data set]]s to which econometric analyses are applied can be classified as [[time-series data]], [[cross-sectional data]], [[panel data]], and [[multidimensional panel data]].  Time-series data sets contain observations over time; for example, inflation over the course of several years. Cross-sectional data sets contain observations at a single point in time; for example, many individuals' incomes in a given year.  Panel data sets contain both time-series and cross-sectional observations. Multi-dimensional panel data sets contain observations across time, cross-sectionally, and across some third dimension. For example, the [[Survey of Professional Forecasters]] contains forecasts for many forecasters (cross-sectional observations), at many points in time (time series observations), and at multiple forecast horizons (a third dimension).
-===Instrumental variables===
-In many econometric contexts, the commonly-used [[ordinary least squares]] method may not recover the theoretical relation desired or may produce estimates with poor statistical properties, because the assumptions for valid use of the method are violated. One widely used remedy is the method of [[instrumental variable]]s (IV). For an economic model described by more than one equation, [[Simultaneous equations model|simultaneous-equation methods]] may be used to remedy similar problems, including two IV variants, Two-Stage Least Squares ([[2SLS]]), and Three-Stage Least Squares ([[3SLS]]).<ref>[[Peter Kennedy (economist)]] (2003). ''A Guide to Econometrics'', 5th ed. [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=9577 Description],  [http://books.google.com/books?id=B8I5SP69e4kC&printsec=find&pg=PR5=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false preview], and [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=9577&mode=toc TOC], ch. 9, 10, 13, and 18.</ref>
-===Computational methods===
-[[Computational economics|Computational concerns]] are important for evaluating econometric methods and for use in decision making.<ref>• Keisuke Hirano (2008). "decision theory in econometrics," ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_D000244&edition=current&q=Computational%20economics&topicid=&result_number=19 Abstract].<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[James O. Berger]] (2008). "statistical decision theory," ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition.  [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_S000251&edition=&field=keyword&q=statistical%20decision%20theory&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract.]</ref> Such concerns include [[mathematics|mathematical]] [[well-posed problem|well-posedness]]: the [[existence]], [[uniqueness]], and [[stability theory|stability]] of any solutions to econometric equations. Another concern is the numerical efficiency and accuracy of software.<ref>B. D. McCullough and H. D. Vinod (1999). "The Numerical Reliability of Econometric Software," ''Journal of Economic Literature'', 37(2), pp. [http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~bdm25/jel.pdf 633-665].</ref> A third concern is also the usability of [[econometric software]].<ref>• Vassilis A. Hajivassiliou (2008). "computational methods in econometrics," ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_C000559&edition=current&q=&result_number=1 Abstract.]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Richard E. Quandt]] (1983). "Computational Problems and Methods,"  ch. 12, in ''Handbook of Econometrics'', v. 1, pp. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1573441283010168 699]-764.<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Ray C. Fair]] (1996). "Computational Methods for Macroeconometric Models," ''Handbook of Computational Economics'', v. 1, pp. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574002196010052143]-169.</ref>
-===Structural econometrics===
