Elimination rate constant: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Magnetic lens.jpg|thumb|]]
[[Image:Magnetic lens .png|right|200px]]
[[File:Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratorium 17.jpg|thumb|A subtype of a magnetic lens ([[quadrupole magnet]]) in the Maier-Leibnitz laboratory, Munich]]
{{See also|Strong focusing}}
A '''magnetic lens''' is a device for the focusing or deflection of moving [[charged particles]], such as [[electron]]s or [[ion]]s, by use of the magnetic [[Lorentz force]]. Its strength can often be varied by usage of [[electromagnet]]s. Magnetic lenses are used in diverse applications, from [[cathode ray tube]]s over [[electron microscopy]] to [[particle accelerator]]s.


A magnetic lens typically consists of several electromagnets arranged in a [[quadrupole]] (see [[quadrupole magnet]]), [[sextupole magnet|sextupole]], or higher format; the [[electromagnetic coil]]s are placed at the vertices of a square or another [[regular polygon]]. From this configuration a customized magnetic field can be formed to manipulate the [[particle beam]].


The passing particle is subjected to two vector forces <math>H_Z</math> (parallel to the core), and <math>H_R</math> (parallel to the radius of the lens). <math>H_Z</math> causes the particle to spiral through the lens, and this spiraling expose the electron to <math>H_R</math> which in turn focus the electron. Note that the magnetic field is inhomogeneous, particles close to the center are less strongly deflected than those passing the lens far from the axis.<ref>Hafner B., 2008, ''Introductory Transmission Electron Microscopy Primer,'' Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota - "[http://www.charfac.umn.edu/instruments/tem_primer.pdf Reference]"</ref>
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== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
*: {{cite book
|title= Electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the electron microscope
|last1= Egerton |first1= R. F. |authorlink1=
  |edition= 2nd
|year=1996
|publisher= [[Springer Verlag]]
|location=
|isbn= 9780306452239
|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=ieMqIzeHdC4C&printsec=frontcover
}}
*: {{Cite journal | author = John M. Rodenburg |title =  Electron microscopy and analysis 1997 |journal = Proc. Institute of Physics Electron Microscopy and Analysis Group Conf., Cavendish Laboratory |date = 2-5 September 1997 | publisher = Institute of Physics}}
{{Refend}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}
 
[[Category:Types of magnets]]
[[Category:Accelerator physics]]
[[Category:Optics]]<!-- Tenuous, but we don't have anything obvious and more relevant -->
 
{{electromagnetism-stub}}
{{accelerator-stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:34, 7 February 2014


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