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In [[mathematics]], a '''character''' is (most commonly) a special kind of [[function (mathematics)|function]] from a [[group (mathematics)|group]] to a [[field (mathematics)|field]] (such as the [[complex numbers]]). There are at least two distinct, but overlapping meanings. Other uses of the word "character" are almost always qualified.


==Multiplicative character==
{{main|multiplicative character}}


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A '''multiplicative character''' (or '''linear character''', or simply '''character''') on a group ''G'' is a [[group homomorphism]] from ''G'' to the [[unit group|multiplicative group]] of a field {{Harv|Artin|1966}}, usually the field of [[complex numbers]]. If ''G'' is any group, then the set Ch(''G'') of these morphisms forms an [[abelian group]] under pointwise multiplication.
 
This group is referred to as the [[character group]] of ''G''. Sometimes only ''unitary'' characters are considered (thus the image is in the [[unit circle]]); other such homomorphisms are then called ''quasi-characters''. [[Dirichlet character]]s can be seen as a special case of this definition.
 
Multiplicative characters are [[linear independence|linearly independent]], i.e. if <math>\chi_1,\chi_2, \ldots , \chi_n </math> are different characters on a group ''G'' then from <math>a_1\chi_1+a_2\chi_2 + \ldots + a_n \chi_n = 0 </math> it follows that <math>a_1=a_2=\cdots=a_n=0 </math>.
 
==Character of a representation==
{{main|Character theory}}
The '''character of a representation''' ''φ'' of a group ''G'' on a finite-dimensional [[vector space]] ''V'' over a field ''F'' is the [[trace (matrix)|trace]] of the [[group representation|representation]] ''φ'' {{Harv|Serre|1977}}. In general, the trace is not a group homomorphism, nor does the set of traces form a group.  The characters of one-dimensional representations are identical to one-dimensional representations, so the above notion of multiplicative character can be seen as a special case of higher dimensional characters. The study of representations using characters is called "[[character theory]]" and one dimensional characters are also called "linear characters" within this context.
 
== See also ==
* [[Dirichlet character]]
* [[Harish-Chandra character]]
* [[Hecke character]]
* [[Infinitesimal character]]
* [[Alternating character]]
 
==References==
* {{citation|title=Galois Theory|note= Lectures Delivered at the University of Notre Dame|series=Notre Dame Mathematical Lectures, number 2|authorlink=Emil Artin|first=Emil|last= Artin|year=1966|publisher = Arthur Norton Milgram (Reprinted Dover Publications, 1997)|isbn=978-0-486-62342-9}}
* {{citation |authorlink=J.-P. Serre|first=Jean-Pierre|last= Serre | title=Linear Representations of Finite Groups | publisher=Springer-Verlag | year=1977 | isbn= 0-387-90190-6}}.
 
==External links==
* {{springer|title=Character of a group|id=p/c021560}}
* {{planetmath reference|id=1843|title=Character of a group representation}}
 
[[Category:Representation theory]]

Revision as of 16:25, 15 November 2013

In mathematics, a character is (most commonly) a special kind of function from a group to a field (such as the complex numbers). There are at least two distinct, but overlapping meanings. Other uses of the word "character" are almost always qualified.

Multiplicative character

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A multiplicative character (or linear character, or simply character) on a group G is a group homomorphism from G to the multiplicative group of a field Template:Harv, usually the field of complex numbers. If G is any group, then the set Ch(G) of these morphisms forms an abelian group under pointwise multiplication.

This group is referred to as the character group of G. Sometimes only unitary characters are considered (thus the image is in the unit circle); other such homomorphisms are then called quasi-characters. Dirichlet characters can be seen as a special case of this definition.

Multiplicative characters are linearly independent, i.e. if are different characters on a group G then from it follows that .

Character of a representation

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church. The character of a representation φ of a group G on a finite-dimensional vector space V over a field F is the trace of the representation φ Template:Harv. In general, the trace is not a group homomorphism, nor does the set of traces form a group. The characters of one-dimensional representations are identical to one-dimensional representations, so the above notion of multiplicative character can be seen as a special case of higher dimensional characters. The study of representations using characters is called "character theory" and one dimensional characters are also called "linear characters" within this context.

See also

References

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External links

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