-Structural econometrics extends the ability of researchers to analyze data by using economic models as the lens through which to view the data. The benefit of this approach is that any policy recommendations are not subject to the [[Lucas critique]] since counter-factual analyses take an agent's re-optimization into account. Structural econometric analyses begin with an economic model that captures the salient features of the agents under investigation. The researcher then searches for parameters of the model that match the outputs of the model to the data. There are two ways of doing this. The first requires the researcher to completely solve the model and then use [[maximum likelihood]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rust |first=John |title=Optimal Replacement of GMC Bus Engines: An Empirical Model of Harold Zurcher |journal=[[Econometrica]] |volume=55 |issue=5 |year=1987 |pages=999–1033 |jstor=1911259 }}</ref> However, there have been many advances that can bypass the full solution of the model and that estimate models in two stages. Importantly, these methods allow the researcher to consider more complicated models with strategic interactions and multiple equilibria.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hotz |first=V. Joseph |last2=Miller |first2=Robert A. |title=Conditional Choice Probabilities and the Estimation of Dynamic Models |journal=[[Review of Economic Studies]] |volume=60 |issue=3 |year=1993 |pages=497–529 |jstor=2298122 }}</ref>
-A good example of structural econometrics is in the estimation of [[First-price sealed-bid auction|first price sealed bid auctions]] with independent private values.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Guerre|first=E.|last2=Perrigne|first2=I.|last3=Vuong|first3=Q.|title=Optimal Nonparametric Estimation of First Price Auctions|journal=[[Econometrica]]|volume=68|issue=3|year=2000|pages=525–574|doi=10.1111/1468-0262.00123 }}</ref> The key difficulty with bidding data from these auctions is that bids only partially reveal information on the underlying valuations, bids shade the underlying valuations. One would like to estimate these valuations in order to understand the magnitude of profits each bidder makes. More importantly, it is necessary to have the valuation distribution in hand to engage in [[mechanism design]]. In a first price sealed bid auction the expected payoff of a bidder is given by:
-:<math> (v-b)\Pr(b\ \textrm{wins}) </math>
-where v is the bidder valuation, b is the bid. The optimal bid <math>b^*</math> solves a first order condition:
-:<math> (v-b^*)\frac{\partial \Pr(b^*\ \textrm{wins})}{\partial b}-\Pr(b^*\ \textrm{wins})=0 </math>
-which can be re-arranged to yield the following equation for <math>v</math>
-:<math> v=b^*+\frac{\Pr(b^*\ \textrm{wins})}{\partial \Pr(b^*\ \textrm{wins})/\partial b} </math>
-Notice that the probability that a bid wins an auction can be estimated from a data set of completed auctions, where all bids are observed. This can be done using simple [[Kernel regression|non-parametric estimators]]. If all bids are observed, it is then possible to use the above relation and the estimated probability function and its derivative to point wise estimate the underlying valuation. This will then allow the investigator to estimate the valuation distribution.
-==Example==
-A simple example of a relationship in econometrics from the field of [[labor economics]] is:
-:<math> \ln(\text{wage}) = \beta_0 + \beta_1 (\text{years of education}) + \varepsilon. </math>
-This example assumes that the [[natural logarithm]] of a person's wage is a linear function of the number of years of education that person has acquired. The parameter <math>\beta_1</math> measures the increase in the natural log of the wage attributable to one more year of education.    The term <math>\varepsilon</math> is a random variable representing all other factors that may have direct influence on wage. The econometric goal is to estimate the parameters, <math>\beta_0 \mbox{ and } \beta_1 </math> under specific assumptions about the random variable <math>\varepsilon</math>. For example, if <math>\varepsilon</math> is uncorrelated with years of education, then the equation can be estimated with [[linear regression|ordinary least squares]].
-If the researcher could randomly assign people to different levels of education, the data set thus generated would allow estimation of the effect of changes in years of education on wages. In reality, those experiments cannot be conducted. Instead, the econometrician observes the years of education of and the wages paid to people who differ along many dimensions. Given this kind of data, the estimated coefficient on Years of Education in the equation above reflects both the effect of education on wages and the effect of other variables on wages, if those other variables were correlated with education. For example, people born in certain places may have higher wages and higher levels of education. Unless the econometrician controls for place of birth in the above equation, the effect of birthplace on wages may be falsely attributed to the effect of education on wages.
