Hurwitz's theorem (number theory): Difference between revisions

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The '''computed tomography dose index''' (CTDI) is a commonly used radiation exposure index in [[Computed tomography|X-ray computed tomography]] and is reported by the CT manufacturers to scan personnel for each exam. The CTDI can be used in conjunction with patient size to determine the [[absorbed dose]]. The CTDI and absorbed dose may differ by more than a factor of two for small patients such as children.<ref>{{cite journal|last=McCollough|first=C. H.|coauthors=Leng, S.; Yu, L.; Cody, D. D.; Boone, J. M.; McNitt-Gray, M. F.|title=CT Dose Index and Patient Dose: They Are Not the Same Thing|journal=Radiology|date=18 April 2011|volume=259|issue=2|pages=311–316|doi=10.1148/radiol.11101800|url=http://radiology.rsna.org/content/259/2/311.full|accessdate=22 June 2012}}</ref>


==Definitions==
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It is defined by the US [[Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS) as the average dose imparted by a single axial acquisition to a standard 100-mm pencil chamber dosimeter inside a PMMA phantom over the width of 14 CT slices:
 
<math>CTDI=\frac{1}{nT}\int_{-7T}^{7T}{D(z)dz}</math>
 
where <math>n</math> is the number of slices acquired, <math>T</math> is the slice thickness and <math>D(z)</math> is the [[radiation dose]] measured at position <math>z</math> along the scanner's main axis.
 
This equation is often used in a modified form
 
<math>CTDI_{100}=\frac{1}{nT}\int_{-50 mm}^{50 mm}{D_a(z)dz}</math>.
 
The dose absorbed in air <math>D_a(z)</math> can be conveniently assessed with a 100-mm standard pencil dose chamber. Typically, the dose distribution within the body cross section imparted by a CT scan is much more homogeneous than that imparted by radiography, but is still somewhat larger near the skin than in the body center. Therefore, a third measure, the ''weighted'' CTDI was introduced:
 
<math>CTDI_w=\frac{1}{3} CTDI_{100}^{central} + \frac{2}{3} CTDI_{100}^{peripheral}.</math>
 
Similar measures with yet wider chambers are useful for CT systems with large numbers of detector rows.<ref>[[#refGeleijns2009|Geleijns 2009]]</ref>
 
== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
== References ==
* <cite id=refRothenberg2000>Rothenberg, LN and Pentlow, KS (2000). "CT dosimetry and radiation safety", Categorical Course in Diagnostic Radiology Phyics: CT and US Cross-sectional Imaging, LW Goldman and JB Fowlkes, eds., pp171-188, RSNA, Oak Brook, IL</cite>
* <cite id=refGeleijns2009> J Geleijns, M Salvadó Artells, P W de Bruin, R Mather, Y Muramatsu and M F McNitt-Gray (2009). "Computed tomography dose assessment for a 160 mm wide, 320 detector row, cone beam CT scanner", Phys. Med. Biol. 54, pp3141-3159</cite>
 
[[Category:X-ray computed tomography]]

Latest revision as of 09:59, 11 October 2014


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