Exposure (photography)

The equivalent rectangular bandwidth or ERB is a measure used in psychoacoustics, which gives an approximation to the bandwidths of the filters in human hearing, using the unrealistic but convenient simplification of modeling the filters as rectangular band-pass filters.

Approximations

For moderate sound levels and young listeners, the bandwidth of human auditory filters can be approximated by the polynomial equation:

where f is the center frequency of the filter in kHz and ERB(f) is the bandwidth of the filter in Hz. The approximation is based on the results of a number of published simultaneous masking experiments and is valid from 0.1 to 6.5 kHz.

The above approximation was given in 1983 by Moore and Glasberg, who in 1990 published another approximation:

where f is in kHz and ERB(f) is in Hz. The approximation is applicable at moderate sound levels and for values of f between 0.1 and 10 kHz.

ERB-rate scale

The ERB-rate scale, or simply ERB scale, can be defined as a function ERBS(f) which returns the number of equivalent rectangular bandwidths below the given frequency f. It can be constructed by solving the following differential system of equations:

${\begin{cases}\mathrm {ERBS} (0)=0\\{\frac {df}{d\mathrm {ERBS} (f)}}=\mathrm {ERB} (f)\\\end{cases}}$

The solution for ERBS(f) is the integral of the reciprocal of ERB(f) with the constant of integration set in such a way that ERBS(0) = 0.

Using the second order polynomial approximation (Template:EquationNote) for ERB(f) yields:

$\mathrm {ERBS} (f)=11.17\cdot \ln \left({\frac {f+0.312}{f+14.675}}\right)+43.0$

where f is in kHz. The VOICEBOX speech processing toolbox for MATLAB implements the conversion and its inverse as:

$\mathrm {ERBS} (f)=11.17268\cdot \ln \left(1+{\frac {46.06538\cdot f}{f+14678.49}}\right)$

$f={\frac {676170.4}{47.06538-e^{0.08950404\cdot \mathrm {ERBS} (f)}}}-14678.49$

where f is in Hz.

Using the linear approximation (Template:EquationNote) for ERB(f) yields:

$\mathrm {ERBS} (f)=21.4\cdot log_{10}(1+0.00437\cdot f)$

where f is in Hz.

See also

• Critical bands
• Bark scale

References

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External links

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