-The most obvious way to control for birthplace is to include a measure of the effect of birthplace in the equation above. Exclusion of birthplace, together with the assumption that <math>\epsilon</math> is uncorrelated with education produces a misspecified model. Another technique is to include in the equation additional set of measured covariates which are not instrumental variables, yet render <math>\beta_1</math> identifiable.<ref name=pearl00>{{cite book |first=Judea |last=Pearl |year=2000 |title=Causality: Model, Reasoning, and Inference |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= |isbn=0521773628 }}</ref>  An overview of econometric methods used to study this problem were provided by [[David Card|Card]] (1999).<ref name=Card:00>{{cite book |first=David |last=Card |year=1999 |chapter=The Causal Effect of Education on Earning |editor-last=Ashenfelter |editor-first=O. |editor2-last=Card |editor2-first=D. |title=Handbook of Labor Economics |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Elsevier |pages=1801–1863 |isbn=0444822895 }}</ref>
-==Journals==
-The main journals which publish work in econometrics are ''[[Econometrica]]'', the ''[[Journal of Econometrics]]'', the ''[[Review of Economics and Statistics]]'', ''[[Econometric Theory]]'', the ''[[Journal of Applied Econometrics]]'', ''[[Econometric Reviews]]'', the ''[[Econometrics Journal]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1368-4221 |title=The Econometrics Journal - Wiley Online Library |publisher=Wiley.com |date= |accessdate=2013-10-08}}</ref> ''[[Applied Econometrics and International Development]]'', the ''[[Journal of Business & Economic Statistics]]'', and the ''[http://www.iospress.nl/html/07479662.php Journal of Economic and Social Measurement]''.
-==Limitations and criticisms==
-{{see also|Criticisms of econometrics}}
-Like other forms of statistical analysis, badly specified econometric models may show a [[spurious correlation]] where two variables are correlated but causally unrelated. In a study of the use of econometrics in major economics journals, [[Deidre McCloskey|McCloskey]]  concluded that economists report [[p value]]s (following the [[Ronald A. Fisher|Fisherian]] tradition of [[tests of significance]] of point [[null hypothesis|null-hypotheses]]), neglecting concerns of [[type II error]]s; economists fail to report estimates of the size of effects (apart from [[statistical significance]]) and to discuss their economic importance.  Economists also fail to use economic reasoning for [[model selection]], especially for deciding which variables to include in a regression.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Loss Function has been mislaid: the Rhetoric of Significance Tests|last=McCloskey|journal=American Economic Review|date=May 1985|volume=75|issue=2}}</ref><ref>[[Stephen Ziliak|Stephen T. Ziliak]] and [[Deirdre McCloskey|Deirdre N. McCloskey]] (2004). "Size Matters: The Standard Error of Regressions in the ''American Economic Review''," ''Journal of Socio-economics'', 33(5), pp. [http://faculty.roosevelt.edu/Ziliak/doc/Size%20Matters%20Journal%20of%20Socio-Economics%20Ziliak%20and%20McCloskey.pdf 527-46] (press '''+''').</ref>
-In some cases, economic variables cannot be experimentally manipulated as treatments randomly assigned to subjects.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Leamer|first=Edward|title=Let's Take the Con out of Econometrics|journal=American Economic Review|date=March 1983|volume=73|issue=1|url=http://www.jstor.org/pss/1803924|page=34}}</ref> In such cases, economists rely on [[observational studies]], often using data sets with many strongly associated [[covariate]]s, resulting in enormous numbers of models with similar explanatory ability but different covariates and regression estimates. Regarding the plurality of models compatible with observational data-sets, [[Edward Leamer]] urged that "professionals ... properly withhold belief until an inference can be shown to be adequately insensitive to the choice of assumptions".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Leamer|first=Edward|title=Let's Take the Con out of Econometrics|journal=American Economic Review|date=March 1983|volume=73|issue=1|url=http://www.jstor.org/pss/1803924|page=43}}</ref>
