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A system is '''self-sustaining''' (or '''self-sufficient''') if it can  maintain itself by independent effort.  The system self-sustainability is:


# the degree at which the system can sustain itself without external support
# the fraction of time in which the system is  self-sustaining


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Self-sustainability is considered one of the [[list of system quality attributes|"ilities"]] and is closely related to [[sustainability]] and [[availability]].     In the Economics literature, a system that has the quality of being self-sustaining is also referred to as an [[autarky]].
 
==Formal definition==
 
'''1.'''  Let  <math>E</math> be a random variable that denotes the steady state number of external entities on which the system depends. Let <math>p(v) </math> be the probability that the system depends on <math>v</math> external entities,  <math>p(v)=P(E=v)</math>.  Then, the system self-sustainability, <math>S</math>,  is <math>S=p(0)</math>.
 
'''2.'''  Let <math>e_t</math> be the expected time during which the system is self-sustaining from time 0 up to time <math>t</math>. Then, the system self-sustainability is the steady state fraction of time in which it is self-sustaining,  <math>S=\lim_{t \rightarrow \infty} {e_t}/{t}</math>
 
==Examples==
 
===Political states===
 
[[Autarky]] exists whenever an entity can survive or continue its activities without external assistance. Autarky is not necessarily economic. For example, a military autarky would be a state that could defend itself without help from another country.
 
===Labor===
 
According to the Department of Labor of the state of  Idaho, an employed adult shall be considered self-sufficient if the family income exceeds 200% of the Office of Management and Budget poverty income level guidelines.<ref name="labor">IDAHO Department of Labor (1999). [http://labor.idaho.gov/wia1/policies/wiap7-99.pdf "Definition of Self-sufficiency."] Retrieved on 2010-06-26.</ref>
 
===Peer-to-peer swarming===
 
In peer-to-peer swarming systems, a swarm is self-sustaining if all the blocks  of its files are available among peers (excluding seeds and publishers).<ref name="p2p">Menasche, Rocha, de Souza e Silva, Leao, Towsley, Venkataramani (2010).  [http://arxiv.org/abs/1004.0395 "Estimating self-sustainability in peer-to-peer swarming systems"] Retrieved on 2010-06-26.</ref>
 
==Discussion==
 
===Self-sustainability and survivability===
 
Whereas self-sustainability is a quality of one’s independence, [[survivability]] applies to the future maintainability of one’s self-sustainability and indeed one’s existence.  Many believe that more self-sustainability guarantees a higher degree of survivability. But just as many oppose this, arguing that  it is not self-sustainability that is essential for survivability, but on the contrary specialization and thus dependence.<ref name="survival">What and Who is Self-Sufficient? by Katrien Vander Straeten</ref>
 
Consider the first two  examples presented above.  Among countries, commercial treats are as important as self-sustainability. An  [[autarky]] is usually inefficient.   Among people,  social ties have been shown to be correlated to happiness and success as much as self-sustainability.<ref name="SocialNets">{{youtube|id=6a_KF7TYKVc|title=Social Networks in Plain English}}</ref>
 
==Notes and references==
{{reflist|colwidth=25em}}
 
==See also==
* [[Availability]]
* [[List of system quality attributes]]
* [[Self-sufficiency]]
* [[Survivalism]]
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Self-Sustainability}}
[[Category:Applied probability]]

Revision as of 02:06, 11 January 2013

A system is self-sustaining (or self-sufficient) if it can maintain itself by independent effort. The system self-sustainability is:

  1. the degree at which the system can sustain itself without external support
  2. the fraction of time in which the system is self-sustaining

Self-sustainability is considered one of the "ilities" and is closely related to sustainability and availability. In the Economics literature, a system that has the quality of being self-sustaining is also referred to as an autarky.

Formal definition

1. Let be a random variable that denotes the steady state number of external entities on which the system depends. Let be the probability that the system depends on external entities, . Then, the system self-sustainability, , is .

2. Let be the expected time during which the system is self-sustaining from time 0 up to time . Then, the system self-sustainability is the steady state fraction of time in which it is self-sustaining,

Examples

Political states

Autarky exists whenever an entity can survive or continue its activities without external assistance. Autarky is not necessarily economic. For example, a military autarky would be a state that could defend itself without help from another country.

Labor

According to the Department of Labor of the state of Idaho, an employed adult shall be considered self-sufficient if the family income exceeds 200% of the Office of Management and Budget poverty income level guidelines.[1]

Peer-to-peer swarming

In peer-to-peer swarming systems, a swarm is self-sustaining if all the blocks of its files are available among peers (excluding seeds and publishers).[2]

Discussion

Self-sustainability and survivability

Whereas self-sustainability is a quality of one’s independence, survivability applies to the future maintainability of one’s self-sustainability and indeed one’s existence. Many believe that more self-sustainability guarantees a higher degree of survivability. But just as many oppose this, arguing that it is not self-sustainability that is essential for survivability, but on the contrary specialization and thus dependence.[3]

Consider the first two examples presented above. Among countries, commercial treats are as important as self-sustainability. An autarky is usually inefficient. Among people, social ties have been shown to be correlated to happiness and success as much as self-sustainability.[4]

Notes and references

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See also

  1. ↑ IDAHO Department of Labor (1999). "Definition of Self-sufficiency." Retrieved on 2010-06-26.
  2. ↑ Menasche, Rocha, de Souza e Silva, Leao, Towsley, Venkataramani (2010). "Estimating self-sustainability in peer-to-peer swarming systems" Retrieved on 2010-06-26.
  3. ↑ What and Who is Self-Sufficient? by Katrien Vander Straeten
  4. ↑ Template:Youtube
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