-Economists from the [[Austrian School]] argue that aggregate economic models are not well suited to describe economic reality because they waste a large part of specific knowledge. [[Friedrich Hayek]] in his ''[[The Use of Knowledge in Society]]'' argued that "knowledge of the particular circumstances of time and place" is not easily aggregated and is often ignored by professional economists.<ref>Robert F. Garnett. ''What Do Economists Know? New Economics of Knowledge''. Routledge, 1999. ISBN 978-0-415-15260-0. p. 170</ref><ref>G. M. P. Swann. ''Putting Econometrics in Its Place: A New Direction in Applied Economics''. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-1-84720-776-0. p. 62-64</ref>
-==Notable econometricians==
-*[[James Ball (economist)|Sir James Ball]]
-*[[James Durbin]]
-*[[William Greene]]
-*[[Lars Peter Hansen]]
-*[[Jerry Hausman]]
-*[[Fumio Hayashi]]
-*[[David Forbes Hendry]]
-*[[James Heckman]]
-*[[Lawrence Klein]]
-*[[CEV Leser]]
-*[[Halbert White]]
-==See also==
-{{Commons category|Econometrics}}
-* [[Augmented Dickey–Fuller test]]
-* [[Choice modelling]]
-* [[Cowles Foundation]]
-* [[Econometric software]]
-* [[Financial modeling]]
-* [[Granger causality]]
-* [[List of publications in economics#Econometrics|Important publications in econometrics]]
-* [[Macroeconomic model]]
-* [[Methodological individualism]]
-* [[Predetermined variables]]
-* [[Single equation methods (econometrics)]]
-* [[Spatial econometrics]]
-* [[Unit root]]
-==Notes==
-{{reflist|30em}}
-==References==
-* ''Handbook of Econometrics'' Elsevier. Links to volume chapter-preview links:<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Zvi Griliches]] and Michael D. Intriligator, ed. (1983). [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/handbooks/15734412/1 v. 1]; (1984),[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/handbooks/15734412/2 v. 2]; (1986), [http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/601080/description#description description], [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/handbooks/15734412/3 v. 3]; (1994), [http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/601081/description#description description], [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/handbooks/15734412/4 v. 4]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Robert F. Engle]] and [[Daniel L. McFadden]], ed. (2001).[http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/601082/description#description Description],  [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/handbooks/15734412/5 v. 5]<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[James J. Heckman]] and [[Edward E. Leamer]], ed. (2007). [http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/712946/description#description Description], [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/handbooks/15734412/6/part/PA v. 6A] & [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/handbooks/15734412/6/part/PB v. 6B]
-* ''Handbook of Statistics'', v. 11, ''Econometrics'' (1993), Elsevier. Links to first-page chapter [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/handbooks/01697161/11 previews.]
-* ''[[International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences]]'' (2001), Statistics, "Econometrics and Time Series," [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=RefWorkIndexURL&_idxType=SC&_cdi=23486&_refWorkId=21&_explode=151000377,151000380&_alpha=&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_userid=10&md5=10d43da5ed3104bf3d8bb99f72c80e11&refID=151000380#151000380 links] to first-page previews of 21 articles.
-* Angrist, Joshua & Pischke, Jörn‐Steffen (2010). "The Credibility Revolution in Empirical Economics: How Better Research Design Is Taking the Con out of Econometrics''],  24(2), , pp.&nbsp;3–30.  [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aea/jep/2010/00000024/00000002/art00001 Abstract.]
-* Eatwell,  John, ''et al.'', eds. (1990).  ''Econometrics: The New Palgrave''.  Article-preview [http://books.google.com/books?id=gBsgr7BPJsoC&dq=econometrics&printsec=find&pg=PR5=false#v=onepage&q&f=false links] (from ''[[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]], 1987).
-* {{cite journal |url=http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com.proxyau.wrlc.org/article?id=pde2008_E000007| first1=John | year=2008 | last1=Geweke| first2=Joel |last2=Horowitz|first3=Hashem|last3=Pesaran| title=Econometrics|work=The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics|editor1-first=Steven N.|editor1-last=Durlauf|editor2-first=Lawrence E.|editor2-last=Blume| publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|doi=10.1057/9780230226203.0425|ref=harv}}
-* Greene, William H. (1999, 4th ed.) ''Econometric Analysis'', Prentice Hall.
-* [[Fumio Hayashi|Hayashi, Fumio]]. (2000) ''Econometrics'', Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01018-8 Description and contents [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/6946.html links.]
-* [[James D. Hamilton|Hamilton, James D.]] (1994) ''Time Series Analysis'', Princeton University Press. [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/5386.html Description] and [http://books.google.com/books/p/princeton?id=B8_1UBmqVUoC&printsec=frontcover&cd=1&source=gbs_ViewAPI&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false preview.]
-* Hughes Hallett, Andrew J. "Econometrics and the Theory of Economic Policy: The Tinbergen-Theil Contributions 40 Years On," ''Oxford Economic Papers'' (1989) 41#1 pp 189–214
-* Kelejian, Harry H., and Wallace E. Oates (1989, 3rd ed.) ''Introduction to Econometrics''.
-* {{cite book | last = Kennedy | first = Peter | title = A guide to econometrics | publisher = MIT Press | location = Cambridge, Mass | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-262-61183-1|ref=harv }}
-* Russell Davidson and [[James G. MacKinnon]] (2004). ''Econometric Theory and Methods.'' New York: Oxford University Press. [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Economics/Econometrics/~~/dmlldz11c2EmY2k9OTc4MDE5NTEyMzcyMg==?view=usa&ci=9780195123722#Description Description.]
-* Mills, Terence C., and Kerry Patterson, ed. ''Palgrave Handbook of Econometrics'':
-:(2007) v. 1: ''Econometric Theory''v. 1. [http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?pid=269866 Links] to description and contents.
-:(2009) v. 2, ''Applied Econometrics''. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-1799-7 [http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?PID=267962 Links] to description and contents.
-* [[Judea Pearl|Pearl, Judea]] (2009, 2nd ed.). ''Causality: Models, Reasoning and Inference'', Cambridge University Press, [http://books.google.com/books?id=wnGU_TsW3BQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Description], [http://bayes.cs.ucla.edu/BOOK-09/book-toc-final.pdf TOC], and preview, [http://books.google.com/books?id=wnGU_TsW3BQC&printsec=find&pg=PR7=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false ch. 1-10] and [http://bayes.cs.ucla.edu/BOOK-09/ch11-toc-plus-p331-final.pdf ch. 11]. 5 economics-journal [http://bayes.cs.ucla.edu/BOOK-2K/ reviews], including Kevin D. Hoover, ''Economics Journal''.
-* Pindyck, Robert S., and Daniel L. Rubinfeld (1998, 4th ed.). ''Econometric Methods and Economic Forecasts'', McGraw-Hill.
-* Studenmund, A.H. (2011, 6th ed.). ''Using Econometrics: A Practical Guide''. Contents (chapter-preview) [http://www.coursesmart.com/9780131367760/chap01 links.]
-* Wooldridge, Jeffrey (2003).  ''Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach.''  Mason: Thomson South-Western.  ISBN 0-324-11364-1 Chapter-preview links in [http://books.google.com/books?id=64vt5TDBNLwC&printsec=find&pg=PR3=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false brief] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=64vt5TDBNLwC&printsec=find&pg=PR4=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false detail.]
-==Further reading==
-* [[wikibooks:Econometric Theory|Econometric Theory book on Wikibooks]]
-* Giovanini, Enrico [http://www.oecd.org/statistics/understandingeconomicstatistics ''Understanding Economic Statistics''], OECD Publishing, 2008, ISBN 978-92-64-03312-2
-==External links==
-{{Wiktionary}}
-* [http://jfec.oxfordjournals.org/ Journal of Financial Econometrics]
-* [http://www.econometricsociety.org Econometric Society]
-* [http://www.ectj.org The Econometrics Journal]
-* [http://www.econometriclinks.com Econometric Links]
-* [http://www.economicsnetwork.ac.uk/subjects/econometrics.htm Teaching Econometrics] (Index by the [[Economics Network]] (UK))
-* [http://www.aea-eu.com Applied Econometric Association]
-* [http://sofie.stern.nyu.edu/ The Society for Financial Econometrics]
-* [http://philpapers.org/rec/BRACAI-3 The interview with Clive Granger - Nobel winner in 2003, about econometrics]
-{{Economics}}
-[[Category:Econometrics| ]]
-[[Category:Mathematical and quantitative methods (economics)]]
-[[Category:Formal sciences]]
-{{Link FA|ru}}

Econometrics: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:37, 14 February 2014

Unchecked Jeremy Scott Adidas Wings Australia

apparently Nike Runners Online Australia

diabetes Nike Shox Size 13

2011 Source Nike Shox Rivalry Mens Running Shoes

Thus Cheap Michael Kors Hamilton Tote

blue Timberland Shoes Sydney Stores

SS Mbt Sandals Women

Navigation menu

Search